scholarly journals Exploring predictive frameworks for malaria in Burundi

Author(s):  
Lionel Divin Mfisimana ◽  
Emile Nibayisabe ◽  
Kingsley Badu ◽  
David Niyukuri

Abstract Malaria is a major public health concern in Burundi. The infection has been increasing in the last decade despite efforts to increase access to health services, and the deployment of several intervention programs. The use of different data sources can help to build predictive models of malaria cases in different sub-populations. We built predictive frameworks using generalized linear model (GLM), and artificial neural network to predict malaria cases in four sub-populations (pregnant women and children under 5 years, pregnant women, children between 0 and 11 months, children between 12 and 59 months), and the overall general population. The results showed that almost half malaria infections are observed in pregnant women and children under 5 years, but children between 12 and 59 months carry the highest burden. Neural network model performed better in predicting total cases compared to GLM. But the latter provided information on the e ect of predictors, which is an important source of information to mainstream target interventions. Early prediction of cases can provide timely information needed to be proactive for intervention strategies, and it can help to mitigate the epidemics and reduce its impact on populations and the economy.

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045892
Author(s):  
Solomon Feleke ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Firehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Gizachew Yilak ◽  
Abebaw Molla

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.


Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Moench-Pfanner ◽  
Sok Silo ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Rathamony Hong ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Akhlaq Ahmad ◽  
Usman Ayub Awan ◽  
Aamer Ali Khattak ◽  
...  

Background: Malaria among pregnant women is one of the major causes of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, especially in high-risk areas. Therefore, our study identified the burden of malaria for pregnant women, non-pregnant women, and children under 5 years of age, and malaria service health facilities in Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. In this survey, 15,650 individuals were surveyed, and 1,283 were malaria-positive detected. The data were collected from 80 different healthcare centers. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. ArcGIS version 10.8 was used for study area mapping.Results: Malaria was detected in 23.3% of children under five, 4.4% of pregnant women, and 72.3% of non-pregnant women, respectively. Moreover, P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection had a prevalence of 2.1, 96.8, and 1.1%. The most often used and effective medications to treat malaria were chloroquine (29.7%) and primaquine (69.4%).Conclusion: This study's findings depict that malaria's prevalence in the non-pregnant women's group was high. Additionally, P. vivax infection was found to be more prevalent than other types of malaria infection. Due to the scarcity of healthcare facilities in this endemic region, special attention should be directed to strengthening the malaria surveillance and eradication programs.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
María F. Rivadeneira ◽  
Ana L. Moncayo ◽  
Betzabé Tello ◽  
Ana L. Torres ◽  
Gladys J. Buitrón ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Chronic malnutrition and anemia are prevalent in developing countries. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic malnutrition and anemia and their associated factors in children under five using a multi-causal model in a rural community in the coast of Ecuador. Methods The study included 314 children under 5 years old who were residents of San Isidro, Ecuador. Indicators of chronic malnutrition and anemia were identified. Mothers/caregivers were surveyed on socio-economic and environmental conditions, feeding and care practices, access to health services and biological characteristics. Bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression were performed. Results The prevalence was 12.42% (n = 39) for chronic malnutrition and 16.98% (n = 54) for anemia. There was a significant and independent association between chronic malnutrition and family income less than $80 USD per month (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 2.74, 95% CI 1.04, 7.20), maternal height less than 150 cm (PR 3.00, 95% CI 1.69, 5.32) and residence in a household with more than 4 children (PR 3.05, 95% CI 1.48, 6.29). Anemia was 2.57 times higher (95% CI 1.17, 5.65) in children with more than two episodes of diarrhea in the last 6 months. Prenatal care (5 to 8 visits) provided a protective effect for anemia (PR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27, 0.89). Conclusions for Practice Findings support the need for comprehensive interventions targeted toward chronic malnutrition and anemia in children from rural coastal communities. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions, family planning, prenatal care and reduction of diarrheal diseases should be prioritized.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Mehdi Esfandyari ◽  
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany ◽  
Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to compare the pregnancy status of the pregnant women and birth status of their newborns, socioeconomic status, and access to health services, between high- and low-damage areas in Heris, affected by the Varzaghan Earthquake, 2012.MethodsThe study was conducted on pregnant women at any trimester of pregnancy (with complete medical profiles in local health centers) in August 2012 (time of the earthquake) who lived in Heris and delivered up to March 2013. Data were obtained on pregnancy- and infant-related variables, housing, socioeconomic status, and access to health services, including food supplies, before and after the earthquake.ResultsFamily income and mothers’ education were lower in highly damaged areas. Among these women, underweight at first trimester of pregnancy was higher, and weight gain during the last trimester was lower, compared with low-damage regions. Preterm delivery was higher in low-damage areas. Birth indices of the infants were not significantly different between the 2 areas; however, in highly damaged areas, moderate malnutrition was more prevalent among children under 1 year (weight-for-age) and under 2 years (height-for-age).ConclusionsSocioeconomic status of mothers was lower in highly damaged areas and might have played a role in their own and newborns’ health status. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13: 511-518)


