scholarly journals Who meets national early childhood sleep guidelines in Aotearoa New Zealand? A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Muller ◽  
E Santos-Fernandez ◽  
J McCarthy ◽  
H Carr ◽  
T L Signal

Abstract: Study Objectives To investigate the proportion of children in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) who do or do not meet sleep duration and sleep quality guidelines at 24 and 45 months of age and associated sociodemographic factors. Methods Participants were children (n=6,490) from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study of child development with sleep data available at 24 and/or 45 months of age (48.2% girls, 51.8% boys; 22.4% Māori [the Indigenous people of NZ], 12.9% Pacific, 13.4% Asian, 45.2% European/Other). Relationships between sociodemographic factors and maternally-reported child sleep duration (across 24 hours) and night wakings were investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Estimates of children in NZ meeting sleep guidelines were calculated using a range of analytical techniques including Bayesian linear regression, negative binomial multiple regression, and growth curve models. Results In NZ, 29.8% and 19.5% of children were estimated to have a high probability of not meeting sleep duration guidelines and 15.4% and 8.3% were estimated to have a high probability of not meeting night waking guidelines at 24 and 45 months respectively, after controlling for multiple sociodemographic variables. Factors associated cross-sectionally with children’s sleep included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, material standard of living, rurality and heavy traffic, and longitudinal sleep trajectories differed by gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation. Conclusions A considerable proportion of young children in NZ have a high probability of not meeting sleep guidelines but this declines across the ages of 24 and 45 months. Sleep health inequities exist as early as 24 months of age in NZ.

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A136-A136
Author(s):  
D Muller ◽  
S Paine ◽  
L J Wu ◽  
T L Signal

Abstract Introduction In Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) ethnic and socioeconomic inequities exist in adult sleep health but less is known about relationships between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and sleep in early childhood. Methods Maternally-completed questionnaire data from a pregnancy-birth cohort were analysed cross-sectionally. Log-binomial regression models investigated independent associations between ethnicity, socioeconomic position and sleep of 340 Māori (Indigenous) and 570 non-Māori 3-4 year olds. Independent variables included child ethnicity, gender, area-level deprivation (NZDep quintiles; 5=most deprived) and individual-level deprivation (NZiDep scores 1-5; 5=most deprived). Dependent variables included typical weekday and weekend sleep duration (<10hrs/10-13hrs), difference in week/weekend sleep duration (>1hr/≤1hr) and midsleep time (≥1hr/<1hr), problems falling asleep and problematic sleep patterns (no vs. moderate/large problem). Results Māori preschoolers were more likely to have short sleep (weekdays: PR=2.23, 95% CI 1.31-3.82; weekends: PR=2.04, 95% CI 1.24-3.36), week/weekend sleep duration difference >1hr (PR=2.47, 95% CI 1.59-3.84), week/weekend midsleep difference ≥1hr (PR=2.38, 95% CI 1.30-4.36) and a moderate/large problem falling asleep (PR=1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.06) than non-Māori preschoolers. Preschoolers living in most deprived areas were more likely to have short sleep on weekdays (NZDep quintile 4: PR=3.91, 95% CI 1.43-10.72; NZDep quintile 5: PR=4.14, 95% CI 1.54-11.12) and week/weekend sleep duration difference >1hr (NZDep quintile 4: PR=2.34, 95% CI 1.23-4.43) than preschoolers in least deprived areas. Children with higher individual-level deprivation scores were more likely to have short sleep on weekends (NZiDep 5: PR=2.38, 95% CI 1.21-4.67) and a moderate/large problem falling asleep (NZiDep 3: PR=1.72, 95% CI 1.10-2.67) compared to children with lowest scores. Conclusion Ethnic and socioeconomic sleep health inequities exist as early as 3 years of age in NZ. Socio-political drivers of social and economic disadvantage experienced by Māori children and children from families who hold low socioeconomic position must be addressed to achieve equitable sleep health early in the lifecourse. Support Funding support was provided by Massey University New Zealand (Massey University Strategic Innovation Fund; Massey University Research Fund; and Massey University Doctoral Scholarship) and the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC 09/233, 08/547).


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Suzanne Robertson

Book review of Elisabeth McDonald, Rhonda Powell, Māmari Stephens and Rosemary Hunter (eds) Feminist Judgments of Aotearoa New Zealand – Te Rino: A Two-Stranded Rope (Hart Publishing, Portland, 2017).


Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Edward Atkin ◽  
Dan Reineman ◽  
Jesse Reiblich ◽  
David Revell

Surf breaks are finite, valuable, and vulnerable natural resources, that not only influence community and cultural identities, but are a source of revenue and provide a range of health benefits. Despite these values, surf breaks largely lack recognition as coastal resources and therefore the associated management measures required to maintain them. Some countries, especially those endowed with high-quality surf breaks and where the sport of surfing is accepted as mainstream, have recognized the value of surfing resources and have specific policies for their conservation. In Aotearoa New Zealand surf breaks are included within national environmental policy. Aotearoa New Zealand has recently produced Management Guidelines for Surfing Resources (MGSR), which were developed in conjunction with universities, regional authorities, not-for-profit entities, and government agencies. The MGSR provide recommendations for both consenting authorities and those wishing to undertake activities in the coastal marine area, as well as tools and techniques to aid in the management of surfing resources. While the MGSR are firmly aligned with Aotearoa New Zealand’s cultural and legal frameworks, much of their content is applicable to surf breaks worldwide. In the United States, there are several national-level and state-level statutes that are generally relevant to various aspects of surfing resources, but there is no law or policy that directly addresses them. This paper describes the MGSR, considers California’s existing governance frameworks, and examines the potential benefits of adapting and expanding the MGSR in this state.


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Melinda McGinty ◽  
◽  
Betty Poot ◽  
Jane Clarke ◽  
◽  
...  

The expansion of prescribing rights in Aotearoa New Zealand has enabled registered nurse prescribers (RN prescribers) working in primary care and specialty teams, to enhance nursing care, by prescribing medicines to their patient population. This widening of prescribing rights was to improve the population’s access to medicines and health care; however, little is known about the medications prescribed by RN prescribers. This paper reports on a descriptive survey of self-reported RN prescribers prescribing in a single district health board. The survey tool used was a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to record nurse’s area of practice, patient demographic details, health conditions seen, and medicines prescribed and deprescribed. Simple data descriptions and tabulations were used to report the data. Eleven RN prescribers consented to take part in the survey and these nurses worked in speciality areas of cardiology, respiratory, diabetes, and primary care. Findings from the survey demonstrated that RN prescribers prescribe medicines within their area of practice and within the limits of the list of medicines for RN prescribers. Those working in primary care saw a wider range of health conditions and therefore prescribed a broader range of medications. This survey revealed that the list of medications available for RN prescribers needs to be updated regularly to align with the release of evidence-based medications on the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Schedule. It is also a useful record for both educational and clinical settings of the types of medications prescribed by RN prescribers.


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