scholarly journals Playing High School Football Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk for Suicidality in Early Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Grant L. Iverson ◽  
Zachary C. Merz ◽  
Douglas P. Terry
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Increased Risk

Which On-field Signs/Symptoms Predict Protracted Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion Among High School Football Players?

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Lau ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Michael W. Collins ◽  
Anne Mucha ◽  
Mark R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Testing ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainer

Background: There has been increasing attention and understanding of sport-related concussions. Recent studies show that neurocognitive testing and symptom clusters may predict protracted recovery in concussed athletes. On-field signs and symptoms have not been examined empirically as possible predictors of protracted recovery. Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine which on-field signs and symptoms were predictive of a protracted (≥21 days) versus rapid (≤7 days) recovery after a sports-related concussion. On-field signs and symptoms included confusion, loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, imbalance, dizziness, visual problems, personality changes, fatigue, sensitivity to light/noise, numbness, and vomiting. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The sample included 107 male high school football athletes who completed computerized neurocognitive testing within an average 2.4 days after injury, and who were followed until returned to play as determined by neuropsychologists using international clinical concussion management guidelines. Athletes were then grouped into rapid (≤7 days, n = 62) or protracted (≥21 days, n = 36) recovery time groups. The presence of on-field signs and symptoms was determined at the time of injury by trained sports medicine professionals (ie, ATC [certified athletic trainer], team physician). A series of odds ratios with χ2 analyses and subsequent logistic regression were used to determine which on-field signs and symptoms were associated with an increased risk for a protracted recovery. Results: Dizziness at the time of injury was associated with a 6.34 odds ratio (95% confidence interval = 1.34-29.91, χ2 = 5.44, P = .02) of a protracted recovery from concussion. Surprisingly, the remaining on-field signs and symptoms were not associated with an increased risk of protracted recovery in the current study. Conclusion: Assessment of on-field dizziness may help identify high school athletes at risk for a protracted recovery. Such information will improve prognostic information and allow clinicians to manage and treat concussion more effectively in these at-risk athletes.

To Play or Not to Play: Concussions and High School Football Athletes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brown ◽  
Taryn J. Acosta ◽  
Bethany Mealy ◽  
Conrad T. Mueller ◽  
Lauren T. Dashjian
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Football

Measuring Acceptability and Engagement of the Keep It Up! Internet-based HIV Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial for Young Men who have Sex with Men (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Madkins ◽  
David Moskowitz ◽  
Kevin Moran ◽  
Trey Dellucci ◽  
Brian Mustanski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Values ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intervention Acceptability ◽  
Intervention Content ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND Since 2010, HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) have remained stably high while decreasing for heterosexual men and women. The burden of infection has disproportionately impacted younger MSM of color relative to other populations. Despite the increased risk, there are few HIV prevention programs targeted to diverse and young MSM. The Keep It Up! (KIU!) online intervention was created to address the HIV prevention needs of this population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the acceptability and engagement of KIU!, and explore any differences by demographics, within the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Between May 2013 and December 2015, 445 participants were randomized into the intervention arm of the KIU! RCT. Data were taken from the baseline assessment, KIU! 2.0 intervention modules, and immediate post-test assessments of intervention acceptability and engagement. Outcomes of interests were qualitative and quantitative measures of intervention acceptability and engagement as well as process measures (i.e., star ratings of intervention content and paradata on time spent in intervention). RESULTS Participants were an average of 24 years old, 62.9% (280/445) identified as a racial or ethnic minority, 86.5% (385/445) identified as gay, and 84.3% (375/445) reported having at least some college education. Most participants rated the intervention content highly (4 out of 5 stars) and gave the intervention an average acceptability score of 3.5 out of 4. Compared to White participants, Black participants found the intervention more useful (p = .03), engaging (p < .001), and acceptable (p = .001); Latino participants found the intervention more engaging (p = .03); and “other” non-White participants found the intervention more engaging (p = .008) and acceptable (p = .02). Participants with high school or less education found the intervention more useful, engaging, and acceptable, and were more likely to give intervention content a five star rating than college educated participants (p-values = .047, <.001, .002, .01 respectively) or those with graduate degrees (p-values = .04, .001, < .001, .004 respectively). White participants showed the most variation between education levels and reporting positive attitudes towards the intervention. Among Black participants, graduate degree-earning participants spent significantly more time on the intervention than high-school or less educated participants (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Overall, participants gave the intervention high acceptability and engagement ratings; but it was most acceptable and engaging to participants who were younger, identified as racial and ethnic minorities, had less education, and lived in the South. As these are all groups with greater burden of HIV infection, the KIU! intervention is promising as a primary HIV prevention tool. Future implementations of KIU! are needed to assess its acceptability outside of the highly controlled environment of an RCT. CLINICALTRIAL RCT# NCT01836445

