scholarly journals The long-term effects of the Amoco Cadiz oil spill

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Sea Birds ◽  
Stable Age Distribution ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
One Year

The supertanker Amoco Cadiz wrecked on the coast of northern Brittany in April 1978. The resulting spill of 223000 t of crude oil polluted some 360 km of rocky or sandy shores, salt marshes and estuaries. An immediate mortality impact was observed. Populations of bivalves, periwinkles, limpets, peracarid crustaceans, heart urchins and sea birds were the most severely affected. Populations of polychaete worms, large crustaceans and coastal fishes were less affected. Three to six generations (5—10 years for bivalves but up to 60 years for birds) may be necessary before populations retrieve their stable age distribution. Delayed effects on mortality, growth and recruitment were still observed up to 3 years after the spill. Estuarine flat fishes and mullets had reduced growth, fecundity and recruitment; they were affected by fin rot disease. Populations of clams and nematodes in the meiofauna declined one year after the spill. Weathered oil is still present in low-energy areas. Species with short life cycles tend to replace long-lived species. A fauna of cirratulid and capitellid polychaete worms now prevails in sandy to m uddy areas. For several clam populations, recruitment remains unstable. Three years after the spill it is still premature to decide how long it will take before populations and ecosystems reach their former or new equilibria.

Abstract 67: Effects of Single vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy on Long Term Stroke and Death After Carotid Endarterectomy

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Belkin ◽  
Alexander S Fairman ◽  
Benjamin M Jackson ◽  
Paul J Foley ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduces perioperative stroke, but increases bleeding after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The long term effects of antiplatelet therapy after CEA have yet to be studied. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing CEA in the national Vascular Quality Initiative database (2003-2018) was performed. Based on antiplatelet regimen at discharge, patients were propensity score matched on aspirin monotherapy vs. DAPT. Multivariable logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the long term effects of antiplatelet regimen on mortality and stroke/TIA. Results: Of the 72,122 patients undergoing CEA, 64.6% were discharged on aspirin, and 35.4% on DAPT. The DAPT group had higher frequencies of comorbidities (COPD, HTN, CHF, smoking, diabetes) as well as atherosclerotic diseases (PAD, CAD, prior PCI, prior CABG). After propensity score matching, two groups of 8,722 patients with comparable comorbidities were formed. While unmatched Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the DAPT cohort to have higher mortality (p=0.001), this difference dissipated after matching. The resultant matched DAPT cohort did not differ from the aspirin group in one year stroke/TIA (1.7% vs. 1.6%, p=0.70), or mortality (3.1% vs. 3.3%, p=0.55). At 5 years, however, patients treated with DAPT did exhibit a mortality benefit (6.4% vs. 7.3%, p=0.02) with multivariable logistic regression identifying DAPT as an independent predictor of reduced mortality (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, p=0.04). Conclusions: Patients discharged on DAPT after CEA represent a significantly different cohort than those discharged on aspirin monotherapy. After propensity score matching, there was no difference at one year stroke/TIA or mortality outcomes, but DAPT was found to be protective against long-term mortality. Further study is warranted to investigate this finding.

Abstract 13947: The Acute and Long-term Effects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Aortic Stiffness and Hemodynamics

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Gardikioti ◽  
Dimitrios Terentes-printzios ◽  
Konstantinos Aznaouridis ◽  
George Latsios ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Valve Implantation

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a procedure that alters dramatically the hemodynamics in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who undergo this procedure. Hypothesis: We investigated the hypothesis that arterial properties and hemodynamics are affected immediately after TAVI as well as in the long-term. Methods: We enrolled 90 patients (mean age 80.2 ± 8.1 years, 50% males) with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI. Carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (cfPWV and baPWV) were used for the assessment of arterial stiffness. Augmentation index corrected for heart rate (AIx@75) and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) were measured non-invasively. Measurements were conducted at baseline, after the procedure (during hospitalization) and at 1 year. Results: Acutely after TAVI we observed a statistically significant increase in arterial stiffness (7.5 ± 1.5 m/s vs 8.4 ± 1.9 m/s, p=0.001 for cfPWV and 1,773 ± 459 cm/s vs 2,383 ± 645 cm/s, p<0.001 for baPWV) without a concomitant change in systolic blood pressure (Figure). One year later, arterial stiffness was still increased compared to pre-TAVI measurements (7.5 ± 1.5 m/s vs 8.7 ± 1.7 m/s, p<0.001 for cfPWV and 1,773 ± 459 cm/s vs 2,286 ± 575 cm/s, p<0.001 for baPWV). We also found a decrease in AIx@75 (32.2 ± 12.9 % vs 27.9± 8.4 %, p=0.016) after TAVI that was attenuated at 1-year follow-up (32.2 ± 12.9 % vs 29.8± 9.1 %, p=0.38). SEVR displayed an increase acutely after TAVI (131.2 ± 30.0 % vs 148.4± 36.1 %, p=0.002) and remained improved 1 year after the procedure (131.2 ± 30.0 % vs 146± 32.2 %, p=0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, shortly after TAVI the aorta exhibits a "stiffer" behavior in response to the acute change in hemodynamics, which settles in the long term. Our findings further elucidate the hemodynamic consequences of TAVI and may entail a prognostic role in this growing population.

