Characteristics, treatment, and control of hypertension in public primary healthcare centers in Nigeria

Abstract Background Primary healthcare centers (PHC) ensure that patients receive comprehensive care from promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care in a familiar environment. It is designed to provide first-contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated patient care that will help achieve equity in the specialty healthcare system. The healthcare in Saudi Arabia is undergoing transformation to Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) model. In order for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to achieve its transformational goals in healthcare, the improvement of PHCs’ quality and utilization is crucial. An integral part of this service is the laboratory services. Methods This paper presents a pilot model for the laboratory services of PHC's in urban cities. The method was based on the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement method focusing on the pre-analytical phase of the laboratory testing as well as the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutes (CBAHI) gap analysis and readiness within the ten piloted primary healthcare centers. Results The Gap analysis, revealed in-consistency in the practice, lead to lower the quality of the service, which was seen in the low performance of the chosen key performance indicators (KPI's) (high rejection rates, lower turn-around times (TAT) for test results) and also in the competency of the staff. Following executing the interventions, and by using some of the ACO Laboratory strategies; the KPI rates were improved, and our results exceeded the targets that we have set to reach during the first year. Also introducing the electronic connectivity improved the TAT KPI and made many of the processes leaner. Conclusions Our results revealed that the centralization of PHC's laboratory service to an accredited reference laboratory and implementing the national accreditation standards improved the testing process and lowered the cost, for the mass majority of the routine laboratory testing. Moreover, the model shed the light on how crucial the pre-analytical phase for laboratory quality improvement process, its effect on cost reduction, and the importance of staff competency and utilization.

Download Full-text

Challenges for tuberculosis control at selected primary healthcare centers in Bangladesh: A mixed-method study

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.04.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarmin Sultana ◽

Marium Salwa ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne Towhid ◽

Syed Shariful Islam ◽

Haque M Atiqul

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Mixed Method Study ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers

Download Full-text

Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

10.1101/2020.03.15.20036269 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Faith A. Okalebo ◽

Eric M. Guantai ◽

Aggrey O. Nyabuti

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Low Income ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Rational Use ◽

Health Organization ◽

Consultation Time ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers

ABSTRACTBackgroundIrrational drug use is a global problem. However, the extent of the problem is higher in low-income countries. This study set out to assess and characterize drug use at the public primary healthcare centers (PPHCCs) in a rural county in Kenya, using the World Health Organization/ International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators methodology.MethodsTen PPHCCs were randomly selected. From each PPHCC, ninety prescriptions from October to December 2018 were sampled and data extracted. Three-hundred (30 per PPHCC) patients and ten (1 per PPHCC) dispensers were also observed and interviewed. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were used to assess the patterns of drug use.ResultsThe average number of drugs per prescription was 2.9 (SD 0.5) (recommended: 1.6– 1.8), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 27.7% (recommended: 100%); the percentage of prescriptions with an antibiotic was 84.8% (recommended: 20.0–26.8%), and with an injection prescribed was 24.9% (recommended: 13.4–24.1%). The percentage of prescribed drugs from the Kenya Essential Medicines List was 96.7% (recommended: 100%). The average consultation time was 4.1 min (SD 1.7) (recommended: ≥10 min), the average dispensing time was 131.5 sec (SD 41.5) (recommended: ≥90 sec), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 76.3% (recommended: 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 22.6% (recommended: 100%) and percentage of patients with correct knowledge of dispensed drugs was 54.7% (recommended: 100%). Only 20% of the PPHCCs had a copy of KEML available, and 80% of the selected essential drugs assessed were available.ConclusionThe survey shows irrational drug use practices, particularly polypharmacy, non-generic prescribing, overuse of antibiotics, short consultation time and inadequacy of drug labeling. Effective programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities.

