Susceptibility of almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars to twig canker and shoot blight caused by Diaporthe amygdali

Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA ‘GF-677’ rootstock were used in four-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both type of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars both in laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all the evaluated cultivars to all the inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found relevant variables to explain cultivars performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming, and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and additionally in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.

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Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8247

Author(s):

Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽

Christos Noulas ◽

Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽

Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽

Evangelia Tigka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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Direct selection for phenotypic traits in carrot genotypes

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 354-358

Author(s):

Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽

Giovani O da Silva ◽

Gabriel E Pereira

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Abstract Selection ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Selection of more productive carrot genotypes is fundamental for crop breeding programs aiming to increase productivity and reduce cost production. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate gains from direct selection and to measure its effects on other agronomic traits of interest in carrots. Thirty six carrot genotypes were evaluated in two experiments: the first, sown in the second half of November 2016 and the second one in the first week of March 2017. The experimental plots covered a useful area of 1.5 m2, in transversal rows and 0.10-m double spacing between single rows x 0.20-m between double rows in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. At 90 days, the incidence of leaf blight was evaluated using a note scale and 100 days after sowing, roots were harvested measuring the number and mass of total, commercial and non-commercial roots of each plot. The direct selection of commercial root mass allowed to estimate indirect and expressive gains for most evaluated traits, allowing to select seven genotypes (populations 758, 751, 737, 736, 735, 744 and 742) which can be released as cultivar or for the formation of a broader genetic-based population.

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Does Gender Diversity Affect the Environmental Performance of Banks?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122310172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 10172

Author(s):

Clara Gallego-Sosa ◽

Yakira Fernández-Torres ◽

Milagros Gutiérrez-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Environmental Performance ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Active Role ◽

Women Directors ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Board Gender Diversity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today. Therefore, all segments of society must act together to stop the deterioration of the planet and the depletion of its resources. The business sector must play an active role in acting responsibly toward the environment. Given the importance of this issue, major efforts have been made to analyze the environmental performance of the most polluting sectors. In contrast, other sectors that are also of great interest due to their contribution to sustainable development, such as the banking sector, have been overlooked. Notable factors conditioning performance include aspects of corporate governance such as gender diversity. However, the empirical evidence reveals a lack of consensus regarding the influence of women directors on corporate environmental performance. This background motivates the study of the commitment of the banking sector to reducing their environmental impact and the analysis the influence of board gender diversity on environmental performance. Data for the period 2009 to 2018 on 52 banks from the most polluting Western regions were studied using descriptive statistics and fixed effects econometric estimation to test the relationship between a selection of relevant variables. The key conclusions are that banks are committed to protecting the environment and that there are no significant differences between banks’ commitment to the planet on the basis of board gender diversity.

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Agronomic evaluation and clonal selection of ginger genotypes (Zingiber officinale Roseoe) in Brazil

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.62454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 275-284

Author(s):

Eleonora Zambrano Blanco ◽

José Baldin Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Clonal Selection ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Selection Of

The analysis of the genetic diversity of ginger based on agronomic traits is essential to know its performance and to design breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variability of 61 accessions of the ginger germplasm collection of the "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture at the University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP) in a complete randomized block design with four replications. An analysis of variance test was performed and genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic variance, environmental variance, genetic-environmental variation ratio (CVg/CVe) and genetic correlations were estimated. There were highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among the accessions for all the agronomic traits analyzed. The CVg/CVe ratio (>1), along with the high heritability (>80%), showed a significant contribution of genetic factors on the phenotypic expression of plant height, rhizome thickness and yield traits, favoring the clonal selection of genotypes. Accessions Gen-29, Gen-29, Gen-32, Gen-36, Gen-37, Gen-40, Gen-41, Gen-42, Gen-50 were selected due to the best agronomic performance when compared to the rest of the germplasm. The results obtained may be useful in future breeding programs in Brazil.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FALLING NUMBER AND GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS TO EVALUATE PREHARVEST SPROUTING IN WHEAT

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2020.8(6).758.764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 758-764

Author(s):

Okuyama LA ◽

◽

CR Riede ◽

MM Kohli ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Strong Association ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Preharvest Sprouting ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Falling Number ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

The falling number (FN) is a widely used parameter to evaluate sprouting damage in wheat. Despite its importance, many breeding programs lack facilities to determine the FN routinely. This study was conducted to elucidate the relationship of the falling number with germination percentage, visual sprouting score, hectoliter weight and the grain weight per spike, to improve the selection criteria in the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) trials. Thirteen genotypes differing in PHS tolerance were evaluated in a rain simulator. The statistical analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of FN with grain characteristics. The path coefficient analysis revealed the highest association of the FN with the percentage of sprouted grains. Also, regression analysis determined that samples with more than 46% of sprouted grains had FN below 200s. The grains with 32 to 46% of germination resulted in FN values between 200 and 250s, and those with 19 to 32% of germination had FN between 250 and 300 s. Only those samples with less than 19% of germination resulted in FN values higher than 300s. The strong association between the germination percentage and the FN allows the selection of promising lines and the elimination of undesirable ones at an early stage of breeding.

