Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is a major comorbidity observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI scores) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included; however, articles published before 1990 and after the end of 2020 were excluded. Results: The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. two abstract conference papers were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. (95% CI: [19.7%, 35.4%]) Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group (SMD=-1.00; 95% CI: [-1.44, -0.56]), and the level of Threshold (SMD= -0.47; 95% CI: [-0.75, -0.19]), Discrimination (SMD=-0.53; 95% CI: [-0.96, -0.10]), and Identification (SMD=-1.02; 95% CI: [-1.36, -0.68]) per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review shows that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.

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Prevalence of dysphagia in patients with multiple sclerosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2021.06.07.21258473 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omid Mirmosayyeb ◽

Narges Ebrahimi ◽

Arman Shekarian ◽

Sara Bagherieh ◽

Alireza Afshari-Safavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Self Report ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Screening Strategies ◽

Conference Papers

Objectives: Dysphagia is a major comorbidity observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of dysphagia in patients with MS. Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, reviews studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to February 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of dysphagia among MS patients were included; however, articles with self-report screening strategies were excluded. Results: The literature search found 1993 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 1272 articles remained. Sixteen abstract conference papers were included for final analysis. A total of 10846 MS cases and 4913 MS patients with dysphagia included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of dysphagia in the included studies was 45.3% (95% CI: [40.7%-50%]) Conclusion: The results of this systematic review shows that the prevalence of dysphagia in MS patients is 45% which is greatly higher compared to the general population.

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The global prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-250607/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naeim Ehtesham ◽

Maryam Zare Rafie ◽

Meysam Mosallaei

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Multifactorial Diseases ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Background: Considering that familial multiple sclerosis (FMS) can reveal the extent to which genetic and environmental factors each involve in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, we performed an updated meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of FMS by addition of recent publications. Methods: A search in PubMed, Scopus, the ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 20 December 2020 was done. The inclusion criteria were based on the CoCoPop approach (condition, context, and population). The qualified studies entered the process of the meta-analysis by using comprehensive meta-analysis ver. 2 software.Results: The pooled prevalence of MS in relatives of 16179 FMS cases was estimated to be 11.8% (95% CI: 10.7-13) based on a random-effects model. The pooled mean age of disease onset in adult probands was calculated to be 28.7 years (95% CI: 27.2± 30.2). In 13 studies that reported the data of FMS in pediatrics (n=6636) and adults (n=877), the FMS prevalence was 10.8% (95% CI: 8.1-14.2) and 15.5% (95% CI: 13.8-17.4), respectively. Considering the data of 9 studies, the prevalence of FMS in males (n=5243) and females (n=11503) patients was calculated to be 13.7% (95% CI: 10.1-18.2) and 15.4% (95% CI: 10.3-22.4), respectively. The odds ratio of male/female in FMS cases was not statistically significant (OR= 0.9; 95% CI: 0.6-1.2, P=0.55). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the prevalence of FMS between the geographical areas (P= 0.007). The meta-regression model for FMS prevalence was significantly lower in terms of higher latitude (P< 0.001) and increased MS prevalence (P< 0.001). In contrast, meta-regression based on prevalence day was not statistically significant (P=0.29).Conclusions: The prevalence of FMS is more in the pediatric group than that of adults, is distinct between geographical areas, and diminishes with the increment of MS prevalence and latitude. Also, the symptoms initiate relatively at lower ages in FMS cases. By contrast with multifactorial diseases, our analysis unveiled that the prevalence of FMS was not more prevalent in men than women and the risk of MS development in relatives was not more when the affected proband was male.

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Correlation between disability measure and Black Hole (T1 hypointense lesion) lesion load in brain magnetic resonance imaging of patients with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-194103/v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Valizadeh ◽

Elham Barati ◽

Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽

Mohammad Reza Fattahi ◽

Mana Moassefi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Citation Index ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Lesion Load

