scholarly journals COVID-19 Susceptibility, Mortality, and Length of hospitalization based on age-sex composition: Evidence from Davao Region Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical

The coronavirus disease is spreading continuously worldwide with an unprecedented amount of impact on every human society. In order to reduce the risks of infections and mortality, several interventions such as mobility restrictions for different age groups and vaccination prioritization programs are implemented in the Philippines. Identifying age-sex composition with greater susceptibility, longer hospitalization, and higher fatality is useful to guide the targeted intervention and establish risk stratification for patients infected with COVID-19 within communities and localities. Furthermore, it is also helpful in the allocation of medical resources and assessment of vaccination priority. We analyzed the COVID-19 data provided by the Davao Center for Health Development of the Department of Health Davao Region in the Philippines. The dataset contains records of COVID-19 cases reported from March 2020 to April 2021. Methods that were used include descriptive statistics, graphical presentations, and nonparametric statistical methods. The study reveals that male children and female senior citizens are the most susceptible age-sex composition while male senior citizen is the subgroup with the highest case fatality and mortality. Furthermore, regardless of sex groups, the senior citizen is the subgroup with the longest hospitalization. Susceptibility due to exposure should be included as a criterion in determining the age-sex compositions for vaccination priority against COVID-19 and other potentially deadly viruses. Further, Proper planning and allocation of medical resources for the elderly should be prioritized in the provincial levels.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 500 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients in a tertiary infectious disease referral hospital in Manila, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristal An Agrupis ◽  
Chris Smith ◽  
Shuichi Suzuki ◽  
Annavi Marie Villanueva ◽  
Koya Ariyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background The Philippines has been one of the most affected COVID-19 countries in the Western Pacific region, but there are limited data on COVID-19-related mortality and associated factors from this setting. We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and associations with mortality among COVID-19-confirmed individuals admitted to an infectious diseases referral hospital in Metro Manila. Main text This was a single-centre retrospective analysis including the first 500 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 individuals admitted to San Lazaro Hospital, Metro Manila, Philippines, from January to October 2020. We extracted clinical data and examined epidemiological and clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Of the 500 individuals, 133 (26.6%) were healthcare workers (HCW) and 367 (73.4%) were non-HCW, with HCW more likely presenting with milder symptoms. Non-HCW admissions were more likely to have at least one underlying disease (51.6% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.002), with hypertension (35.4%), diabetes (17.4%), and tuberculosis (8.2%) being the most common. Sixty-one (12.2%) died, comprising 1 HCW and 60 non-HCW (0.7% vs. 16.3%; p < 0.001). Among the non-HCW, no death occurred for the 0–10 years age group, but deaths were recorded across all other age groups. Compared to those who recovered, individuals who died were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), male (p = 0.015), report difficulty of breathing (p < 0.001), be HIV positive (p = 0.008), be intubated (p < 0.001), categorised as severe or critical (p < 0.001), have a shorter mean hospital stay (p < 0.001), or have an additional diagnosis of pneumonia (p < 0.001) or ARDS (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our analysis reflected significant differences in characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes between healthcare and non-healthcare workers. Despite the unique mix of cohorts, our results support the country’s national guideline on COVID-19 vaccination which prioritises healthcare workers, the elderly, and people with comorbidities and immunodeficiency states.

scholarly journals Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261061
Author(s):  
Diego Casas-Deza ◽  
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde ◽  
Angel Nicolás Aranda-Alonso ◽  
Enrique Montil-Miguel ◽  
Ana Belen Julián-Gomara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Age Related

Background Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. Methods The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. Results We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. Conclusion The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Philippine Hospital Resources as Predictors of the Case Fatality Rate of COVID – 19

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Barrion ◽  
Ray Patrick Basco ◽  
Kevin jamir Pigao
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Hospital Resources