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Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000200008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 160-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ricardo Meneses Sayd ◽

Renato Fernando Amabile ◽

Fabio Gelape Faleiro ◽

Graciele Bellon

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

The Other ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Barley Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

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Combining Ability and Molecular Marker Approach Identified Genetic Resources to Improve Agronomic Performance in Coffea arabica Breeding

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.705278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Alexsandra Correia Medeiros ◽

Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽

Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira ◽

Tiago Vieira Sousa ◽

Vinícius de Moura Stock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Parent Selection ◽

Selection Of

Plant breeding aims to develop cultivars with good agronomic traits through gene recombination and elite genotype selection. To support Coffea arabica breeding programs and assist parent selection, molecular characterization, genetic diversity (GD) analyses, and circulating diallel studies were strategically integrated to develop new cultivars. Molecular markers were used to assess the GD of 76 candidate parents and verify the crossing of potential F1 hybrids. Based on the complementary agronomic traits and genetic distance, eight elite parents were selected for circulating diallel analysis. The parents and 12 hybrids were evaluated based on 10 morpho-agronomic traits. For each trait, the effects of general and specific combining abilities, as well as the averages of the parents, hybrids, and predicted hybrids, were estimated. Crosses that maximize the genetic gains for the main agronomic traits of C. arabica were identified. Joint analysis of phenotypic and molecular data was used to estimate the correlation between molecular GD, phenotypic diversity (PD), phenotypic mean, and combining ability. The selection of parents that optimize the allele combination for the important traits of C. arabica is discussed in detail.

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Agronomic Evaluation and Genetic Variation of Tunisian Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.)

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2011/349240 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Chtourou-Ghorbel ◽

M. Chakroun ◽

H. Elazreg ◽

N. Trifi-Farah

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Forage Production ◽

Ge Interaction ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genotype X Environment ◽

The Relationship

Nine important agronomic traits were used to assess the genetic diversity of Tunisian tall fescue and to investigate the extent of genotype X environment (GE) interaction and its implications for breeding programs. These traits were studied for three consecutive years in thirty-five spontaneous populations and three cultivars. Panicle size contributed to seeds production, while the plant height at harvest and dry matter yield were selected for forage performance. Analysis of variance demonstrated that population attitude depended on the year and environmental conditions. Principal component analysis revealed significant similarities among some spontaneous populations and cultivars. The relationship between environmental conditions and agronomic traits revealed the influence of altitude, soil texture and minimum temperature on forage production, seed yield, and the architecture of plants, respectively. In addition, the local adapted ecotypes originating from Bizerte, Sidi Nsir, and Rass Rajel attained greater agronomic potentialities than control cultivars and were of considerable economic interest for the improvement of Tunisian tall fescue.

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Physiological changes in advanced hybrid chestnuts do not alter blight resistance under co-occurring drought

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2020-0505 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brett Fredericksen ◽

Samuel Kukor ◽

David M Rosenthal

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Breeding Technique ◽

Chinese Characteristics ◽

Dry Down ◽

Bare Root ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Chestnut breeding programs have been using a backcross breeding technique to produce trees with a predominantly American chestnut (Castanea dentata) genome and chestnut blight disease resistance from Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima). The potential for other physiological changes caused by breeding has yet to be widely studied. We quantify chestnut (American, Chinese, and BC3F3 hybrids) responses to water-stress and measure how co-occurring drought influences disease severity. The experiment was completed using 172 bare-root seedlings organized into a completely randomized factorial design in an outdoor rain-out shelter for one growing season. BC3F3 hybrid gas exchange (Asat, gs) rates were more similar to Chinese than American chestnuts over a 20-day dry-down period, and hybrid turgor loss point showed a more intermediate (between Chinese and American) response. The relationship of stomatal conductance to mid-day leaf water potential (Ψmd) also exhibited both American and Chinese characteristics in the hybrid trees. There was no effect of drought on the disease severity for any of the chestnut groups. We find evidence that drought physiology has been altered in some BC3F3 hybrids, but do not find changes in disease severity when chestnuts are under co-occurring drought.

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Correlation, regression and cluster analyses on yield attributes and popping characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) in derived savanna and rainforest agro-ecologies of Nigeria

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Oloruntoba Olatayo OLAKOJO ◽

Folusho BANKOLE ◽

Dotun OGUNNIYAN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Derived Savanna ◽

Ear Height ◽

The Relationship

Information on the genetic and agronomic relationship among the crop characters is important for the breeding programs. This study aimed at determining the relationship among grain yield, popping expansion and other agronomic characters in 19 popcorn lines evaluated in replicated trials at two locations. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between agronomic traits while multiple stepwise regression analyses was used to determine the contribution of other agronomic traits to grain yield. Results showed that plant and ear heights as well as cob length exhibited positive and significant association with grain yield. Popping volume showed negative and significant association (-0.45**) with grain yield while 100-grain mass had a negative and significant correlation (-0.37**) with popping volume. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ear height, cob length, plant aspect and 100-grain mass contributed a total of 53.66 % to variation in grain yield, with ear height contributing the highest portion (22.51 %). Cluster analysis grouped popcorn lines into four different clusters, where ‘Small Pearl Shaped’ and ‘Popcorn 33-1-Y’ belonged to cluster II and IV, respectively, showing how divergent they are and possible utilization for hybrid formation. Improvement for popcorn should focus on identifying lines with acceptable level of popping volume and improved on their grain yield and yield attributes.

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