The long-term effects of homeopathic treatment of chronic headaches: one year follow-up and single case time series analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Walach ◽  
T Lowes ◽  
D Mussbach ◽  
U Schamell ◽  
W Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
One Year

AbstractLittle is known about long-term effects of homeopathic treatment. Following a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of classical homeopathy in chronic headaches, we conducted a 1-year observational study of 18 patients following the double-blind phase, and a complete follow-up study of all trial participants. Eighteen patients received free treatment for daily diary data (frequency, intensity, duration of headaches) over the course of 1 y. All patients enrolled in the double-blind study were sent a 6-week headache diary, a follow-up questionnaire, a personality inventory and a complaint list. Eighty-seven, of the original 98 patients enrolled returned questionnaires, 81 returned diaries. There was no additional change from the end of the trial to the one-year follow-up. The improvement seen at the end of the 12-week trial was stable after 1 y. No differential effects according to treatment after the trial could be seen. Patients with no treatment following the trial had the most improvement after 1 y. Five of 18 patients can be counted responders according to ARIMA analysis of single-case time-series. Patients with double diagnoses and longer treatment duration tended to have clearer improvements than the rest of the patients. Approximately 30% of patients in homeopathic treatment will benefit after 1 y of treatment. There is no indication of a specific, or of a delayed effect of homeopathy.

scholarly journals Long Term Effects of Ploughing and Conservation Tillage Methods on Earthworm Abundance and Crumb Ratio

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Dekemati ◽  
Barbara Simon ◽  
Igor Bogunovic ◽  
Ivica Kisic ◽  
Katalin Kassai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cover Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tillage Methods

In addition to the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons, a combination of the two i.e., rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR), can also be observed in one year. The effects of the dry (D) and rainy (R) on soil are known, hence we hypothesized that the effects of the rainy-dry (RD) and dry-rainy (DR) periods on soil may differ from the former assessments. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of six tillage treatments (ploughing—P, disk tillage—DT, loosening—L, tine tillage (a deeper—T and a shallower—ST) and no-till—NT) on earthworm abundance and crumb ratio during a long-term research (16 years) on Chernozems. The results related to the four year-groups (D, R, RD, and DR) with different residue cover. Seven degrees of cover ratio (between 12.5% and 62.5%) were selected on stubbles. Higher cover ratio (≥52.5%) improved water conservation, increased earthworm abundance (31 and 41 ind m–2) and crumb (78 and 82%) ratio (p < 0.01). R year came first in the rank of water content and earthworm abundance and DR proved to be more favorable for crumb formation. Considering the rank of soil tillage treatments, ST takes first place in evaluation of soil water content (SWC) and crumb ratio, and NT for earthworm abundance.

Long-term effects of empathy training in surgery residents: a one year follow-up study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Phillips ◽  
Aine Lorie ◽  
John Kelley ◽  
Stacy Gray ◽  
Helen Riess
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Empathy Training ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Booster Sessions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
One Year

Objectives: This study is a 1-year follow-up investigation of the retention of the knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired after empathy training.Methods: Eight otolaryngology residents completed 5 assessment measures before and after empathy training and at 1-year. They attended a 90-minute focus group assessing clinical usefulness of the training, attitudes and factors that affect empathy.Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a positive response to the training and application of skills to clinical practices. Quantitative analyses suggest improvement in empathy after training was maintained at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05). Knowledge of the neurobiology and physiology of empathy remained significantly greater than before the training (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Qualitative data indicate that the training program was well-received and helpful and follow-up focus groups provided physicians with opportunities for self-reflection and support from peers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that improvement in self-reported empathy and objective knowledge of the neurobiology of emotions persist at 1-year follow-up. Accordingly, we recommend that empathy training and follow-up booster sessions become a standard component of residency training.