Abstract Rationale: As the role of neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has become more prominent, the formation and evolution of chronic or persistent T1-hypointense lesions (Black Holes) have been used as markers of axonal loss and neuronal destruction to measure disease activity. However, findings regarding this subject are controversial. In this study we aim to clarify the level of importance of T1 hypointense lesions for estimating the prognosis of patients.Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between T1 hypointensities (Black holes) lesion load (lesion mean volume) on brain MRI with disability level of patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) or Secondary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS).Data sources: We will search MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL, Science Citation Index – Expanded (Web of Science), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (Web of Science). We won’t consider any timeframe, language, or geographical restrictions.Methods: Standard systematic review protocol methodology is employed. Eligibility criteria is reported in line with PICOTS system. Population is limited to adult patients diagnosed with RRMS or SPMS, based on the McDonald criteria. Index (prognostic factor) of interest will be T1 hypointense (black hole) lesion mean volume (lesion load) on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There will be no comparators. Outcome of interest will be the disability measure using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). For the timing domain, we will include studies only if the outcome was measured at the same time MRI was performed (or with a very close time interval between). Inpatient and outpatient settings will both be included. All included studies will be assessed for the risk of bias using a tailored version of the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Extracted correlation coefficients will be converted to the Fisher’s z scale and a meta-analysis will be performed on the results. We will then convert back the results to correlation coefficients again for the sake of presentation. For the purpose of assessing heterogeneity we will use prediction intervals. If feasible, we will also try to perform subgroup and sensitivity analyses. We will also evaluate the publication bias using Funnel plots and assess the confidence in cumulative evidence using an adapted version of the GRADE for prognostic factor research.

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Prevalence of bipolar disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Evidence-Based Mental Health ◽

10.1136/ebmental-2020-300207 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. ebmental-2020-300207

Author(s):

Boney Joseph ◽

Aiswarya L Nandakumar ◽

Ahmed T Ahmed ◽

Neethu Gopal ◽

M Hassan Murad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Lifetime Prevalence ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Some studies suggest increased prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) in MS.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of BD in adults with MS.MethodsWe registered this review with PROSPERO and searched electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus) for eligible studies from earliest inception to October 2020. Prevalence data of BD in adult patients with MS were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model.FindingsOf the 802 articles that were screened, 23 studies enrolling a total of 68 796 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rate of BD in patients with MS was 2.95% (95% CI 2.12% to 4.09%) with higher prevalence in the Americas versus Europe. The lifetime prevalence of BD was 8.4% in patients with MS. Subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of BD in MS in females (7.03%) than in males (5.64%), which did not reach statistical significance (p=0.53).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests a high lifetime prevalence of BD in patients with MS. Patients with MS should be routinely screened for BD. Further assessment of bipolar comorbidity in MS through prospective studies may help in developing effective management strategies and may improve treatment outcomes in patients with MS.

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Behavioural symptoms and impairments in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458512439437 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Eija Rosti-Otajärvi ◽

Päivi Hämäläinen

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Subjective Symptoms ◽

Severe Mental Disorders ◽

Behavioural Symptoms

Behavioural problems are not well recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of behavioural symptoms and impairments in MS. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and COCHRANE. In total, 23 studies (1831 participants) were identified. Based on the literature search, behavioural symptoms and impairments are observed in MS. Aggression (23%), apathy (22%), euphoria (12%) and lack of insight (11%) were the most frequent symptoms, and adjustment disorder (17%) the most frequent impairment. Severe mental disorders are more infrequent than changes in behaviour, manner of reaction, and way of action. In conclusion the objective behavioural impairments and especially subjective symptoms are present in patients with MS. These manifestations should be taken into account in the diagnostics and treatment of the disease.

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Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and its Association with Maternal Employment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33296/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

GETU ENGIDA WAKE ◽

YOHANNES MOGES MITTIKU

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Maternity Leave ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Ethiopian Government ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the practice of providing only breast-milk for an infant for the first 6 months of life without addition of any other food or water, which recommends initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of life and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years of age or more. There are highly variable findings regarding the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Maternal employment is the most important factor contributing to the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its association with maternal employment in the context of Ethiopia.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases such as; PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal. Results: Forty-five studies were included in the final analysis after reviewing 751 studies in this meta-analysis yielding the pooled prevalence of EBF 60.42% (95% CI: 55.81-65.02%) in Ethiopia. The subgroup analysis showed the highest prevalence reported in a study conducted in SNNP and Tigray( 87.84%), a study published during (2015-2016) (64.60 %), and among studies with a sample size of less than 500 (64.15%). Those employed mothers were 57% less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to unemployed mothers in Ethiopia [OR] 0.43; 95% CI (0.31, 0.61).Conclusions: Maternal employment was significantly associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to their counterparts. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia is low in comparison to the global recommendation. Based On our findings, we recommended that the Ethiopian government should increase legislated paid maternity leave after delivery beyond current paid maternity leave and implement policies that empower women and create a conducive environment for mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding in the workplace.