In the heightened effects of the pandemic, health resources have been in constant limbo as supplies and availability of hospital resources take a toll as COVID-19 cases surge, resulting in shortages. Thus, health systems are overwhelmed, resulting in a higher fatality rate since the capacity to provide medical attention is diminished. In this paper, hospital resources refer to mechanical ventilators, ICU, isolation, and ward beds which are the critical factors of the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in the Philippines. Data were retrieved from the Department of Health (DOH) Case Bulletins from October 26, 2020, to June 30, 2021, with 248 total observations. This research used the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Multiple Regression to determine if hospital resources are the predictors of the case fatality rate of COVID-19. Furthermore, the results show a significant relationship between the hospital resources and the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the Philippines. This study can become a framework for further research concerned about hospital resources as the predictors of case fatality rates of different diseases in a pandemic.  

scholarly journals Estimating age-specific COVID-19 fatality risk and time to death by comparing population diagnosis and death patterns: Australian data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Fatality Risk ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Background Mortality is a key component of the natural history of COVID-19 infection. Surveillance data on COVID-19 deaths and case diagnoses are widely available in the public domain, but they are not used to model time to death because they typically do not link diagnosis and death at an individual level. This paper demonstrates that by comparing the unlinked patterns of new diagnoses and deaths over age and time, age-specific mortality and time to death may be estimated using a statistical method called deconvolution. Methods Age-specific data were analysed on 816 deaths among 6235 cases over age 50 years in Victoria, Australia, from the period January through December 2020. Deconvolution was applied assuming logistic dependence of case fatality risk (CFR) on age and a gamma time to death distribution. Non-parametric deconvolution analyses stratified into separate age groups were used to assess the model assumptions. Results It was found that age-specific CFR rose from 2.9% at age 65 years (95% CI:2.2 – 3.5) to 40.0% at age 95 years (CI: 36.6 – 43.6). The estimated mean time between diagnosis and death was 18.1 days (CI: 16.9 – 19.3) and showed no evidence of varying by age (heterogeneity P = 0.97). The estimated 90% percentile of time to death was 33.3 days (CI: 30.4 – 36.3; heterogeneity P = 0.85). The final age-specific model provided a good fit to the observed age-stratified mortality patterns. Conclusions Deconvolution was demonstrated to be a powerful analysis method that could be applied to extensive data sources worldwide. Such analyses can inform transmission dynamics models and CFR assessment in emerging outbreaks. Based on these Australian data it is concluded that death from COVID-19 occurs within three weeks of diagnosis on average but takes five weeks in 10% of fatal cases. Fatality risk is negligible in the young but rises above 40% in the elderly, while time to death does not seem to vary by age.

scholarly journals An observational study of Senior Citizen at Senior Citizen Home of Tanahun District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Poonam Pokhrel Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

Background: All countries have to face the population aging sooner depending on their degree of development; however, elderly care is predicted to soon become a major concern for developing countries such as Nepal. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted in a senior citizen home of Tanahun district. General health check­ up of the 30 elderly followed by 2 focus group discussion and one Kll with provider was done to know the status of elderly and their perception towards senior citizen home. Results: Majority of the elderly were abandoned by their family members due to financial sufferings, and some of them left their home in search of their own comfort zone. Majority of them got old aged allowance which is the only way of financial security. They were living happily in the home though they missed their family in some occasion because they could have spent their leisure time by sharing their emotions and feelings with same age groups. Conclusions: Concept of senior citizen home has to be broaden up from the living home of poor old people to relaxing comfort home for elderly. Good management and facility should be incorporated with multi disciplinary team to take care of elderly to spend dignified life in senior citizen home as well.

