Feeding selectivity of Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. pseudogoodeyi on fungi associated with Florida strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemen J Oliveira ◽  
Lesley Schumacher ◽  
Natalia A. Peres ◽  
Janete A. Brito ◽  
Marco Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
The Media ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. pseudogoodeyi are foliar nematodes associated with commercial strawberry production in Florida, USA. The reproductive and feeding habits of these two nematode species were assessed on Florida isolates of the fungi Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Neopestalotiopsis spp. pathogenic to strawberry, and the non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and Monilinia fructicola grown on PDA in petri dishes. Each culture was inoculated with six specimens with mix life stages of either A. besseyi and A. pseudogoodeyi and incubated at 24°C under axenic and non-axenic conditions 23 and 31 days after inoculation, respectively. Aphelenchoides besseyi reproduction rates were significantly higher on strawberry pathogenic isolates of B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, and Neopestalotiopsis rosae than on the non-pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and M. fructicola. In contrast, reproductive rates of A. pseudogoodeyi did not significantly vary across the fungi cultures. For both nematode species, Macrophomina phaseolina was a poor host because it did not produce mycelium on the media used. Our findings indicate that A. besseyi is more selective in its fungal-feeding preference than A. pseudogoodeyi. Additionally, A. pseudogoodeyi eggs and juveniles were significantly higher than adults. Yet, for A. besseyi, adult stages were more common. Fungi aid in the maintenance of soil-dwelling populations of these two nematode species. Removing fungi-infected strawberry plant residues is both a desirable and effective management practice to limit A. besseyi in central Florida commercial strawberry fields.

Fish-borne nematodiases in South America: neglected emerging diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Eiras ◽  
G.C. Pavanelli ◽  
R.M. Takemoto ◽  
Y. Nawa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Human Infections

AbstractFish-borne zoonotic nematodes may infect humans when fish or squid are ingested raw or inadequately cooked. Human infections may have serious consequences, including the unexpected deaths of infected people. This kind of disease is poorly known in general, and the characteristics of such infections in South American countries as a whole have never been assessed. In this paper the present status of fish-borne nematodiases in humans in South American countries is characterized. Potentially zoonotic nematode species are very common in both freshwater and marine fish in South America. Reports of human infections have only been found in some countries, and their incidence (especially with anisakids andGnathostomaspp.) varies from country to country. Apparently they are more abundant in countries with strong traditions of eating raw fish, and are more frequent on the western coast of South America. So far fish-borne nematodes have been reported in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In recent years, cases of human infection have appeared in probably underestimated numbers. People need to be clearly informed about risky feeding habits, and physicians need to learn more about zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Feeding Preferences of the Endangered Diving BeetleCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Ohba ◽  
Yoshinori Inatani
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Diving Beetles

The numbers ofCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner diving beetles are declining in most regions of Japan, and it is included in the Red Data List of species in 34 of 47 prefectures of Japan. However, basic ecological information aboutC. tripunctatus orientalis, such as its feeding habits, remains unknown. In order to elucidate the feeding habits ofC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae, feeding preference experiments were carried out in 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The number of Odonata nymphs consumed was significantly higher than the number of tadpoles consumed, indicating thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer Odonata nymphs to tadpoles. In addition, all the first instar larvae ofC. tripunctatus orientalisdeveloped into second instars when they were supplied with motionless Odonata nymphs, but their survival rate was lower when they were supplied with motionless tadpoles. These results suggest thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer insects to vertebrates.

