scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Jessica K Bone ◽  
John J Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown reduced physical activity at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of investigation on longitudinal changes in physical activity beyond lockdowns and stay at home orders. Moreover, it is unclear if there is heterogeneity in physical activity growth trajectories. This study aimed to explore longitudinal patterns of physical activity and factors associated with them.MethodsData were from the UCL COVID -19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 35,915 adults in England who were followed up for 22 weeks from 24th March to 23rd August 2020. Data were analysed using growth mixture models.FindingsOur analyses identified six classes of growth trajectories, including three stable classes showing little change over time (62.4% in total), two classes showing decreasing physical activity (28.6%), and one class showing increasing physical activity over time (9%). A range of factors were found to be associated the class membership of physical activity trajectories, such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, and health.InterpretationThere is substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a substantial proportion of our sample showed persistent physical inactivity or decreasing physical activity. Given the well-established linked between physical activity and health, persistent or increased physical inactivity is likely to have both immediate and long-term implications for people’s physical and mental health, as well as general wellbeing. More efforts are needed to promote physical activity during the pandemic and beyond.FundingNuffield Foundation, UK Research and Innovation, Wellcome Trust

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Jessica K. Bone ◽  
John J. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

AbstractRecent studies have shown reduced physical activity at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of investigation on longitudinal changes in physical activity beyond lockdowns and stay-at-home orders. Moreover, it is unclear if there is heterogeneity in physical activity growth trajectories. This study aimed to explore longitudinal patterns of physical activity and factors associated with them. Data were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 35,915 adults in England who were followed up for 22 weeks from 24th March to 23rd August 2020. Data were analysed using growth mixture models. Our analyses identified six classes of growth trajectories, including three stable classes showing little change over time (62.4% in total), two classes showing decreasing physical activity (28.6%), and one class showing increasing physical activity over time (9%). A range of factors were found to be associated the class membership of physical activity trajectories, such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, and health. There is substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a substantial proportion of our sample showed persistent physical inactivity or decreasing physical activity. Given the well-established link between physical activity and health, persistent or increased physical inactivity is likely to have both immediate and long-term implications for people’s physical and mental health, as well as general wellbeing. More efforts are needed to promote physical activity during the pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in home-based arts engagement during and following the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Hei Wan Mak ◽  
Jessica K Bone ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Social Study ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Arts Engagement ◽  
Over Time

Aims: This study aimed to examine potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in home-based arts engagement during the first national lockdown and following gradual easing of restrictions in the UK. Further, it sought to explore factors that were associated with patterns of longitudinal changes in home-based arts engagement. Methods: Data were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 29,147 adults in the UK who were followed up for 22 weeks from 21st March to 21st August 2020. Data were analysed using growth mixture models. Results: Our analyses identified five classes of growth trajectories. There were two stable classes showing little change in arts engagement over time (64.4% in total), two classes showing initial increases in arts engagement followed by declines as restrictions were eased (29.8%), and one class showing slight declines during strict lockdown followed by an increase in arts engagement after the easing of restrictions (5.9%). A range of factors were found to be associated with class membership of these arts engagement trajectories, such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, and health. Conclusions: There is substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in home-based arts engagement. For participants whose engagement changed over time, growth trajectories of arts engagement were related to changes in lockdown measures. These findings suggest that some individuals may have drawn on the arts when they needed them the most, such as during the strict lockdown period, even if they usually had lower levels of arts engagement before the pandemic. Overall, our results indicate the importance of promoting arts engagement during pandemics and periods of lockdown as part of public health campaigns.

scholarly journals Implications of parental lifestyle changes and education level on adolescent offspring weight: a population based cohort study - The HUNT Study, Norway

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Naess ◽  
Erik R Sund ◽  
Turid Lingaas Holmen ◽  
Kirsti Kvaløy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveObesity tends to cluster in families reflecting both common genetics and shared lifestyle patterns within the family environment. The aim of this study was to examine whether parental lifestyle changes over time, exemplified by changes in weight and physical activity, could affect offspring weight in adolescents and if parental education level influenced the relationship.Design, setting and participantsThe population-based cohort study included 4424 parent-offspring participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Exposition was parental change in weight and physical activity over 11 years, and outcome was offspring weight measured in z-scores of body mass index (BMI) in mixed linear models.ResultsMaternal weight reduction by 2–6 kg was significantly associated with lower offspring BMI z-scores: −0.132 (95% CI −0.259 to −0.004) in the model adjusted for education. Parental weight change displayed similar effect patterns on offspring weight regardless of parents’ education level. Further, BMI was consistently lower in families of high education compared with low education in the fully adjusted models. In mothers, reduced physical activity level over time was associated with higher BMI z-scores in offspring: 0.159 (95% CI 0.030 to 0.288). Associations between physical activity change and adolescent BMI was not moderated by parental education levels.ConclusionLifestyle changes in mothers were associated with offspring BMI; reduced weight with lower—and reduced physical activity with higher BMI. Father’s lifestyle changes, however, did not significantly affect adolescent offspring’s weight. Overall, patterns of association between parental changes and offspring’s BMI were independent of parental education levels, though adolescents with parents with high education had lower weight in general.