Incidence of surgery for chronic subdural hematoma in Finland during 1997–2014: a nationwide study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pihla Tommiska ◽  
Teemu Luostarinen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Miikka Korja ◽  
Kimmo Lönnrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Standard Population ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Age And Sex

OBJECTIVE The number of surgeries performed for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has increased. However, these changes have been poorly reported. The authors aimed to assess the national incidence of surgeries for CSDH in Finland during an 18-year time period from 1997 to 2014. They hypothesized that the incidence of CSDH surgeries has continued to increase, particularly among the elderly. METHODS A nationwide register-based follow-up study was performed using the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. All adult patients undergoing primary CSDH surgeries during 1997–2014 were included. The study population was followed up from the time of CSDH surgery until death or the end of follow-up on December 31, 2017. The incidences of CSDH surgery per 100,000 person-years were calculated separately in each age group and sex. Age standardization was performed for those 20 years of age and older with weights from the 2013 European Standard Population. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess changes in incidence rate ratios (IRRs) during the study period. RESULTS In total, 9280 patients were identified. The age-standardized incidence of CSDH surgery increased from 12.2 to 16.5 per 100,000 person-years during 1997–2014. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of CSDH surgery increased by 30% (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.20–1.41). The age- and sex-adjusted incidence increased more in the older age groups, with an IRR of 1.24 for those aged 60–69 years, 1.32 for those 70–79 years, 1.46 for those 80–89 years, and 1.85 for those aged 90 years or older. The adjusted incidence did not increase for those aged 18–59 years. The sex difference (2:1 men/women) was consistent throughout the study period, with a higher incidence among men. One year after the primary surgery, 19% of the population had a resurgery, and the 1-year case fatality rate was 15%. The median age of patients increased from 73 to 76 years. CONCLUSIONS During the past 2 decades, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence of CSDH surgery has increased in Finland, with major increases for those aged 60 years or older. This increase is likely to continue in parallel with the aging population and increased life expectancies.

scholarly journals Senior citizens in Nepal are in desperate need

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Nawa Raj Subba
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Government

This review paper looked at some of the most relevant material on senior citizens' issues. The study aimed to use secondary data analysis to determine the most pressing needs of senior citizens. The essay examined their current situation, problems, and needs. Nepal's elderly population is growing every year. They have not received adequate care from the government. The private sector made a considerable contribution to this endeavor. Both the government and the private sector have made efforts in this regard. They are currently battling to meet their basic requirements. Senior citizens not receiving adequate food and has disability mental illnesses are two of the several misfortunes listed in the research papers, both of which are public health concerns. They are in dire need of proper nutrition as well as mental health promotion. That is an area where both the government and the private sector can focus. COVID-19 has the highest Case Fatality Rate among elderly adults, and Nepalese senior citizens have a high mortality rate. The high mortality and fatality rates of COVID among the elderly have prompted policymakers to focus on senior citizens' health and living conditions. There are three tiers of government in Nepal. If they understand the issue, they will develop strategies and services to aid senior citizens. In this changing environment, the public and private sectors at various levels must enhance cooperation to improve the dreadful situation of senior citizens. Also, the importance of family in senior citizen care has grown in recent years.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kobus ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Common Cause

Introduction: In the elderly, impairment of kidney function occurs. Renal diseases overlap with anatomic and functional changes related to age-related involutionary processes. Mortality among patients with acute renal injury is approximately 50%, despite advances in treatment and diagnosis of AKI. The aim: To assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in elderly patients and to analyze the causes of acute renal failure depending on age. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized in the Nephrology Clinic during the 6-month period. During this period 452 patients were hospitalized in the clinic. A group of 77 patients with acute renal failure as a reason for hospitalization was included in the study. Results: The prerenal form was the most common cause of AKI in both age groups. In both age groups, the most common cause was dehydration; in the group of patients up to 65 years of age, dehydration was 29.17%; in the group of people over 65 years - 43.39%. Renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI was used in 14.29% of patients. In the group of patients up to 65 years of age hemodialysis was 16.67% and above 65 years of age. -13.21% of patients. The average creatinine level in the group of younger patients at admission was 5.16 ± 3.71 mg / dl, in the group of older patients 3.14 ± 1.63 mg / dl. The size of glomerular filtration GFR in the group of younger patients at admission was 21.14 ± 19.54 ml / min, in the group of older patients 23.34 ± 13.33 ml / min. Conclusions: The main cause of acute kidney injury regardless of the age group was dehydration. Due to the high percentage of AKI in the elderly, this group requires more preventive action, not only in the hospital but also at home.

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