scholarly journals Phytonematodes as a limiting biotic factor of agricultural production in the world (review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kalatur ◽  
L. A. Yanse
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Xiphinema Index ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Purpose. To analyze domestic and foreign scientific literature on the species composition and harmfulness of the world's most dangerous parasitic species of phytonematodes in crops. Results. Today, according to the available literature, the most dangerous species of phytonematodes include: gall nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst-forming nematode (Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.), root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), banana drill nematode (Radoholus similis), stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci), pine stem nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), xiphinema index (Xiphinema index), false head nematode (Nacobbus aberrans), and rice leaf nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi). Conclusions. The results of research on the prevalence and harmfulness of parasitic nematode species in crops convince us of the need for a more detailed study of this group of microorganisms. Due to the rapid development of molecular genetic methods in the last decade, scientists have been able to expand and improve their knowledge of identifying species, races and pathotypes of phytonematodes, their biological and environmental characteristics, and most importantly, to discover and understand extremely complex mechanisms of parasite and host plants. Nematologists are confident that further research in these and other areas in the future will create a basis for developing a new strategy for long-term and environmentally safe control of these dangerous plant parasites.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilization on edaphic fauna in Acacia auriculiformis (A. Cunn) plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Parente Ribeiro ◽  
Emanuela Forestieri Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Kellen da Silva Moço ◽  
Antonio Carlos Gama-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Total Fauna ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Fertilization and/or the accumulation of organic matter from plant residues can influence the composition of soil and litter community. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of P and K fertilization on total faunal and nematode faunal composition and richness in plant litter and soil for 360 days in an area reforested with Acacia auriculiformis (A. Cunn), located in the municipality of Conceição de Macabu in the State of Rio de Janeiro. For each treatment (fertilized and unfertilized plots), samples of litter and soil (to a depth of 5 cm) were collected and transferred into a Berlese-Tüllgren funnels for the extraction of fauna. Mesofauna and macrofauna were quantified, and the major taxa identified. Nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution and identified according to feeding habits. Density (number of individuals m-2) of total fauna, microphages, social insects and saprophages varied significantly per treatment and sampling time in both litter and soil. The total number of individuals collected was 5,127, and the total number of nematodes 894. Phosphorus and potassium fertilization resulted in an increase in total fauna density and richness in the litter due to an increased abundance of social insects, saprophages and herbivores. In the soil, fertilization increased the saprophage and predator densities. Saprophages were the predominant taxa in the litter, while social insects (Formicidae) prevailed in the soil. Litter nematode populations were favored by mineral fertilization. Bacteriophages were the predominant nematode group in both litter and soil.

Food choice of two bacteria-feeding nematode species dependent on food source, food density and interspecific competition

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Free Living ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stable Environment ◽  
Movile Cave

Feeding selectivity and flexibility are generally poorly understood behaviours of free-living nematodes. In the present study, the food choice and feeding habits of two bacteria-feeding, free-living species, Panagrolaimus cf. thienemanni and Poikilolaimus sp. (Nematoda), isolated from Movile Cave (Romania), were examined with respect to food source, food density and interspecific competition. These two species coexist in a very stable environment, compete for the same food resources, and play a major role in Movile Cave’s food web. Panagrolaimus and Poikilolaimus were found to favour significantly the bacterium Escherichia coli as a food source compared with glucose or algae. High densities of E. coli (109 cells ml−1) were preferred by Panagrolaimus, in contrast to the low densities (106 cells ml−1) preferred by Poikilolaimus. This result held true when the two species were exposed to intra- and interspecific competition, when Panagrolaimus significantly preferred E. coli at densities of 109 cells ml−1, whereas Poikilolaimus, while not significantly preferring a fixed bacterial density, was nonetheless attracted to densities of 105 – 107 cells ml−1. These density-related differences in food choice could explain the ability of these species to coexist without competitive exclusion in the same stable environment of Movile Cave.

The Helminth Parasites of Rattus Fuscipes (Waterhouse) From Victoria, Including Description of Two New Nematode Species.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Obendorf
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Secondary Transfer ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Insight Into

In R. fuscipes from seven Victorian localities: 15 nematode and five cestode species were found; Bertiella anapolytica, Capillaria gastrica and Stammerinema suffodiax represented new host-parasite records for R. fuscipes, and the latter two were new helminth records for Australia. Capillaria praeputialis, sp. nov., and Paraustrostrongylus ratti, sp. nov., are described. Insight into the feeding habits and the interrelationships of R. fuscipes with other fauna was sought from the parasite data. One cestode (Choanotaenia ratticola) and two nematode species (Dipetalonema johnstoni and Stammerinema suffodiax) also occur in marsupials. Two helminth genera (Bertiella and Paraustrostrongylus) with extensive radiations in marsupial hosts are recorded from R.fuscipes. It is proposed that these data present further evidence for the concept of secondary transfer of parasite faunas between indigenous marsupials and rodents.

scholarly journals Dual stable isotope abundances unravel trophic position of estuarine nematodes

