scholarly journals Role of Anthropogenic drivers in altering the forest community structure in a prime tiger habitat in central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Dasgupta ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Prafulla Bhamburkar ◽  
Rahul Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Central India ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Individual Tree

Tropical forests are complex systems with heterogenous community assemblages often threatened under conservation conflicts. Herbivory and disturbances affect the diversity and species assemblages within forest patches having different disturbance regimes. We studied the change in plant community composition and structure under a disturbance gradient in the tropical dry deciduous forest of the corridor area between Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger reserve of central India. We tested the hypothesis that the plant community will change along the proximity gradient from the human settlement depending on the anthropogenic stress. We sampled 183 nested quadrat plots to collect data on species abundance and various disturbance parameters. Density, diversity, and Importance Value Index were calculated from the collected data on species abundance and girth at breast height (GBH) of individual tree species. We did multivariate analysis to assess the changes in species assemblage along the disturbance gradients. We found 76% dissimilarity between the plant communities in the three disturbance gradients from near to far from the villages perpetrated by the difference in mean abundance of species like Tectona grandis, Terminalia sp, and Largerstroemia parviflora. The anthropogenic factors significantly influence the density and diversity of tree species and regeneration classes. We found the abundance of regeneration class increased along the distance from the villages. The study intensifies the need for proper management and conservative approach to preserve the minimum diversity of the forest patches for its structural and functional contiguity as a corridor in the central India's highly susceptible and intricate corridor framework.

scholarly journals Role of Anthropogenic drivers in altering the forest community structure in a prime tiger habitat in central India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Dasgupta ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Prafulla Bhamburkar ◽  
Rahul Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Central India ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Forest Patches

Tropical forests are complex systems with heterogenous community assemblages often threatened under anthropogenic disturbances and grazing. We studied the change in plant community composition and structure under a disturbance gradient in the tropical dry deciduous forest of the corridor area between Nagzira-Navegaon Tiger reserve of central India. We tested the hypothesis that the plant community will change along the proximity gradient from the human settlement depending on the anthropogenic stress. We sampled 183 nested quadrat plots to collect data on species abundance and various disturbance parameters. Density, diversity, and Importance Value Index were calculated and multivariate analysis was done to assess the changes in species assemblage along the disturbance gradients. We found 76% overall dissimilarity between the plant communities in the three distance classes perpetrated by the difference in mean abundance of species like Tectona grandis, Terminalia sp, and Largerstroemia parviflora. The anthropogenic factors influence the density and diversity of tree species and regeneration classes. We found the abundance of regeneration class increased along the distance from the villages. The study intensifies the need for proper management and conservative approach to preserve the diversity of the forest patches for its structural and functional contiguity as a corridor in the central India's highly susceptible and intricate corridor framework.

scholarly journals Phytosociological observations on tree species diversity of an urban tropical dry deciduous forest of central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1029-1138
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Dugaya ◽  
PV Kiran ◽  
Rajnish Kumar Singh ◽  
Manmeet Kaur ◽  
Pradeep Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Central India ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest

We analyzed phytosociological characteristics of a tropical dry deciduous forest located in an urban environment of Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) Campus in the capital city of Bhopal of Madhya Pradesh state, Central India. A Comparison has been made among the tree community characteristics during the years 1988, 2002 and 2020 in terms of tree species composition, stem density, basal area and Importance Value Index (IVI). At the time of establishment of the institute in 1988, the forest area resembleda degraded dry scrubland. Due to continuous care/protection, plantation activities, degraded forest recovered remarkably, ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general over most part of the campus. During last two decades, tree density increased from 319 to 525 stem ha-1 indicating an increase of 64% whereas basal area increased from 18470.79 cm2 ha-1 to 29782.31 cm2 ha-1,an increase of about 61%. Leguminaceae family represented 26.4% of the tree community followed by Combretaceae (11.76%). Shannon-Weiner index (1.31), Simpson index (0.93) and evenness index (0.85) are within the reported ranges for similar forest type of dry deciduous nature in India. Theresults of the presentstudy will help forest managers in conservation planning of urban tropical forest ecosystem of central India.

scholarly journals Ecological exploration of Kuwana forest: A tropical moist deciduous forest of eastern Terai, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omesh Bajpai ◽  
Shraddha Suman ◽  
Nirmala Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Lowland Forest