Positive evidence in second language acquisition: some long-term effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Trahey
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Adverb Placement ◽  
One Year ◽  
L1 Acquisition

It has been proposed (Krashen, 1981; 1982; 1985; Schwartz and Gubala- Ryzak, 1992; Schwartz, 1986; 1988; 1993) that L2 acquisition proceeds in essentially the same manner as L1 acquisition (the L1 = L2 position). That is, learners acquire underlying unconscious knowledge of a language (called lin guistic competence) simply by being exposed to the linguistic input (called primary linguistic data) in the environment. Instruction and error correction play no role in the development of competence in the L2. This article reports the long-term results of a study investigating the role of primary linguistic data in the acquisition of linguistic competence - in par ticular, the rules of adverb placement in English. This study examines the knowledge of adverb placement of 52 grade-6 francophone students (aver age age: 12 years, 2 months) learning English as a second language (ESL) in Québec schools. A year earlier, these subjects had been exposed over a two- week period to a flood of primary linguistic data on adverb placement in English. Immediately after the input flood, it was found that while the sub jects had learnt which adverb positions were grammatical in English, they still used positions which were ungrammatical in English but grammatical in the L1. The results of the follow-up test reported in this article reveal that one year after the input flood, the subjects' knowledge of adverb placement has not changed. They still use both the grammatical and the ungrammatical adverb positions, indicating that exposure to an abundance of primary lin guistic data on adverb placement did not lead to mastery of this structure. Possible explanations for these results and their implications for the L1 = L2 position are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects and Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure Treated with Tolvaptan: The AVCMA Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Akiomi Yoshihisa ◽  
Takayoshi Yamaki ◽  
Koichi Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kunii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Background.Diuresis is a major therapy for the reduction of congestive symptoms in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. We previously reported the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan compared to carperitide in hospitalized patients with ADHF. There were some reports of cardio- and renal-protective effects in carperitide; therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effects of tolvaptan and carperitide on cardiorenal function and prognosis.Methods and Results.One hundred and five ADHF patients treated with either tolvaptan or carperitide were followed after hospital discharge. Levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured before administration of tolvaptan or carperitide at baseline, the time of discharge, and one year after discharge. These data between tolvaptan and carperitide groups were not different one year after discharge. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that the event-free rate regarding all events, cardiac events, all cause deaths, and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure was not significantly different between tolvaptan and carperitide groups.Conclusions.We demonstrated that tolvaptan had similar effects on cardiac and renal function and led to a similar prognosis in the long term, compared to carperitide.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of using shooting straps on free-throw accuracy of young female basketball players

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Player ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Intervention Training ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

This study identified the short- and long-term effects of using a shooting strap on the accuracy of freethrows performed by U15 female basketball players during training and competition. Thirty six female<br>basketball player volunteers (aged 14.3±0.5 years) from the Lithuanian Schoolchildren Basketball League were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group used a shooting strap that immobilized movements of the supporting hand while shooting. The control group performed freethrows without any training aid. Learning and transfer of performance was assessed before and after the intervention training sessions (4-week intervention program applied 4 times per week), and on a retention test after one year. Results showed that: (a) free-throw accuracy was higher after one month and after one year of intervention than before the intervention training program in both practice and competition; (b) the experimental group scored better in practice and competition than the control group after one month and one year of the intervention; and (c) free-throw accuracy was higher during training sessions than during&nbsp;competition. The identified short-term and long-term improvements in free-throw shooting accuracy support the usage of shooting straps. The use of shooting straps and external assisting devices might allow adjusting programs of training to provide fluent free-throw accuracy progresses from youth to senior categories.

scholarly journals ONE-YEAR RESULTS OF BRACING FOR PATELLO-FEMORAL OSTEOARTHRITIS. PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
MATHEUS GARCIA LOPES MERINO ◽  
VICTOR MORALE ◽  
GUILHERME PEREIRA OCAMPOS ◽  
MARIA CÂNDIDA MIRANDA LUZO ◽  
OLAVO PIRES DE CAMARGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the long-term effects of a brace designed to stabilize the patellofemoral (PF) joint in comparison to a standard neoprene sleeve for the knee with patellar hole in patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA). Methods: 38 patients with PFOA and comorbidities received either a functional PF brace (Study Group, SG) or a neoprene sleeve for the knee (Control Group, CG). Both groups received clinical treatment to OA and comorbidities according to a program from the institution. Patients were evaluated with Western Ontario and MacMaster (WOMAC) and Lequesne questionnaires, 30-second chair stand test (30CST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), anthropometric measures and self-reported physical activity in minutes/week at inclusion, one, three and twelve months after placing the brace. X-Rays were taken to measure the angles. Results: At one year there was more abandonment in the CG without differences in weight and body mass index between groups during the study. The SG maintained improvements in Lequesne and WOMAC total and subsets during the year, whereas the CG returned to baseline values for pain, function and total (p < 0.01). TUG and 30CST results were always better in the study group without any clinically important improvement in both groups. Conclusion: Long-term use of functional brace added to self-management program improves pain and function in patients with PFOA. Level of Evidence II, Lesser quality RCT (eg, < 80% followup, no blinding, or improper randomization).

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