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Moens ◽  
Steven Bouillon ◽  
Fabiane Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The role and quantitative importance of free-living nematodes in marine and estuarine soft sediments remain enigmatic for lack of empirical evidence on the feeding habits and trophic position of most nematode species. Here we use natural abundances of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of some abundant nematode species/genera from estuarine intertidal sediments to assess their trophic level and major food sources. In all stations, δ15N of different dominant nematode species/genera spanned a range of 3.6 to 6.3 ppt, indicating that at least two trophic levels were represented. The large nematodes Enoplus brevis, Enoploides longispiculosus and Adoncholaimus fuscus consistently had high δ15N, in line with mouth-morphology based predictions and empirical evidence on their predacious feeding modes. Daptonema sp., Metachromadora remanei, Praeacanthonchus punctatus and ‘Chromadoridae’ (dominated by Ptycholaimellus ponticus) had comparatively lower δ15N, and δ13C suggesting that microphytobenthos (MPB) is their major carbon source, although freshly sedimented particulate organic matter may also contribute to their nutrition in silty sediments. The trophic position of Sphaerolaimus sp., a genus with documented predacious feeding mode, was ambiguous. Ascolaimus elongatus had δ15N signatures indicating a predacious ecology, which is at variance with expectations from existing feeding type classifications. Our study shows that—despite limitations imposed by the biomass requirements for EA-IRMS (elemental analyser—isotope ratio mass spectrometry)—natural isotope abundances of carbon and nitrogen are powerful tools to unravel trophic structure within nematode communities. At the same time, the prominence of different trophic levels results in a large span of δ15N, largely invalidating the use of nitrogen isotope abundances to assess food sources and trophic level of whole nematode communities.

scholarly journals Altered Food Habits? Understanding the Feeding Preference of Free-Ranging Gray Langurs Within an Urban Settlement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dishari Dasgupta ◽  
Arnab Banerjee ◽  
Rikita Karar ◽  
Debolina Banerjee ◽  
Shohini Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Free Ranging

Urbanization affects concurrent human-animal interactions as a result of altered resource availability and land use pattern, which leads to considerable ecological consequences. While some animals have lost their habitat due to urban encroachment, few of them managed to survive within the urban ecosystem by altering their natural behavioral patterns. The feeding repertoire of folivorous colobines, such as gray langur, largely consists of plant parts. However, these free-ranging langurs tend to be attuned to the processed high-calorie food sources to attain maximum benefits within the concrete jungle having insignificant greenery. Therefore, besides understanding their population dynamics, the effective management of these urbanized, free-ranging, non-human primate populations also depends on their altered feeding habits. Here, we have used a field-based experimental setup that allows gray langurs to choose between processed and unprocessed food options, being independent of any inter-specific conflicts over resources due to food scarcity. The multinomial logit model reveals the choice-based decision-making of these free-ranging gray langurs in an urban settlement of West Bengal, India, where they have not only learned to recognize the human-provisioned processed food items as an alternative food source but also shown a keen interest in it. However, such a mismatch between the generalized feeding behavior of folivorous colobines and their specialized gut physiology reminds us of Liem's paradox and demands considerable scientific attention. While urbanization imposes tremendous survival challenges to these animals, it also opens up for various alternative options for surviving in close proximity to humans which is reflected in this study, and could guide us for the establishment of a sustainable urban ecosystem in the future.

Life history of Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in relation to the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Longicorn Beetle ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of the nematode Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus and its phoretic relationship to the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris, were studied, and are discussed by comparison with those of the pinewood nematode B. xylophilus, the pathogen of the pine wilt disease, and its vectors Monochamus species. The life history of B. conicaudatus was found to be very similar to that of B. xylophilus in dispersal pattern, vector selection and feeding preference, although the average number of B. conicaudatus carried by the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, the proportion of beetles infested with the nematodes, and the nematode release pattern differed from those of B. xylophilus. These findings indicate a close relationship between the two species of Bursaphelenchus and the cerambycid beetles, as well as the adaptability of these two nematode species to the life cycles of their vectors.

scholarly journals Effect of soil tillage practices on severity of selected diseases in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
P. Matušinsky ◽  
M. Javůrek ◽  
M. Vach
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Tillage Practices

Soil tillage practices involving various depth, intensity, and different methods of loosening the soil and treating plant residues have changed significantly in recent years and have spread also due to technical advance. The reasons are not only in expected benefits for crop production economics but also in preserving and increasing soil fertility. Although the practices were known for decades, their greatest development and use was seen only in the last 15 years, when decreasing production costs, efficient technology and effective herbicides were the main reasons for their development. At present, they are regarded as important alternatives to conventional management practices with moldboard plowing. Minimum soil tillage practices can contribute to effective soil management, however, risks associated with using these practices in various farming conditions shall be regarded. For cereals, these risks also include disease severity that is conditioned by several circumstances, which change along with the crop management practice, variety assortment or weather in individual years. Diseases that can be of greater importance in relation to the conservation soil tillage practice are stem-base diseases, root diseases and Fusarium head blight. Our experiments did not demonstrate an increased demand for protection against Fusarium head blight, foot diseases and take-all in the given system (three-crop rotation where wheat followed white mustard). Individual years were an important factor.  

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