scholarly journals A comparative network approach to assess the social-ecological underpinnings of zoonotic outbreaks at human-wildlife interfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Balasubramaniam ◽  
Nalina Aiempichitkijkarn ◽  
Stefano S. K. Kaburu ◽  
Pascal R. Marty ◽  
Brianne A. Beisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Bonnet Macaques ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wildlife Populations

Pandemics caused by wildlife-origin pathogens, like COVID-19, highlight the importance of understanding the ecology of zoonosis at human-wildlife interfaces. To-date, the relative effects of human-wildlife and wildlife-wildlife interactions on zoonotic outbreaks among wildlife populations remain unclear. In this study, we used social network analysis and epidemiological Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) models, to track zoonotic outbreaks through wild animals social-ecological co-interactions with humans and their social grooming interactions with conspecifics, for 10 groups of macaques (Macaca spp.) living in (peri)urban environments across Asia. Outbreak sizes predicted by the SIR models were related to structural features of the social networks, and particular properties of individual animals connectivity within those networks. Outbreak sizes were larger when the first-infected animal was highly central, in both types of networks. Across host-species, particularly for rhesus and bonnet macaques, the effects of network centrality on outbreak sizes were stronger through macaques human co-interaction networks compared to grooming networks. Our findings, independent of pathogen-transmissibility, suggest that for wildlife populations in the Anthropocene, vulnerability to zoonotic outbreaks may outweigh the potential/perceived benefits of interacting with humans to procure anthropogenic food. From One Health perspectives, animals that consistently interact with humans (and their own conspecifics) across time and space are useful targets for disease-control.

scholarly journals A conceptual model of the social–ecological system of nature-based solutions in urban environments

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tzoulas ◽  
Juanjo Galan ◽  
Stephen Venn ◽  
Matthew Dennis ◽  
Bas Pedroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Polycentric Governance ◽  
Relational Values ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractThis article provides a perspective on nature-based solutions. First, the argument is developed that nature-based solutions integrate social and ecological systems. Then, theoretical considerations relating to relational values, multifunctionality, transdisciplinarity, and polycentric governance are briefly outlined. Finally, a conceptual model of the social–ecological system of nature-based solutions is synthesised and presented. This conceptual model comprehensively defines the social and ecological external and internal systems that make up nature-based solutions, and identifies theoretical considerations that need to be addressed at different stages of their planning and implementation The model bridges the normative gaps of existing nature-based solution frameworks and could be used for consistent, comprehensive, and transferable comparisons internationally. The theoretical considerations addressed in this article inform practitioners, policymakers, and researchers about the essential components of nature-based solutions. The conceptual model can facilitate the identification of social and ecological interconnections within nature-based solutions and the range of stakeholders and disciplines involved.

scholarly journals Wildlife Research in a changing world

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piran C. L. White ◽  
Andrea C. Taylor ◽  
Stan Boutin ◽  
Camilla Myers ◽  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Over Exploitation

Wildlife populations on both land and in the sea are under increasing pressure from both direct and indirect anthropogenic impacts. Threats to wildlife, such as over-exploitation, habitat loss, invasive species, infectious disease and climate change persist; yet in some situations, wildlife populations are the subject of management to reduce their unwanted impacts on economic, agricultural and conservation interests. The contrasting requirements of declining and overabundant populations, sometimes existing as part of the same ecosystem, mean that wildlife management needs to be viewed increasingly as part of an integrated social–ecological system. Moreover, solutions to wildlife-management problems may require new combinations of ecological knowledge, technological innovation and an understanding of the social and economic factors involved. The disciplinary scope of Wildlife Research will be broadening to reflect these changes. Wildlife Research has tended to focus on terrestrial systems in the past, but research approaches and findings are increasingly relevant across different environments, and consequently, we will also be expanding our coverage of freshwater and marine systems. We are planning to publish at least one Special Issue each year, to highlight new areas of research and the increasing internationalisation of wildlife management, and we welcome suggestions for these. We are also pleased to be able to offer fast-track publication of papers that contain results of high topical significance or policy relevance. We hope that the increased topical, disciplinary and geographical coverage of Wildlife Research will enhance its position as one of the leading international journals in applied ecology and environmental management.