The present study was conducted in the Kuwana forest of Gonda forest division in Uttar Pradesh to explore its ecological inventories. Random stratified sampling was adopted to collect the basic information like frequency, density and abundance for the calculation of importance value index (IVI). On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) plot, three forest communities were identified and named as, Syzygium Lowland Forest (SLF), Shorea Miscellaneous Forest (SMF) and Mallotus Miscellaneous Forest (MMF). MMF community allowed the maximum 39 while SLF minimum 18 tree species growing in it. Conversely, SMF community showed higher heterogeneous tree diversity validated by lower Dominance index (0.088) and higher Simpson index (0.912). The values of these two indices were found very low in comparison with their range for tropical forests of India. On the otherhand the diversity indices (Shannon & Fisher alpha) was calculated as maximum (2.797 & 11.960 respectively) for MMF community, which indicates the existence of better tree diversity in this forest community. The higher values of Evenness & Equitability indices (0.646 & 0.859 respectively) for SMF community showed the more evenly distribution of tree species in this community.

scholarly journals An Operational Workflow of Deciduous-Dominated Forest Species Classification: Crown Delineation, Gap Elimination, and Object-Based Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong He ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
John Caspersen ◽  
Trevor Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Spectral Overlap ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Crown Delineation

Recent advances in remote sensing technology provide sufficient spatial detail to achieve species-level classification over large vegetative ecosystems. In deciduous-dominated forests, however, as tree species diversity and forest structural diversity increase, the frequency of spectral overlap between species also increases and our ability to classify tree species significantly decreases. This study proposes an operational workflow of individual tree-based species classification for a temperate, mixed deciduous forest using three-seasonal WorldView images, involving three steps of individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, non-forest gap elimination, and object-based classification. The process of species classification started with ITC delineation using the spectral angle segmentation algorithm, followed by object-based random forest classifications. A total of 672 trees was located along three triangular transects for training and validation. For single-season images, the late-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images achieve the overall accuracies of 0.46, 0.42, and 0.35, respectively. Combining the spectral information of the early-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images increases the overall accuracy of classification to 0.79. However, further adding the late-fall image to separate deciduous and coniferous trees as an extra step was not successful. Compared to traditional four-band (Blue, Green, Red, Near-Infrared) images, the four additional bands of WorldView images (i.e., Coastal, Yellow, Red Edge, and Near-Infrared2) contribute to the species classification greatly (OA: 0.79 vs. 0.53). This study gains insights into the contribution of the additional spectral bands and multi-seasonal images to distinguishing species with seemingly high degrees of spectral overlap.

scholarly journals SECTION-BASED TREE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR POINT CLOUD

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1001-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yao ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Individual Tree

The application of LiDAR data in forestry initially focused on mapping forest community, particularly and primarily intended for largescale forest management and planning. Then with the smaller footprint and higher sampling density LiDAR data available, detecting individual tree overstory, estimating crowns parameters and identifying tree species are demonstrated practicable. This paper proposes a section-based protocol of tree species identification taking palm tree as an example. Section-based method is to detect objects through certain profile among different direction, basically along X-axis or Y-axis. And this method improve the utilization of spatial information to generate accurate results. Firstly, separate the tree points from manmade-object points by decision-tree-based rules, and create Crown Height Mode (CHM) by subtracting the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from the digital surface model (DSM). Then calculate and extract key points to locate individual trees, thus estimate specific tree parameters related to species information, such as crown height, crown radius, and cross point etc. Finally, with parameters we are able to identify certain tree species. Comparing to species information measured on ground, the portion correctly identified trees on all plots could reach up to 90.65 %. The identification result in this research demonstrate the ability to distinguish palm tree using LiDAR point cloud. Furthermore, with more prior knowledge, section-based method enable the process to classify trees into different classes.

scholarly journals Study Of Plant Regeneration Potential In Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest In Northern India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K Mishra ◽  
Omesh Bajpai ◽  
Nayan Sahu ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Soumit K Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Tree Sapling

Regeneration patterns of species population can address climate change by adaptive evolution or by migrating association to survive in their favorable climate and finally decided to particular forest future. In this paper we examined the status of regeneration potential of tree species in tropical moist deciduous forest at Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Northern India. To investigate tree, sapling and seedling population distribution, we examine regeneration status in 145 random plots in study area. Total 74 plant species of 60 genera belonging to 32 families out of which 71 species of trees, 56 of seedlings and 60 of saplings were found in the forest. On the basis of importance value index Mallotus philippensis, Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini and Bombax ceiba have been found as dominant species in the study area. As far as the regeneration status is concerned, the maximum tree species (64%) have been found in good regeneration category. Significant variations in species richness and population density, between three life form (i. e. tree, sapling and seedling) have been found. In which only three new tree species Prosopis juliflora, Psidium guajava and Morus alba were added in sapling and seedling stage. It is major ecological concern that about 19 % economically important plant species like Madhuca longifolia, Terminalia elliptica, Buchanania cochinchinensis, some Ficus species etc. have been found in poor regeneration phage, whereas about 7% species found in no regeneration categories. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 153-163 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9218