Download Full-text

79 Relationship Between Depression and Nutritional Status Among the Elderly Attending Selected Primary Healthcare Centers in Lagos

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab030.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i12-i42

Author(s):

B A Akodu ◽

S O Akinwunmi ◽

A Onajole

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers

Abstract Introduction Depression causes and worsens malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly of the developed world was about 22.6% and about 40% of hospitalized elderly are malnourished while about 4.8% have one major depressive episode in people aged 50 and above. Food rich in omega-3 has antidepressant effect and its low intake is linked with dementia. Decrease dietary folate has been linked with depression. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression and nutritional status among the elderly in selected primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Lagos Nigeria. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage technique to select 219 participants by systematic sampling method from the selected PHC centers. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status and Depression were assessed using Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Geriatric Depression Scale respectively. Data analysis was carried out using Epi-info 7.1. Associations were tested using Chi-square for categorical variables while t-test and analysis of variance were used for continuous variables. Associations were statistically significant if two-tailed probability was less than 5% (0.05). Results It was found that 57.9% and 47.1% were malnourished and depressed respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of the participants and the nutritional status (p = 0.048). Statistically significant association existed between sex (p = 0.024), marital status (p = <0.001), educational qualification and depression. Statistically significant association between monthly income (p = <0.001), living arrangement (p = 0.002) and depression was demonstrated. There was a statistically significant association between family support (p = <0.001), nutritional status (p = <0.001) and depression. There was statistically significant difference between the height (p = 0.00885), weight (p = 0.00052, waist-hip ratio (p = 0.036) and the nutritional status. Remarkably, there was statistically significant difference between the waist (p = 0.023) and hip circumference (p = 0.047) and their level of depression. Conclusion A high prevalence of poor nutritional status and depression existed among the elderly primary healthcare centers.

Download Full-text

Analisis Implementasi Program Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk Di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat

Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.14710/jmki.4.1.2016.20-26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Zaenab Ismail ◽

Martha Irene Kartasurya ◽

Atik Mawarni

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Control Program ◽

Educational Background ◽

Severe Malnutrition ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Nutrition Care ◽

West Papua ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers

The prevalence of under-five children with severe malnutrition in Sorong city West Papua in 2008, 2009 and 2010 consecutively was 3.59%, 1.1% and 1.9%. Implementation of a program could be influenced by many factors such as communication, resources, disposition and bureaucracy factors. The objective of this study was to know the implementation of severe malnutrition control program at primary healthcare centers (puskesmas) in the working area of Sorong city health office West Papua in 2010. This was a qualitative study with cross sectional approach. Data was collected through in-depth interview using interview guideline. There were 5 primary healthcare centers studied with program executors as main informants. Triangulation informants were family or parents of under-five children with severe malnutrition, head of puskesmas and head of nutrition section of Sorong city health office West Papua province. Results of the study showed implementation of the program had not run according to the standard of implementation from the Ministry of Health. It was caused by not optimal communication that was done by Sorong city health office through program socialization. The availability of resources such as human resource to implement the program was insufficient. Only those who had nutrition educational background implemented the program and other workers were not involved in the program. There was no nutrition care team in all puskesmas. Additionally, the majority of the workers had not received training yet. Management of program funding was not according to the unit cost. Facilities were inappropriate and there was still improper puskesmas. The executor workers were needed for implementing the program; unfortunately due to less transparency and socialization, commitment was also low. No authority or standard operating procedure (SOP) given by Sorong city health office to puskesmas. In addition there was no supervision to the nutrition program workers. It was concluded that the implementation of severe malnutrition control program in Puskesmas in the working area of Sorong city health office West Papua province was not optimal. It was suggested to Sorong city health office to improve socialization about severe malnutrition control program to all program executors including heads of puskesmas in the working area of Sorong city health office; to create nutrition care and training teams. Funding allocation should be given to the right target and facilities should be completed. Supervision, monitoring and evaluation were done continuously.

Download Full-text

Field evaluation of a rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centers

10.1101/2020.10.16.20213850 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eliseo Albert ◽

Ignacio Torres ◽

Felipe Bueno ◽

Dixie Huntley ◽

Estefanía Molla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Antigen Test ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Test Device ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Primary Healthcare Centers

AbstractWe evaluated the Panbio™ COVID-19 AG Rapid Test Device (RAD) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients attended in primary healthcare centers (n=412). Overall specificity and sensitivity of RAD was 100% and 79.6%, respectively, taking RT-PCR as the reference. SARS-CoV-2 could not be cultured from specimens yielding RT-PCR+/RAD- results.

Download Full-text