REKONSTRUKSI DAN REAKTUALISASI LITERASI EKOLOGI SOSIAL ISLAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Literasi ekologi sosial Islam adalah interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan alam, teknologi, dan sosial yang didasarkan pada prinsip dasar Islam. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologi sosial Islam yang bisa direkonstruksi adalah prinsip dasar Islam yang menegaskan posisi manusia sebagai “pemimpin” yang diberi “amanah” untuk mengelola “bumi” atau “lingkungan alam dan sumber daya alam” sebaik-baiknya. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologis inilah yang kemudian akan diaktualisasikan pada masyarakat. Proses aktualisasi adalah kegiatan aktual dalam menanamkan kesadaran ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat yang mana dilakukan dalam ruang sosial keluarga, masyarakat, dan sekolah yang diorganisasi oleh negara melalui kebijakan dan peraturan per undang-undangan. Dengan proses rekonstruksi dan aktualisasi yang terstruktur ini, maka negara akan aktif membangun kesadaran ekologis sosial Islam dengan aktif dan terstruktur dengan baik guna mewujudkan basis kesadaran, ilmu pengetahuan, dan tata nilai ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat. Literacy on Islamic social ecology is the human interaction with the natural environment, technology, and social which is based on the basic principles of Islam. Reconstruction of literacy on Islamic social ecology that can be reconstructed is a basic tenet of Islam that affirms the human position as a "leader" by "mandate" to manage "Earth" or "natural environment and natural resources" as well as possible. Reconstruction of ecological literacy is then to be actualized in society. The process of actualization is actual activity in instilling awareness of the social ecology of Islam in the society which is done in the social space of families, communities, and schools organized by the state through policies and regulations. With the process of reconstruction and actualization, then the state will actively build social-ecological awareness of Islam in order to realize a base of awareness, knowledge, and values of Islamic social ecology in society.

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

scholarly journals The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social–ecological status of the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Blenckner ◽  
Christian Möllmann ◽  
Julia Stewart Lowndes ◽  
Jennifer R. Griffiths ◽  
Eleanore Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Health Index ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals A Survey of Marine Coastal Litters around Zhoushan Island, China and Their Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Xuehua Ma ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Luyi Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
The Impact

Rapid development of the economy increased marine litter around Zhoushan Island. Social-ecological scenario studies can help to develop strategies to adapt to such change. To investigate the present situation of marine litter pollution, a stratified random sampling (StRS) method was applied to survey the distribution of marine coastal litters around Zhoushan Island. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to access the amount of litter in different landforms that include mudflats, artificial and rocky beaches. In addition, two questionnaires were designed for local fishermen and tourists to provide social scenarios. The results showed that the distribution of litter in different landforms was significantly different, while the distribution of litter in different sampling points had no significant difference. The StRS survey showed to be a valuable method for giving a relative overview of beach litter around Zhoushan Island with less effort in a future survey. The questionnaire feedbacks helped to understand the source of marine litter and showed the impact on the local environment and economy. Based on the social-ecological scenarios, governance recommendations were provided in this paper.

scholarly journals Achieving Social and Ecological Outcomes in Collaborative Environmental Governance: Good Examples from Swedish Moose Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Sabrina Dressel ◽  
Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist ◽  
Maria Johansson ◽  
Göran Ericsson ◽  
Camilla Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Collaborative governance approaches have been suggested as strategies to handle wicked environmental problems. Evaluations have found promising examples of effective natural resource governance, but also highlighted the importance of social-ecological context and institutional design. The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the achievement of social and ecological sustainability within Swedish moose (Alces alces) management. In 2012, a multi-level collaborative governance regime was implemented to decrease conflicts among stakeholders. We carried out semi-structured interviews with six ‘good examples’ (i.e., Moose Management Groups that showed positive social and ecological outcomes). We found that ‘good examples’ collectively identified existing knowledge gaps and management challenges and used their discretionary power to develop procedural arrangements that are adapted to the social-ecological context, their theory of change, and attributes of local actors. This contributed to the creation of bridging social capital and principled engagement across governance levels. Thus, our results indicate the existence of higher-order social learning as well as a positive feedback from within-level collaboration dynamics to between-level collaboration. Furthermore, our study illustrates the importance of institutional flexibility to utilize the existing knowledge across stakeholder groups and to allow for adaptations based on the social learning process.

Historical Crucifixion: A Liberationist Response to Deep Incarnation

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-912
Author(s):  
Michael E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cross

In light of the social-ecological crisis facing Puerto Rico, this article offers a response to deep incarnation theologies. Though it notes that deep incarnation offers a helpful account of divine presence and solidarity with all suffering creatures, the essay draws from liberationist theologians to argue that equating the cross with evolutionary death obscures the sinful causes of crucifixion. Ultimately, the essay insists that the notion of deep incarnation that addresses evolutionary suffering must be linked to a similarly “deep” notion of crucifixion rooted in historical reality.

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