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Characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.09.05.20189134 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tung Hoang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Case Series ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported the recurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among discharge patients. This study aimed to examine the characteristic of COVID-19 recurrence cases by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase and gray literature up to September 17, 2020. A random-effects model was applied to obtain the pooled prevalence of disease recurrence among recovered patients and the prevalence of subjects underlying comorbidity among recurrence cases. The other characteristics were calculated based on the summary data of individual studies.ResultsA total of 41 studies were included in the final analysis, we have described the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence cases. Of 3,644 patients recovering from COVID-19 and being discharged, an estimate of 15% (95% CI, 12% to 19%) patients was re-positive with SARS-CoV-2 during the follow-up. This proportion was 14% (95% CI, 11% to 17%) for China and 31% (95% CI, 26% to 37%) for Korea. Among recurrence cases, it was estimated 39% (95% CI, 31% to 48%) subjects underlying at least one comorbidity. The estimates for times from disease onset to admission, from admission to discharge, and from discharge to RNA positive conversion were 4.8, 16.4, and 10.4 days, respectively.ConclusionThis study summarized up-to-date evidence from case reports, case series, and observational studies for the characteristic of COVID-19 recurrence cases after discharge. It is recommended to pay attention to follow-up patients after discharge, even if they have been in quarantine.

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The Prevalence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli and Its Association With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.730243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Razie Kamali Dolatabadi ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Mehrdad Halaji ◽

Hossein Fazeli ◽

Peyman Adibi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Phylogenetic Grouping ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

And Control

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are known as chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. The present systematic review and meta analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates and their phylogenetic grouping among IBD patients compared with the controls. A systematic literature search was conducted among published papers by international authors until April 30, 2020 in Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The pooled prevalence of AIEC isolates and their phylogenetic grouping among IBD patients as well as in controls was estimated using fixed or random effects models. Furthermore, for estimating the association of colonization by AIEC with IBD, odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was reported. A total of 205 articles retrieved by the initial search of databases, 13 case–control studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta analysis. There were 465 IBD cases (348 CD and 117 UC) and 307 controls. The pooled prevalence of AIEC isolates were 28% (95% CI: 18–39%), 29% (95% CI: 20–40%), 13% (95% CI: 1–30%), and 9% (95% CI: 3–19%), respectively among IBD, CD, UC, and control group, respectively. Our results revealed that the most frequent AIEC phylogroup in the IBD, CD, and control groups was B2. Fixed-effects meta analysis showed that colonization of AIEC is significantly associated with IBD (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.90–4.52; P < 0.001) and CD (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.99–4.74; P < 0.001), but not with UC (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 0.81–6.51; P = 0.11). In summary, this meta analysis revealed that colonization by AIEC is more frequent in IBD and is associated with IBD (CD and UC). Our results suggested that the affects of IBD in patients colonized with the AIEC pathovar is not random, it is in fact a specific disease-related pathovar.

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Prevalence of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections among Iranian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v50i6.6412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arshid Yousefi Avarvand ◽

Mehrdad Halaji ◽

Donya Zare ◽

Meysam Hasannejad-Bibalan ◽

Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Single Center ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Iranian Children ◽

The Web

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen of children, mostly in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae among Iranian children using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search was carried out to identify papers published by Iranian authors in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases from January of 2010 to December of 2017. Then, seven publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. Results: Totally, one study was multicenter, and six were single-center based studies. Meanwhile, all of the included studied performed among hospitalized patients. Seven studies reported the prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae isolated from children, of these the pooled prevalence of S. pneumoniae was 2.5% (95% CI: 0.7%-9.1%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of invasive S. pneumoniae infections among Iranian children is low (2.5%). However, further clinical studies are required to elucidate the burden of infections among Iranian children, especially in eastern regions.

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Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ethiopia and its association with maternal employment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2019.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33572/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Getu Engida Wake ◽

Yohannes Moges Mittiku

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Maternity Leave ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Ethiopian Government ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding defined as the practice of providing only breast-milk for an infant for the first 6 months of life without the addition of any other food or water, which recommends initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of life and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years of age or more. Maternal employment is the most important factor contributing to the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding. However; the effect of maternal employment on exclusive breastfeeding is not investigated in Ethiopia. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane library were systematically searched. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. Results: thirty-six studies were included in the final analysis after reviewing 541 studies in this meta-analysis yielding the pooled prevalence of EBF 59.76% (95% CI: 54.84, 64.68) in Ethiopia.Those employed mothers were 57% less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to unemployed mothers in Ethiopia [OR] 0.43; 95% CI (0.3, 0.62).Conclusions: The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in this meta-analysis is low in comparison to the global recommendation of the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal employment was significantly associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to their counterparts. Based On our review findings, we recommended that the Ethiopian government should increase legislated paid maternity leave after delivery beyond current paid maternity leave and implement policies that empower women and create a conducive environment for mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding at the workplace.

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