scholarly journals A Site-Specific, Weather-Based Disease Regression Model for Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1436-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Smith ◽  
J. E. Hollowell ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
B. B. Shew
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Blight Disease

In North Carolina, losses due to Sclerotinia blight of peanut, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia minor, are an estimated 1 to 4 million dollars annually. In general, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is very susceptible to Sclerotinia blight, but some partially resistant virginia-type cultivars are available. Up to three fungicide applications per season are necessary to maintain a healthy crop in years highly favorable for disease development. Improved prediction of epidemic initiation and identification of periods when fungicides are not required would increase fungicide efficiency and reduce production costs on resistant and susceptible cultivars. A Sclerotinia blight disease model was developed using regression strategies in an effort to describe the relationships between modeled environmental variables and disease increase. Changes in incremental disease incidence (% of newly infected plants of the total plant population per plot) for the 2002–2005 growing seasons were statistically transformed and described using 5-day moving averages of modeled site-specific weather variables (localized, mathematical estimations of weather data derived at a remote location) obtained from SkyBit (ZedX, Inc.). Variables in the regression to describe the Sclerotinia blight disease index included: mean relative humidity (linear and quadratic), mean soil temperature (quadratic), maximum air temperature (linear and quadratic), maximum relative humidity (linear and quadratic), minimum air temperature (linear and quadratic), minimum relative humidity (linear and quadratic), and minimum soil temperature (linear and quadratic). The model explained approximately 50% of the variability in Sclerotinia blight index over 4 years of field research in eight environments. The relationships between weather variables and Sclerotinia blight index were independent of host partial resistance. Linear regression models were used to describe progress of Sclerotinia blight on cultivars and breeding lines with varying levels of partial resistance. Resistance affected the rate of disease progress, but not disease onset. The results of this study will be used to develop site- and cultivar-specific spray advisories for Sclerotinia blight.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological parameters on wheat yield under different sowing conditions

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
ANANTA VASHISTH ◽  
DEBASISH ROY ◽  
AVINASH GOYAL ◽  
P. KRISHNAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted on the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Three varieties of wheat (PBW-723, HD-2967 and HD-3086) were sown on three different dates for generating different weather condition during various phenological stages of crop. Results showed that during early crop growth stages soil moisture had higher value and soil temperature had lower value and with progress of crop growth stage, the moisture in the upper layer decreased and soil temperature increased significantly as compared to the bottom layers. During tillering and jointing stage, air temperature within canopy was more and relative humidity was less while during flowering and grain filling stage, air temperature within canopy was less and relative humidity was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop. Radiation use efficiency and relative leaf water content had significantly higher value while leaf water potential had lower value in timely sown crop followed by late and very late sown crop. Yield had higher value in HD-3086 followed by HD-2967 and PBW-723 in all weather conditions. Canopy air temperature difference had positive value in very late sown crop particularly during flowering and grain-filling stages. This reflects in the yield. Yield was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop.  

scholarly journals Perceived Influence of Weather Conditions on Rheumatic Pain in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina-Eliza Croitoru ◽  
Gabriela Dogaru ◽  
Titus Cristian Man ◽  
Simona Mălăescu ◽  
Marieta Motricală ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Rheumatic Pain ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study was to analyze the perception of the influence of various weather conditions on patients with rheumatic pathology. A group of 394 patients, aged between 39 and 87 years and diagnosed with degenerative rheumatic diseases, were interviewed individually by using a questionnaire created specifically for this study. Further on, to assess the relationship between pain intensity and weather conditions, a frequency analysis based on Pearson’s correlation matrix was employed. The most important results are as follows: the great majority of the participants (more than 75%) believe that their rheumatic pain is definitely or to a great extent influenced by different weather conditions; most of the patients reported intensification of their pain with weather worsening, especially when cloudiness and humidity suddenly increase (83.8% and 82.0%, respectively), air temperature suddenly decreases (81.5%), and in fog or rain conditions (81.2%). In our research, alongside simple meteorological variables, we established that complex weather variables such as atmospheric fronts, in particular, the cold ones and winter anticyclonic conditions, greatly intensify the rheumatic pain, whereas summer anticyclonic conditions usually lead to a decrease in pain severity. In terms of relationships between pain intensity and weather conditions, we found the strongest correlations (ranging between 0.725 and 0.830) when temperature, relative humidity, and cloudiness are constantly high.

scholarly journals Site specific parameterizations of longwave radiation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Formetta ◽  
Marialaura Bancheri ◽  
Olaf David ◽  
Riccardo Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Leave One Out