Quantitative analysis of tree species in two community forests of Dolpa district, mid-west Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripu M Kunwar ◽  
Shiv P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana

Two community forests, Amaldapani and Juphal from Dolpa district, were selected for a study of quantitative analysis of tree flora. A total of 419 individual trees representing 16 species, 16 genera and 11 families were recorded. Total stand density and basal area were, respectively, 2100 trees ha-1 and 90 m2ha-1 in Amaldapani and 2090 tree ha-1 and 152 m2ha-1 in Juphal. Of the families, the Pinaceae was the most diverse, with 28 individuals representing five species and five genera, followed by the Rosaceae with three individuals representing two species and two genera. Pinus wallichiana, Abies spectabilis, Quercus semecarpifolia and Cedrus deodara had the highest importance value index and could therefore be considered the dominant species. Since the study area was diverse in tree population of conifers and deciduous forest tree species, it is essential to carry out further studies in order to establish conservation measures that will enhance local biodiversity. Key words: Vegetation, tree species, Pinus wallichiana, community forest, Dolpa Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 23-28, 2004

THE PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF EXTREME SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Relationship Of

A phytosociological analysis of the deciduous forest region of extreme southern Ontario is presented. One hundred and thirty-one stands were sampled quantitatively to determine the composition of the tree and sapling strata. A series of environmental characteristics were also measured or were carefully observed where measurement was impractical. The composition of the tree layer was expressed in terms of a series of importance values determined from measures of frequency, density, and dominance or basal area, on a relative basis, with the importance values for all trees in a stand summing to 300. An analysis of the relationship of the quantitative characteristics between all stands indicated the futility of the distinct association or distinct community approach to an understanding of forest ecological relationships in the region. An ordination of stands in relation to site moisture characteristics gave expression to the ecological tolerance of individual tree species and emphasized the continuous characteristics of forest patterns in the vegetational complex of the area.The forests of southern Ontario were related quantitatively to those of southern Wisconsin utilizing an index of regional influence based on overall importance for all tree species, in an attempt to interpret regional patterns within the Deciduous Forest Formation of North America.

scholarly journals Forest migration outpaces tree species range shift across North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Abbasi ◽  
Christopher Woodall ◽  
Javier Gamarra ◽  
Thomas Ochuodho ◽  
Sergio de-Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Geographic Ranges

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that geographic ranges of tree species worldwide are shifting under global environmental change, but little is known about forest migration—the shift in the geographic ranges of forest types—and how it differs from individual tree species migration. Here, based on in situ records of more than 9 million trees from 596,282 sample plots, we quantified and compared the migration patterns of forests and tree species across North America between 1970 and 2019. On average, forests migrated at a mean velocity of 205.2 km per decade, which is twice as fast as species-level migration (95.6 km per decade), and 12 times faster than the average of previous estimates (16.3 km per decade). Our findings suggest that as subtle perturbations in species abundance can aggregate to change an entire forest from one type to another, failing to see the forest for the trees may result in a gross underestimation of the impacts of global change on forest ecosystem functioning and services. With the first forest classification and quantification of forest migration patterns at a continental level, this study provides an urgently needed scientific basis for a new paradigm of adaptive forest management and conservation under a rapid forest migration.

scholarly journals Tree species diversity, distribution and population structure in a tropical dry deciduous forests of Chhatisgarh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaman Lal ◽  
Lalji Singh ◽  
Varun Attri ◽  
S. Sarvade
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Plantation Forests

Tree species diversity, distribution and population structure of tropical forests of Bharnawapara wildlife sanctuary was investigated. The study analyzed the structure of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Chhatisgarh at different sites i.e. closed natural forest, open natural forest and plantation forests of teak. The study was conducted by laying 30 quadrats, each 10 m × 10 m in size at different sites. In total, 246 trees belonging to 28 species of 17 families were recorded from 0.3 ha sampling area. Density ranged between 520 to 990 trees ha-1 subsequently, basal area ranged between 21.50 to 47.30 m2 ha-1. The dominant tree species was Cleistanthus collinus with an importance value index (IVI) of 57.70. Other important species were Terminalia tometosa (IVI 47.10), Lagerstroemia parviflora (36.92), Diospyros melanoxylon (28.42) and Madhuca indica(26.03). The Shannon-Wiener index (H′) ranged between 0.19 to 3.35 and Simpson’s index (C) between 0.12 to 0.95 indicating high tree species diversity of tropical dry deciduous forests. It is evident from the study that natural forest has an edge over plantation forest in terms of species diversity, dominance and richness. Tree species diversity, distribution and population structure provide baseline information for conservation and management of tropical dry deciduous forests in India. Efforts are needed to conserve the natural forest for their diversity and existence. They can also be supplemented with plantation forests to lower the biotic pressure.

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