scholarly journals On the distribution of radium in the Earth's crust and on the Earth’s internal heat

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (519) ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust

Professor Rutherford has given a calculation which suggests that there may be enough radium in the earth to account for the temperature gradient observed near the surface. The question is of great interest from a cosmical point of view. For if we find that the earth’s internal heat is due to radio-activity, and if we assume, as has been usual, that this heat is due to some vestiges of the cause operative in the sun and stars, it would follow that these latter are heated by radio-active changes also.

scholarly journals TECHNIQUE FOR CONSTRUCTING A 3D MODEL OF THE GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL BY THE RESULTS OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMUKH OIL AND GAS-BEARING AREA OF THE LOWER KURINSKY DEPRESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Rasim Nəcəfov Rasim Nəcəfov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Earth's Crust

It is known that in the center of the Earth the temperature is about 5000 0C and in the direction of the earth's crust it decreases. It is also known that the temperature gradient of the Earth is 3 0C every 100 meters in depth and it is constant throughout the planet. Consequently, the temperature of the Earth's crust is the most beneficial source of heat and energy. It accumulates the energy of the sun and is heated by the focal temperature. In Azerbaijan, at a depth of one meter to 50 meters, the temperature is stable and equal to 5-8 ° C. Keywords: geothermal energy, Earth's crust temperature, temperature gradient, thermal waters, steam turbines and heat pumps, 3D model of the field.

scholarly journals II.—On the Probable Seat of Volcanic Action

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 (60) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
T. Sterry Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Great Thickness ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Liquid Condition ◽  
Earth's Crust

The igneous theory of the earth's crust, which supposes it to have been at one time a fused mass, and to still retain in its interior a great degree of heat, is now generally admitted. In order to explain the origin of eruptive rocks, the phenomena of volcanos, and the movements of the earth's crust, all of which are conceived by geologists to depend upon the internal heat of the earth, three principal hypotheses have been forward. Of these the first supposes that in the cooling of the globe a solid crust of no great thickness was formed, which rests upon the still uncongealed nucleus. The second hypothesis, maintained by Hopkins and by Poulett Scope, supposes solidification to have commenced at the centre of the liquid globe, and to have advanced towards the circumference. Before the last portions became solidified, there was produced, it is conceived, a condition of imperfect liquidity, preventing the sinking of the cooled and heavier particles, and giving rise to the superficial crust, from which solidification would proceed downwards. There would thus be enclosed, between the inner and outer solid parts, a portion of uncongealed matter, which, according to Hopkins, may be supposed still to retain its liquid condition, and to be the seat of volcanic action, whether existing in isolated reservoirs or subterranean lakes; or whether, as suggested by Scrope, forming a continous sheet surrounding the solid nucleeus, whose existence is thus conciliated with the evident facts of a flexible crust, and of liquid ignited matters beneath.

scholarly journals Global Warming: The Bottom View

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Lev Borisovich Velgas ◽  
Liya Lvovna Iavolinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust

In this paper, the authors theorize that all planets rotate about their axis due to their satellites. The planet and its satellite are interconnected by a shared gravity, which moves along the surface of the planet as the result of the satellite moving in an orbit. The discussed movement of gravity applies to all planets and the Sun. The shared gravity is at its maximum on the Earth and Sun surface. Based on this theory, the paper discusses causes for global warming. The hypothesis of the Earth’s crust being a cause for global warming is analyzed. In addition, an analysis of Friedmann’s theory in terms of possible galactic velocities is presented in the article.

scholarly journals Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall building

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kollar ◽  
M. Mojzeš ◽  
M. Vaľko
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Model Computation ◽  
Loading Effect ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust

Deformation of earth's surface caused loading of tall buildingTall buildings can cause deformations of the earth's crust for long distances from the area of their realization. Monitoring the deformation of tall big buildings from geodetic networks realised near the building can also have deformations from this point of view, and analysis of the measurements can result in false conclusions. The loading effect of the earth crust must be excluded from the measurement parameters. The paper presents a model computation of the loading effect produced by tall buildings constructed of simple geometric forms on the earth's crust.

scholarly journals INQUIRY INTO VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH‘S CRUST BASED ON SAMPLES FROM EASTERN LITHUANIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ruta Puziene ◽  
Asta Anikeniene ◽  
Gitana Karsokiene
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Made In

In the research of vertical movements of the earth’s crust, examination of statistical correlations between the measured vertical movements of the earth’s crust and territorial geo-indexes is accomplished with the help of mathematical statistical analysis. Availability of the precise repeated levelling measuring data coupled with the preferred research methodology offer a chance to determine and predict recent vertical movements of the earth’s crust. For the inquiry into recent vertical movements of the earth’s crust, a Lithuanian class I vertical network levelling polygon was used. Drawing on measurements made in the polygon, vertical velocities of earth’s crust movements were calculated along the following levelling lines. For determining the relations shared by vertical movements of the earth’s crust and territorial geo-parameters, the following territory-defining parameters are accepted. Examination of the special qualities of relations shared by vertical movements of the earth’s crust and geo-parameters in the territory under research contributed to the computation of correlation matrices. Regression models are worked out taking into consideration only particular territory-defining geo-parameters, i.e. only those parameters which exhibit the following correlation coefficient value of the vertical earth’s crust movement velocity: r ≥ 0.50. A forecast of the velocities pertaining to vertical movements of the earth’s crust in the territory under examination was made with the application of regression models. Further in the process of this research, a map was compiled specifying the velocities of vertical movements of the earth’s crust in the territory. In the eastern part of this territory, the earth’s crust rises at a rate of up to 3 mm/year; while in the western part of it, the earth crust lowers at a rate of up to –1.5 mm/year. In order to pinpoint territories characterised by temperate and regular rising/lowering or intensive rising/lowering, a map of horizontal gradients of recent vertical earth crust movements in the territory enclosed by levelling polygon was compiled.