Abstract. In this work ten algorithms for estimating downwelling longwave atmospheric radiation (L↓) and one for upwelling longwave radiation (L↑) are integrated into the hydrological model JGrass-NewAge. The algorithms are tested against energy flux measurements available for twenty-four sites in North America to assess their reliability. These new JGrass-NewAge model components are used i) to evaluate the performances of simplified models (SMs) of L↓ , as presented in literature formulations, and ii) to determine by automatic calibration the site-specific parameter sets for SMs of L↓. For locations where calibration is not possible because of a lack of measured data, we perform a multiple regression using on-site variables, such as mean annual air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and altitude. The regressions are verified through a leave-one-out cross validation, which also gathers information about the possible errors of estimation. Most of the SMs, when executed with parameters derived from the multiple regressions, give enhanced performances compared to the corresponding literature formulation. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for each SM to understand how small variations of a given parameter influence SM performance. Regarding the L↓ simulations, the Brunt (1932) and Idso (1981) SMs, in their literature formulations, provide the best performances in many of the sites. The site-specific parameter calibration improves SM performances compared to their literature formulations. Specifically, the root mean square error (RMSE) is almost halved and the Kling Gupta efficiency is improved at all sites. The L↑ SM is tested by using three different temperatures (surface soil temperature, air temperature at 2 m elevation, and soil temperature at 4 cm depth) and model performances are then assessed. Results show that the best performances are achieved using the surface soil temperature and the air temperature. Models and regression parameters are available for any use, as specified in the paper.

scholarly journals Performance of site-specific parameterizations of longwave radiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 4641-4654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Formetta ◽  
Marialaura Bancheri ◽  
Olaf David ◽  
Riccardo Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Leave One Out

Abstract. In this work 10 algorithms for estimating downwelling longwave atmospheric radiation (L↓) and 1 for upwelling longwave radiation (L↑) are integrated into the JGrass-NewAge modelling system. The algorithms are tested against energy flux measurements available for 24 sites in North America to assess their reliability. These new JGrass-NewAge model components are used (i) to evaluate the performances of simplified models (SMs) of L↓, as presented in literature formulations, and (ii) to determine by automatic calibration the site-specific parameter sets for L↓ in SMs. For locations where calibration is not possible because of a lack of measured data, we perform a multiple regression using on-site variables, i.e. mean annual air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and altitude. The regressions are verified through a leave-one-out cross validation, which also gathers information about the possible errors of estimation. Most of the SMs, when executed with parameters derived from the multiple regressions, give enhanced performances compared to the corresponding literature formulation. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for each SM to understand how small variations of a given parameter influence SM performance. Regarding the L↓ simulations, the Brunt (1932) and Idso (1981) SMs, in their literature formulations, provide the best performances in many of the sites. The site-specific parameter calibration improves SM performances compared to their literature formulations. Specifically, the root mean square error (RMSE) is almost halved and the Kling–Gupta efficiency is improved at all sites. Also in this case, Brunt (1932) and Idso (1981) SMs provided the best performances. The L↑ SM is tested by using three different temperatures (surface soil temperature, air temperature at 2 m elevation, and soil temperature at 4 cm depth) and model performances are then assessed. Results show that the best performances are achieved using the surface soil temperature and the air temperature.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mulching with Straw on the Field Microclimate and Ginger Growth

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 778C-778
Author(s):  
Kun Xu* ◽  
Xiufeng Wang ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth And Yield

Mulching with straw increase soil water content, air relative humidity and air temperature, but decreased soil temperature. Though mulching with straw didn't change light intensity, ginger growth and yield were the same as shading. The growth and yield under shading and mulching with straw were both higher than that of naked soil.

Effect of Soil Water Stress and Soil Temperature on Translocation of Diuron

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Sedgley ◽  
L. Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Gaines) were determined as functions of time, under controlled conditions of moderate soil water stress and soil temperature, after treatment of the roots with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron). Air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and air movement were maintained constant. The rate of photosynthesis declined with time for all plants treated with diuron but not for the controls. No change in the rate of respiration was detected. The rate of transpiration decreased slightly immediately upon application of the diuron and then remained constant. The data indicate that soil temperature and soil water stress play important roles in the herbicidal action of diuron applied to the soil.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA DO PIMENTÃO (Capsicum annuum L.) NOS ELEMENTOS AMBIENTAIS EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Augusto De Aguiar e Silva ◽  
João Francisco Escobado ◽  
Emerson Galvani
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Electronic Sensors ◽  
E Mail

INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA DO PIMENTÃO (Capsicum annuum L.) NOS ELEMENTOS AMBIENTAIS EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO   Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e SilvaJoão Francisco EscobedoEmerson GalvaniSetor de Ciências Ambientais, Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP: 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO              No presente trabalho foram avaliados os elementos ambientais: temperatura do solo, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, nas condições de ambiente protegido (coberto com polietileno) e de campo, num período sem cultura (solo sem cobertura vegetal) e num outro com a cultura do pimentão, em anos diferentes, nas condições climáticas de Botucatu, SP. O híbrido de pimentão utilizado foi o Margarita, que apresenta frutos vermelhos quando maduros. A temperatura do solo foi monitorada por dois sensores eletrônicos instalados a 0,1m de profundidade, sendo um na condição de ambiente protegido e outro na condição de campo, e a temperatura e umidade do ar foram monitoradas por dois sensores eletrônicos instalados a 2m de altura (ambiente protegido e campo). O efeito do pimentão alterando o microclima de cultivo foi observado na temperatura do solo, que apresentou menores valores do índice no período com a cultura, uma vez que o dossel funcionou como uma barreira física que impediu que a radiação solar chegasse ao solo. Os valores encontrados para o índice da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no período sem a cultura foram muito próximos aos encontrados no período com a cultura, não caracterizando o efeito do pimentão sobre essas variáveis.  UNITERMOS: Influência da cultura, temperatura do solo, temperatura e umidade do ar, pimentão.   AGUIAR E SILVA, M. A.; ESCOBEDO, J. F.; GALVANI, E.  INFLUENCE OF BELL PEPPER CROP (Capsicum annuum L.) ON GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES   2 ABSTRACT              The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of bell pepper on climatic variables such as air temperature and relative humidity as well as soil temperature. The measurements were obtained under greenhouse and field environmental conditions taking into account two soil cover situations: without vegetation and with bell pepper crop (Margarida hybrid). The research was carried out in an experimental area of the Environmental Sciences Section of the Natural Resource Department, FCA/UNESP, Campus of Botucatu-SP, from June 1st to September 5th 1999 (without crop) and June 1st to September 5th 2000 (with crop). Soil temperature was monitored by two electronic sensors installed at 0,1 meter depth, inside and outside the greenhouse. Air temperature and relative humidity were monitored by two electronic sensors installed at 2m height, inside and outside the greenhouse. The effect of bell pepper on crop microclimate was evidenced by soil temperature which showed index mean values 1.04 (without crop) and 0.95 (with crop). Crop canopy acted as a physical barrier blocking solar radiation. Air temperature and relative humidity mean indexes did not present significant differences between periods with and without crop.  KEYWORDS: Soil temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity, bell pepper.

scholarly journals Integrating Remote Sensing Data with WRF for Improved Simulations of Oasis Effects on Local Weather Processes over an Arid Region in Northwestern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Wen ◽  
Shihua Lu ◽  
Jiming Jin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Abstract Land use/cover types derived by satellite remote sensing data from the Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to replace the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Simulations in this study were further improved by modifying the initial fields of WRF with soil temperature and moisture observations, because these two variables are important to producing “cold–wet island” effects. A series of WRF simulations were performed to describe microclimate characteristics and the local thermal circulation generated by the inhomogeneous surface over the Jinta oasis, which is located in Gansu—a northwestern province of China. Comparison between simulations and observations showed that the WRF results produced with observed soil temperature and moisture initializations agreed well with near-surface measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction. Moreover, low temperatures over the oasis were found to coexist with high temperatures over the bare land, further leading to developments of local atmospheric circulation. The simulated winds over the oasis showed airmass divergence over the surface layer, triggering local circulation in the upper level. The integration of the MODIS land use/cover data with WRF and the initialization of WRF’s soil temperature and moisture with in situ observations improved the simulations in air temperature, relative humidity, and heat fluxes. These improvements enabled the WRF to reproduce the observed “cold and wet island” effects of the oasis.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HUBUNGAN VARIABEL CUACA DENGAN KEJADIAN DBD DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Lutfan Lazuardi ◽  
Hera Nirwati
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is the main public health issues in Indonesia, even endemic in all provinces. The incidence of DHF is still fluctuated annually in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine the pattern of the relationship between weather variables (air temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed) on the incidence of DHF in the city of Yogyakarta for 5 years (2010-2014). This study used the ecological study design with spatial-temporal approach. Population was the incidence of dengue for the period 2010-2014 in the administrative area of Yogyakarta city. Spearman-rho correlation test showed that the pattern of the relationship of DHF incidence was more significant (p <0.05) and had a stronger correlation coefficient with an increase in weather variables in the previous few months. Rainfall in the previous two months (r = 0.5617), air temperature three months earlier (r = 0.4399), and humidity in the previous month (r = 0.6097) had a positive relationship pattern with an increase in the incidence of DHF. Wind speed is negatively related to the incidence of DHF in the same month (r = -0.3743). Based on graph/ time-trend analysis and spatial analysis of weather variables had a relationship with the incidence of DHF in the city of Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta City Health Office is advised to use weather data from BMKG every year in planning DHF prevention programs and determine the timing of mass mosquito eradication (PSN) activities. Keywords: Dengue, vector-borne disease, climate, temporal

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