The Invisible Employee: University Housekeeping Employees’ Perceptions of Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhibha M. Das ◽  
Melanie Sartore-Baldwin ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Workplace Setting ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Pay

Background:A significant literature links race and socioeconomic status with physical inactivity and negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore physical activity (PA) perceptions of an underserved, lower socioeconomic minority sector of the workforce.Methods:Two focus groups were conducted to examine university housekeepers’ perceptions of physical activity. Demographic and anthropometric data were also obtained.Results:Participants (N = 12; 100% female, 100% African-American) overwhelmingly associated PA with traditional exercise (eg, going to a gym). The most important barrier to PA was the perception of being active on the job, thus not needing to do leisure time PA. The most important perceived benefit to PA was improvement of physical and mental health. Employees perceived that a university investment in employees’ health might improve morale, especially within low-pay employee sectors where low levels of job satisfaction may be present.Conclusions:Although perceived benefits to PA in this population are consistent with other employee sectors, perceived barriers to PA may be unique to this sector of the workforce. PA promotion programs should focus on providing resources as well as guidelines that demonstrate the need for PA outside of the workplace setting. Such programs may improve employee health, morale, and productivity.

scholarly journals Relationship Over Time Between Psychological Distress and Physical Activity in Colorectal Cancer Survivors

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1600-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne K. Chambers ◽  
Brigid M. Lynch ◽  
Joanne Aitken ◽  
Peter Baade
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Survivors ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Increased physical activity in patients with colorectal cancer is related to improved recurrence-free and overall survival. Psychological distress after cancer may place patients at risk of reduced physical activity, but paradoxically may also act as a motivator for lifestyle change. The relationship between psychological distress and physical activity after cancer over time has not been described. Methods A prospective survey of 1,966 (57% response) colorectal cancer survivors assessed the psychological distress variables of anxiety, depression, somatization, and cancer threat appraisal as predictors of physical activity at 5, 12, 24, and 36 months postdiagnosis; 978 respondents had valid data for all time points. Results Higher somatization was associated with greater physical inactivity (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.2) and insufficient physical activity (RRR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.0). Respondents with a more positive appraisal of their cancer were significantly (P = .031) less likely to be inactive (RRR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.0) or insufficiently active (RRR = 0.96). Fatigued and obese respondents and current smokers were more inactive. Respondents whose somatization increased between two time periods were less likely to increase their physical activity over the same period (P < .001). Respondents with higher anxiety at one time period were less likely to have increased their activity at the next assessment (P = .004). There was no association between depression and physical activity. Conclusion Cancer survivors who experience somatization and anxiety are at greater risk of physical inactivity. The lack of a clear relationship between higher psychological distress and increasing physical activity argues against distress as a motivator to exercise in these patients.

scholarly journals Growth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1484
Author(s):  
Brianne Tomaszewski ◽  
Leann Smith DaWalt ◽  
Samuel L Odom
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Over Time

This study examined growth trajectories of teacher-reported adaptive behavior in a diverse sample of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The participants were 244 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 21 years who were assessed at up to four time points across two and a half years of high school. Demographic variables (age, sex, race, maternal education), phenotypic characteristics (intelligence quotient, autism severity) and school factors (location of the school, school quality) were collected. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct classes of growth trajectories in communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains of adaptive behavior. Two distinct classes were identified for each domain. The first class had moderately low adaptive behavior scores and demonstrated growth of adaptive behavior over time and the second class had low adaptive behavior scores and did not demonstrate change over time. Adolescents within the moderately low adaptive behavior classes were younger at enrollment in the study, had higher IQs, and lower autism symptom severity. Logistic regressions were performed, and aspects of school quality predicted the likelihood of being in the moderately low classes above and beyond autism symptoms.

An exploration of the association between frailty and muscle fatigue

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Theou ◽  
Gareth R. Jones ◽  
Tom J. Overend ◽  
Marita Kloseck ◽  
Anthony A. Vandervoort
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Established Relationship

Frailty is increasingly recognized as a geriatric syndrome that shares common biomedical determinants with rapid muscle fatigue: aging, disease, inflammation, physical inactivity, malnutrition, hormone deficiencies, subjective fatigue, and changes in neuromuscular function and structure. In addition, there is an established relationship between muscle fatigue and core elements of the cycle of frailty as proposed by Fried and colleagues (sarcopenia, neuroendocrine dysregulation and immunologic dysfunction, muscle weakness, subjective fatigue, reduced physical activity, low gait speed, and weight loss). These relationships suggest that frailty and muscle fatigue are closely related and that low tolerance for muscular work may be an indicator of frailty phenotype.