scholarly journals Suggestion as to the Cause of the Earth's Internal Heat

1904 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
George Romanes
Keyword(s):  
Internal Heat ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Fluid Mass ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sufficient Cause ◽  
Heated Fluid ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Gravitational Compression

During the discussions that have arisen as to the internal heat of the earth, the writer has never seen any reason given for supposing that there was a time when the earth was a highly heated fluid mass, and he believes that view to have originated by analogy from the case of the sun; and no other cause of the heat seems to be generally assumed than the collisions of the parts that came together to form the earth's mass. He has expected to find some one maintaining that gradual gravitational compression of the mass was the main source of the earth's internal heat, but till recently he has never tried to find out if it could possibly be a sufficient cause. It has always seemed to him that the formation of the earth's mass must have been accomplished under circumstances so different from the case of the sun that an analogy could scarcely be drawn between the two cases; indeed, it is obvious that the amount of heat produced by the formation of planets from nebulae will depend principally on their masses, and will be in a, higher ratio than that of the masses.

scholarly journals Improving of electrical channels for magnetotelluric sounding instrumentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Prystai ◽  
V. O. Pronenko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Magnetotelluric Sounding ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earth's Crust

Abstract. The study of the deep structure of the Earth's crust is of great interest for both applied (e.g. mineral exploration) and scientific research. For this the electromagnetic (EM) studies which enable one to construct the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust are of great use. The most common method of EM exploration is magnetotelluric sounding (MT). This passive method of research uses a wide range of natural geomagnetic variations as a powerful source of electromagnetic induction in the Earth, producing telluric current variations there. It includes the measurements of variations of natural electric and magnetic fields in orthogonal directions at the surface of the Earth. By this, the measurements of electric fields are much more complicated metrological processes, and, namely, they limit the precision of MT prospecting. This is especially complicated at deep sounding when measurements of long periods are of interest. The increase in the accuracy of the electric field measurement can significantly improve the quality of MT data. Because of this, the development of a new version of an instrument for the measurements of electric fields at MT – both electric field sensors and the electrometer – with higher levels relative to the known instrument parameter level – was initiated. The paper deals with the peculiarities of this development and the results of experimental tests of the new sensors and electrometers included as a unit in the long-period magnetotelluric station LEMI-420 are given.

Metamorphic Rocks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Maltman
Keyword(s):  
Metamorphic Rock ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Tectonic Stress ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Increased Pressure

We come now to the metamorphic rocks, the result of modifications to already existing rock. I’m well aware that this can all seem a bit mysterious. After all, no one has ever seen the changes take place; no one has ever witnessed a metamorphic rock form—the processes are imperceptibly slow, and they happen deep in the Earth’s crust, way out of sight. Why should these changes happen? Well, they are primarily driven by increases in pressure and temperature, so we begin with a look at these two factors. There are sites in the Earth’s crust where material becomes progressively buried. It happens, for example, where a tectonic plate is driving underneath another one, taking rocks ever deeper as it descends. It can happen in the central area of a plate that is stretching and sagging, allowing thick accumulations of sediment. It’s pretty self-evident that as buried material gets deeper, because of the growing weight of rocks above bearing down due to gravity, it becomes subjected to increasing burial pressure. Less intuitive, though, is the fact that this pressure acts on a volume of rock equally in all directions. Imagine a small volume of rock at depth. It’s bearing the weight of the rocks above it, and so it responds by trying to move downward and to spread out laterally. Of course, it can’t because it’s constrained all around by other volumes of rock that are trying to do exactly the same thing. And so the downward gravity is translated into an all-around pressure. It’s the same effect as diving down to the bottom of a swimming pool. You feel the increased pressure owing to the weight of water above, but you feel it equally in all directions. All-round pressure like this can cause things to change in volume, through changing their density, but it can’t change their shape. However, there can be another kind of pressure as well, and this does have direction, and it can cause change of shape. In the Earth, we call it tectonic stress. It comes about through heat-driven motions in the Earth, including the movement of tectonic plates.

scholarly journals Connection of large earthquakes occurring moment with the movement of the Sun and the Moon and with the Earth crust tectonic stress character

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1629-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Kachakhidze ◽  
R. Kiladze ◽  
N. Kachakhidze ◽  
V. Kukhianidze ◽  
G. Ramishvili
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Stress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. It is acceptable that earthquakes certain exogenous (cosmic) triggering factors may exist in every seismoactive (s/a) region and in Caucasus among them. They have to correct earthquake occurring moment or play the triggering role in case when the region is at the limit of the critical value of the geological medium of course. Our aim is to reveal some exogenous factors possible to initiate earthquakes, on example of Caucasus s/a region, taking into account that the region is very complex by the point of view of the tectonic stress distribution. The compression stress directed from North to South (and vice versa) and the spread stress directed from East to West (and vice versa) are the main stresses acted in Caucasus region. No doubt that action of the smallest external stress may "work" as earthquakes triggering factor. In the presented work the Moon and the Sun perturbations are revealed as initiative agents of earthquakes when the directions of corresponding exogenous forces coincide with the directions of the compression stress or the spreading tectonic stress in the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document