scholarly journals Postsecondary Educational Attainment and Health among Younger U.S. Adults in the “College-for-All” Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110211
Author(s):  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Elizabeth Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Associate Degrees ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High School Diplomas ◽  
Postsecondary Attainment

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes and smaller but largely significant returns to associate degrees. In contrast, adults with some college but no degree or with vocational/technical certificates do not have better physical health than high school graduates. Our findings highlight the stark differentiation within higher education as reflected by the disparate health outcomes in early adulthood.

scholarly journals Bystander Intervention Efficacy to Reduce Teen Dating Violence Among High School Youth Who Did and Did Not Witness Parental Partner Violence: A Path Analysis of A Cluster RCT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Mennicke ◽  
Heather M. Bush ◽  
Candace J. Brancato ◽  
Ann L. Coker
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Teen Dating

AbstractYouth who witness parental intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk of teen dating violence (DV). This analysis of secondary data investigated whether a bystander intervention program, Green Dot, was effective at reducing physical and psychological DV victimization and perpetration among youth who had and had not previously witnessed parental IPV. The parent RCT assigned 13 schools to control and 13 schools to the Green Dot intervention. Responses from 71,797 individual surveys that were completed by high school students were analyzed across three phases of a 5-year cluster randomized control trial. Multigroup path analyses revealed that students in intervention schools who witnessed parental IPV had a reduction in psychological (p < .001) and physical DV (p < .01) perpetration and psychological DV victimization (p < .01) in Phase 2 of the intervention, while those who did not witness parental IPV had a significant reduction in psychological DV victimization (p < .01). Individuals in the intervention received more training (p < .001), which was associated with lower levels of violence acceptance (p < .001). Violence acceptance was positively associated with DV victimization and perpetration (p < .001), especially for individuals who previously witnessed parental IPV. Green Dot is an effective program at reducing DV victimization and perpetration among the high-risk group of youth who previously witnessed parental IPV, largely operating through violence acceptance norms. This underscores the bystander intervention approach as both a targeted and universal prevention program.

scholarly journals Life-course trajectories of weight and their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Yacamán-Méndez ◽  
Ylva Trolle-Lagerros ◽  
Minhao Zhou ◽  
Antonio Monteiro Ponce de Leon ◽  
Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractAlthough exposure to overweight and obesity at different ages is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, the effect of different patterns of exposure through life remains unclear. We aimed to characterize life-course trajectories of weight categories and estimate their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. We categorized the weight of 7203 participants as lean, normal or overweight at five time-points from ages 7–55 using retrospective data. Participants were followed for an average of 19 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. We used latent class analysis to describe distinctive trajectories and estimated the risk ratio, absolute risk difference and population attributable fraction (PAF) associated to different trajectories using Poisson regression. We found five distinctive life-course trajectories. Using the stable-normal weight trajectory as reference, the stable overweight, lean increasing weight, overweight from early adulthood and overweight from late adulthood trajectories were associated to higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The estimated risk ratios and absolute risk differences were statistically significant for all trajectories, except for the risk ratio of the lean increasing trajectory group among men. Of the 981 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, 47.4% among women and 42.9% among men were attributable to exposure to any life-course trajectory different from stable normal weight. Most of the risk was attributable to trajectories including overweight or obesity at any point of life (36.8% of the cases among women and 36.7% among men). The overweight from early adulthood trajectory had the highest impact (PAF: 23.2% for woman and 28.5% for men). We described five distinctive life-course trajectories of weight that were associated to increased risk of type 2 diabetes over 19 years of follow-up. The variability of the effect of exposure to overweight and obesity on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was largely explained by exposure to the different life-course trajectories of weight.

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