scholarly journals Volume and accumulation patterns of physical activity and sedentary time: longitudinal changes and tracking from early to late childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L Downing ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Anna Timperio ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Alison Carver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Breaks In Sedentary Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) decreases and sedentary time (SED) increases across childhood, with both behaviours tracking. However, no studies have examined how accumulation patterns of PA and SED (i.e., prolonged bouts, frequency of breaks in sedentary time) change and track over time. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in and tracking of total volume and accumulation patterns of SED, light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) among boys and girls. Methods In 2008/09 (T1), children in HAPPY (3-5y; n = 758) in Melbourne, Australia wore ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers to objectively assess SED, LPA, MPA and VPA. This was repeated at age 6-8y (T2; n = 473) and 9-11y (T3; n = 478). Ten pattern variables were computed: bouts of ≥ 5-, ≥ 10-, ≥ 15- and ≥ 20-min for SED, ≥ 1- and ≥ 5-min for LPA, ≥ 1-min for MPA, ≥ 1- and ≥ 5-min for VPA, and breaks in SED (interruptions of > 25 counts 15 s− 1). Longitudinal mixed models examined changes from T1-3, controlling for T1 age. Generalized estimating equations assessed tracking over the three time points, controlling for T1 age and time between measurements. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results Total volume and bouts of SED and SED breaks increased, while total volume and bouts of LPA decreased for both sexes. There was a small decrease in total volume of MPA for girls, but time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increased for both sexes. Total volume of VPA increased for both sexes, with time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increasing for boys only. All volume and pattern variables tracked moderately for boys, except for all SED bouts ≥ 15-min, LPA bouts ≥ 5-min and MPA bouts ≥ 1-min (which tracked weakly). For girls, total SED and SED bouts ≥ 1-min tracked strongly, total volume of LPA, MPA and VPA, ≥ 5- and ≥ 10-min SED bouts, and ≥ 1-min LPA and MPA bouts tracked moderately, and SED breaks, all SED bouts ≥ 15 min, LPA bouts ≥ 5 min and all VPA bouts tracked weakly. Conclusions Patterns of SED and PA change from early to late childhood; with the exception of SED breaks and VPA, changes were detrimental. Total volumes and short bouts tended to track more strongly than longer bouts. Interventions to prevent declines in PA and increases in SED are important from early in life.

scholarly journals Physical activity of individuals with Parkinson’s in social isolation before and during the pandemic COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jéssica Amaro Moratelli ◽  
Anelise Sonza ◽  
Aline Nogueira Haas ◽  
Elren Passos-Monteiro ◽  
Clynton Lourenço Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

The world has been hit by a pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID 19), which has resulted in government recommendations and measures including social isolation to reduce the spread of the disease. In view of these recommendations, there were drastic changes in lifestyle, impacting the physical and mental health of men and women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the practice of physical activity, according to sex, in individuals with Parkinson’s disease in social isolation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional observational study, based on an online questionnaire validated for individuals with Parkinson’s disease PAFPA/COVID19, in which 156 individuals of both sexes and degrees of the disease (I to V) were allocated, with a mean age of 63.70 ± 11.00 years and from different Brazilian regions. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and binary logistic regression tests were used. It is observed that 92% of the participants  were in social isolation, which caused negative effects on the level of physical activity of the participants, even though most of them doing physical activity online. In addition, it was found that those who participated in specific exercise programs for Parkinson’s disease, are less likely to be insufficiently active, as well as individuals who receive online guidance. Although social isolation is a necessary measure to combat COVID-19, the results show a negative effect of this social isolation on the parameters of physical activity in this population in different regions of Brazil. This suggests that better strategies for health promotion in order to increase levels of physical activity at home are necessary to reduce the physical inactivity lifestyle during the pandemic, in order to prevent diseases associated with social isolation and physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Change in Perceived Stress and Health Behaviors of Emerging Adults in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara J LaCaille ◽  
Stephanie A Hooker ◽  
Elaine Marshall ◽  
Rick A LaCaille ◽  
Rhea Owens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
First Year Of College ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruptions, restrictions, and concerns about physical and mental health. Emerging adulthood, including the first year of college, is associated with declines in healthy eating and physical activity, as well as possible heightened distress. The impact of COVID-19 may exacerbate these concerns. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine changes in health behaviors and perceived stress in emerging adults over the first year of college and to determine whether prepandemic health behaviors were protective for mental health and stress during the initial changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods First-year college students (N = 234, 58.6% female) completed three surveys during their first year of school, the third being after the onset of COVID-19 and during a stay-at-home order. At Time 3, we also assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Using linear mixed modeling, sedentary time increased and physical activity decreased over time, but 20%–35% of students reported improvements in these behaviors. Dietary changes appeared mixed, with some improvements noted early during COVID-19. Perceived stress increased over time. Multiple regression indicated that of the health behaviors examined for protective effects on mental health and stress during the pandemic, only diet quality emerged as a significant predictor. Conclusions Although notable declines in some health habits were observed over time, including following COVID-19 disruptions, some students reported improved health behaviors. Efforts should be directed at identifying and intervening with students most at risk for poor functioning.

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