Christopher John Lamb CBE. 19 March 1950 — 21 August 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 189-213
Author(s):  
Joanne Chory ◽  
Rod Casey
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Chris Lamb was one of the most influential plant biologists of his time. He was director of the Plant Biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute and of the John Innes Centre, two of the world's leading plant and microbial research institutions. He was recognized by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers worldwide in plant and animal science. His field of study was plant–pathogen interactions, and he made seminal contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of plant defence. His efforts led to discoveries such as how cell wall composition influences microbial entry, which plant genes are rapidly induced on infection, and the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in plant defence signalling. His work demonstrated a number of links between defence responses in plants and in animals. He believed that plant and microbial science research could be used to improve the world, and he took his belief to the local communities, to regional and national media and to Westminster. He had a skill for talent spotting, and one of his major legacies is the number of careers that he nurtured and are now flourishing at universities and institutes across the world.

scholarly journals Plants versus pathogens: an evolutionary arms race

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Anderson ◽  
Cynthia A. Gleason ◽  
Rhonda C. Foley ◽  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Jeremy B. Burdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

The analysis of plant–pathogen interactions is a rapidly moving research field and one that is very important for productive agricultural systems. The focus of this review is on the evolution of plant defence responses and the coevolution of their pathogens, primarily from a molecular-genetic perspective. It explores the evolution of the major types of plant defence responses including pathogen associated molecular patterns and effector triggered immunity as well as the forces driving pathogen evolution, such as the mechanisms by which pathogen lineages and species evolve. Advances in our understanding of plant defence signalling, stomatal regulation, R gene–effector interactions and host specific toxins are used to highlight recent insights into the coevolutionary arms race between pathogens and plants. Finally, the review considers the intriguing question of how plants have evolved the ability to distinguish friends such as rhizobia and mycorrhiza from their many foes.

Role of plant hormones in plant defence responses

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Bari ◽  
Jonathan D. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Two sides of the same story in grapevine–pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 3367-3380
Author(s):  
Rita B Santos ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Aspartic Proteases ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Pathogen Defence ◽  
Effector Triggered Immunity ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Two Sides

Abstract Proteases are an integral part of plant defence systems, and their role in plant–pathogen interactions is unequivocal. Emerging evidence suggests that different protease families contribute to the establishment not only of hypersensitive response, priming, and signalling, but also of recognition events through complex proteolytic cascades. Moreover, they play a crucial role in pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP/MAMP)-triggered immunity as well as in effector-triggered immunity. However, despite important advances in our understanding of the role of proteases in plant defence, the contribution of proteases to pathogen defence in grapevine remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the main grapevine pathosystems and explore the role of serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases from both the host and pathogen point of views.

Chitinase gene expression in transgenic plants: a molecular approach to understanding plant defence responses

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1301) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

Recent studies suggest that the production of enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi may be an important component of the defence response of plants. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress on the isolation and characterization of chitinolytic enzymes from higher plants. Emphasis is placed on experiments designed to study the regulation of chitinase gene expression in response to ethylene treatment or pathogen ingress and on determining the role of this enzyme in plant defence. The production of transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to attack by the fungal pathogen Rhizodonia solani is discussed.

Plant defence responses: what have we learnt from Arabidopsis?

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Thatcher ◽  
Jonathan P. Anderson ◽  
Karam B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

To overcome the attack of invading pathogens, a plant’s defence system relies on preformed and induced responses. The induced responses are activated following detection of a pathogen, with the subsequent transmission of signals and orchestrated cellular events aimed at eliminating the pathogen and preventing its spread. Numerous studies are proving that the activated signalling pathways are not simply linear, but rather, form complex networks where considerable cross talk takes place. This review covers the recent application of powerful genetic and genomic approaches to identify key defence signalling pathways in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The identification of key regulatory components of these pathways may offer new approaches to increase the defence capabilities of crop plants.

