scholarly journals Phylogenomic study of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus clinical isolates from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Montelongo ◽  
Carine R Mores ◽  
Catherine Putonti ◽  
Alan Wolfe ◽  
Alaa Abouelfetouh

Antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus infections are a global concern, with increasing cases of resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus found circulating in the Middle East. While extensive surveys have described the prevalence of resistant infections in Europe, Asia, and North America, the population structure of resistant staphylococcal Middle Eastern clinical isolates is poorly characterized. We performed whole genome sequencing of 56 S. aureus and 10 S. haemolyticus isolates from Alexandria Main University Hospital. Supplemented with additional publicly available genomes from the region (34 S. aureus and 6 S. haemolyticus), we present the largest genomic study of staphylococcal Middle Eastern isolates. These genomes include 20 S. aureus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types and 9 S. haemolyticus MLSTs, including 3 and 1 new MLSTs, respectively. Phylogenomic analyses of each species core genome largely mirrored MLSTs, irrespective of geographical origin. The hospital-acquired spa t037/SCCmec III/MLST CC8 clone represented the largest clade, comprising 22% of S. aureus isolates. Similar to other regional genome surveys of S. aureus, the Middle Eastern isolates have an open pangenome, a strong indicator of gene exchange of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes with other reservoirs. We recommend stricter implementation of antibiotic stewardship and infection control plans in the region.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine R. Mores ◽  
Cesar Montelongo ◽  
Catherine Putonti ◽  
Alan J. Wolfe ◽  
Alaa Abouelfetouh

Staphylococci can cause a wide array of infections that can be life threatening. These infections become more deadly when the isolates are antibiotic resistant and thus harder to treat. Many resistance determinants are plasmid-mediated; however, staphylococcal plasmids have not yet been fully characterized. In particular, plasmids and their contributions to antibiotic resistance have not been investigated within the Arab states, where antibiotic use is not universally regulated. Here, we characterized the putative plasmid content among 56 Staphylococcus aureus and 10 Staphylococcus haemolyticus clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt. Putative plasmid sequences were detected in over half of our collection. In total, we identified 72 putative plasmid sequences in 27 S. aureus and 1 S. haemolyticus isolates. While these isolates typically carried one or two plasmids, we identified one isolate—S. aureus AA53—with 11 putative plasmids. The plasmid sequences most frequently encoded a Rep_1, RepL, or PriCT_1 type replication protein. As expected, antibiotic resistance genes were widespread among the identified plasmid sequences. Related plasmids were identified amongst our clinical isolates; homologous plasmids present in multiple isolates clustered into 11 groups based upon sequence similarity. Plasmids from the same cluster often shared antibiotic resistance genes, including blaZ, which is associated with β-lactam resistance. Our analyses suggest that plasmids are a key factor in the pathology and epidemiology of S. aureus in Egypt. A better characterization of plasmids and the role they contribute to the success of Staphylococci as pathogens will guide the design of effective control strategies to limit their spread.


2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Chuntima Tiensasitorn ◽  
Mantana Jamklang ◽  
Piriyaporn Chongtrakool ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT We identified a new type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) from two community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The novel element, designated type IV SCCmec, had a unique combination of the class B mec gene complex and the type 2 ccr gene complex and was much smaller in size (21 to 24 kb) than previously identified SCCmec elements of hospital-acquired MRSA. Consistent with the strains' susceptibilities to various non-β-lactam antibiotics, the type IV SCCmec was devoid of any antibiotic resistance genes other than the mecA gene.


2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Doss ◽  
S. Parvathi ◽  
B. Appala Raju ◽  
N. Abitha Devi

Pseudomonas aeruginosais one of the major causes of infections including the hospital acquired (Nosocomial) infections. Detection of them and their antibiotic resistance profile by conventional method takes about three days. Recently, DNA based diagnostic methods are being used for the identification of the pathogens. Hence we have tested a rapid and sensitive method using DNA sequences as markers for detecting the presence of three genes coding for the enzymes that inactivate the two most commonly used Anti-pseudomonadal drugs such as β-lactam antibiotics (Penicillin, and its derivatives) and Aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Streptomycin. The internal region of these genes were used for designing and synthesizing primers and these primers were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to screen for the presence of these genes in the clinical isolates and to label them non-radioactively with Biotin. They in turn were used to detect the presence of the antibiotic resistance genes in the clinical isolates by hybridization. The specificity (ratio of positive results obtained in both methods and the sensitivity (the minimum amount of sample DNA and the labeled probe required for the tests) were evaluated.


2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouchan Rymzhanova ◽  
Michelle Thouverez ◽  
Daniel Talon ◽  
Xavier Bertrand

We evaluated the usefulness of adding weekly methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) screening to our established admission screening and clinical sampling in 4 acute care units of a university hospital. Our results suggest that weekly MRSA screening allows the detection of 56.1% of all cases of hospital-acquired MRSA carriage. These cases would have remained undetected had admission screening and clinical sampling been the only types of surveillance in place.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Cockfield ◽  
Smriti Pathak ◽  
Jonathan D. Edgeworth ◽  
Jodi A. Lindsay

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-strain microarray analysis have shown that most human Staphylococcus aureus strains belong to ten dominant clonal complexes (CCs) or lineages, each with unique surface architecture. Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains currently belong to six of these lineages (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45), each of which has independently acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antibiotic resistance genes. MLST and microarrays are expensive and time consuming methods for routine determination of S. aureus lineage. A restriction-modification (RM) test has now been developed that is rapid, simple, inexpensive and accurately determines lineage of hospital-acquired MRSA. The RM test is based on three PCRs for hsdS gene variants, as hsdS genes likely control the independent evolution of S. aureus lineages. The RM test correctly identified 102 MRSA isolates as belonging to one of the six lineages/CCs. Real-time MRSA typing can be used to identify and track changes in local MRSA outbreaks, and provide support for targeting infection control strategies. Simple and accurate typing methods will also support large scale epidemiological studies, and could lead to greater understanding of the carriage, spread and virulence of different MRSA lineages.


Author(s):  
Tomasz Hauschild ◽  
Paweł Sacha ◽  
Piotr Wieczorek ◽  
Marta Zalewska ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczyńska ◽  
...  

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