scholarly journals The Role of Twitter in the WHO’s Fight against the Infodemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11990
Author(s):  
Daniel Muñoz-Sastre ◽  
Luis Rodrigo-Martín ◽  
Isabel Rodrigo-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
False Information ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
The Media ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching consequences in various fields. In addition to its health and economic impact, there are also social, cultural and informational impacts. Regarding the latter, the World Health Organization (WHO) flagged concerns about the infodemic at the beginning of 2020. The main objective of this paper is to explore how the WHO uses its Twitter profile to inform the population on vaccines against the coronavirus, thus preventing or mitigating misleading or false information both in the media and on social networks. This study analyzed 849 vaccine-related tweets posted by the WHO on its Twitter account from 9 November 2020 (when the 73rd World Health Assembly resumed) to 14 March 2021 (three months after the start of vaccination). In order to understand the data collected, these results were compared with the actions carried out by the WHO and with the information and debates throughout this period. The analysis shows that the WHO is decidedly committed to the use of these tools as a means to disseminate messages that provide the population with accurate and scientific information, as well as to combat mis- and disinformation about the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination process.

scholarly journals Development of Formal Agricultural Education in Canada (Based on the Analysis of Scientific Periodicals of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Kateryna Havrylenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Education Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Periodicals ◽  
The Given

Abstract The article states that one of the world leaders in agricultural sector training is Canada, which has gained a great scientific and practical experience. The paper examines the role of periodicals of the 19th – early 20th centuries, preserved in the Canadian book funds for the establishment and development of formal agricultural education of this country and for the popularization of the scientific information among the general public. The impressive work of the Canadiana project on preservation of periodicals of the given period, launched by Canadian library collections has been emphasized. These periodical materials have been analyzed and an attempt of old agricultural publications classification has been made. The importance of comprehensive informational analysis of the existing periodicals roles for better understanding of the transformations and changes that have occurred in Canadian formal agricultural education has been outlined as well as the need of researching the role of universities in the scientific community of the past and of our time has been stressed. The importance of a detailed study of the saved periodicals for an objective analysis of contemporary formal agricultural education and its role in the society in order to improve the training of agricultural sector specialists in the country according to the best historical examples has been noted as well as the need in the retrospective analysis of higher education development in Canada for further implementation of the results into the national educational system has been indicated.

scholarly journals A Possible Involvement of ACR4, a Receptor Like Kinase, in Plant Defence Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannat E-Zereen ◽  
Gwyneth Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Cuticular Lipid ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Challenge ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Defence Responses

Many developmentally important Receptor Like Kinases (RLKs), also known as receptor kinases have been shown to play independent roles in plant defence. In order to investigate the role of Arabidopsis CRINKLY4 (ACR4) in plant defence mechanism, pathogen challenge experiments were carried out. It was found that ACR4 knockout leaves show reduced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. It is therefore possible that the ACR4 receptor might interact with other proteins that regulate specific defence responses. Reduced susceptibility of ACR4 mutant to B. cinerea could also be due to the possible epidermal defect of acr4 leaves. A detailed study of the cuticular lipid composition of acr4 leaves may help ascertain whether epidermal defects in acr4 leaves are responsible for resistance against B. cinerea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12576 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 127-130, 2012

2.The International Translations Centre

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Bergeijk ◽  
M. Risseeuw
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Line Searches ◽  
The World ◽  
On Line

The language barrier in the dissemination of scientific information is felt more and more nowadays. Owing to increasing international contacts and co-operatin, and the on line use of databases, the influence of the language barrier makes itself felt twice. Firstly, it may impede the search for literature, and secondly, it may hinder the user from getting acquainted with the literature concerned. Three general solu tions to the problem of the language barrier are briefly discussed. Some solutions in relation to on-line searches are mentioned. Translating is the only way to get acquainted with a document written in a language of which one has no command. The increasing role of the computer in the process of translating is discussed. The need for clearinghouses for existing translations is advocated. Objectives and organisa tion of the International Translations Centre are described. Attention is paid to the World Transindex database and publication, and the publication Journals in Translation. The need for international cooperation providing access to litera ture, inaccessible because of the language in which it was published, is stressed.

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