1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Hussein Elduma

BACKGROUND: Inequality in the access to health services is a major cause of health problemsamong children under five old. The aim of this analysis is to measure the inequality among children under-5 years in relation to main health indicators inUganda.METHOD: Main child health indicators data in Uganda were obtained from WHO inequity data set for the years 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2011. Indicators such as under-5 years mortality rate, underweight prevalence and full vaccination converge and child with infection access to health facilities were included in th analysis. For simple indicators, inequality difference wascalculated, and relative concentration index for complex order indicators was used. Four different inequality dimensions were used to work as stratifies for these indicators.RESULTS: Inequality regarding child health indicators was observed in different dimensions. It was clear that inequality among people living in rural areas were more than urban areas. Femaleshad high inequality than males. Poor and uneducated people are more likely to have inequality than rich and educated people.CONCLUSION: Great effort should be made to decrease inequality among children less than five years through access to health services for all groups in different areas. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Edi Widya Sukoco

Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still the highest compared to other ASEAN countries and faces a gap in access to health services. It needs a waiting house that is close to health service facility and can be temporarily occupied by pregnant mother before delivery which is Maternal Waiting Homes (MWH). This analysis to know aspects that can maintain the continuity of RTK services. This study uses secondary data by listing the policy and regulatory documents related to RTK policy and by organizing several workshops to gain a view of policy makers. The results show that the MWH fi nancing system is still local and not well coordinated. The number of health workers who provide services in MWH is still limited. Likewise, MWH facilities and facilities are still inadequate, in particular, water and electricity problems, as well as a place for families accompanying maternity mothers. Most MWH s only provide facilities for living without maternal and neonatal care services. Several efforts have been made by the local government in encouraging the utilization of MWH in pregnant women among others by involving customary institutions and the use of communication technology for early emergency detection of pregnant women. MWH sustainability can be built with the full support of local government, socialization and synergies with related sectors. Abstrak Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia tertinggi dibandingkan negara-negara ASEAN lain dan menghadapikesenjangan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Rumah tempat menunggu yang dekat dengan fasilitas pelayanankesehatan dan dapat dihuni sementara oleh ibu hamil sebelum persalinan yaitu Rumah Tunggu Kelahiran(RTK) merupakan salah satu alternatif solusi. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui aspek yang dapat menjagakeberlangsungan layanan RTK. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan cara menginventarisir dokumenkebijakan dan peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan kebijakan RTK serta dengan mengadakan beberapaworkhop untuk memperoleh sudut pandang para penentu kebijakan. Hasil menunjukkan sistem pembiayaanRTK masih bersifat lokal dan belum terkoordinasi dengan baik. Jumlah tenaga kesehatan yang memberikanpelayanan di RTK masih terbatas. Demikian juga fasilitas dan sarana RTK masih belum memadai, terutama,masalah air dan listrik, serta tempat untuk keluarga yang mendampingi ibu bersalin. Sebagian besar RTKhanya menyediakan fasilitas untuk tinggal tanpa pelayanan perawatan kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Beberapaupaya telah dilakukan pemerintah lokal dalam mendorong pemanfaatan RTK pada ibu hamil di antaranyadengan melibatkan lembaga adat dan penggunaan teknologi komunikasi untuk deteksi darurat dini bumil risti.Keberlangsungan RTK dapat dibangun dengan dukungan penuh pemerintah daerah, sosialisasi dan bersinergidengan lintas sektor terkait.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Stampini ◽  
Alice Monzani ◽  
Silvia Caristia ◽  
Gianluigi Ferrante ◽  
Martina Gerbino ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, drastic measures for social distancing have been introduced also in Italy, likely with a substantial impact in delicate conditions like pregnancy and puerperium. The study aimed to investigate the changes in lifestyle, access to health services, and mental wellbeing during the first Italian lockdown in a sample of Italian pregnant women and new mothers. Methods We carried out a web-based survey to evaluate how pregnant women and new mothers were coping with the lockdown. We collected data about healthy habits (physical exercise and dietary habits), access to health services (care access, delivery and obstetric care, neonatal care, and breastfeeding), and mental wellbeing (psychological well-being and emotive support). Descriptive analysis was performed for both groups of participants, whereas a Poisson analysis was used to measure the association between some structural variables (age, education, socio-economic data, partner support, contact, free time, previous children, and pregnancy trimester) and anxiety or depression, difficulties in healthy eating and reduction in physical activity after lockdown started. Chi2 and Adjusted Prevalence Ratios were estimated only for pregnant women. Results We included 739 respondents (response rate 85.8 %), 600 were pregnant (81.2 %), and 139 (18.8 %) had delivered during lockdown (new mothers). We found a high score for anxiety and depression in 62.8 % of pregnant women and 61.9 % of new mothers. During the lockdown, 61.8 % of pregnant women reduced their physical exercise, and 44.3 % reported eating in a healthier way. 94.0 % of new mothers reported to have breastfed their babies during the hospital stay. Regarding the perceived impact of restrictive measures on breastfeeding, no impact was reported by 56.1 % of new mothers, whereas a negative one by 36.7 %. Conclusions The high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women and new mothers should be a public health issue. Clinicians might also recommend and encourage “home” physical exercise. On the other hand, about half of the sample improved their approach towards healthy eating and a very high breastfeeding rate was reported soon after birth: these data are an interesting starting point to develop new strategies for public health.


Author(s):  
Ivanilde Marques da Silva Rocha ◽  
Vanilda Silva de Souza Barbosa ◽  
Anderson Luiz da Silva Lima

Este trabalho constitui uma análise dos fatores que influenciam a não adesão de gestantes ao programa de assistência pré-natal. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão com abordagem exploratória e descritiva através da base de dados LILACS. Foram selecionadas 22 referências para a discussão em pauta. Os motivos de influência para a não adesão ao pré-natal foram classificados em duas variáveis: fatores inerentes a gestante e fatores extrínsecos, alheios ao poder de escolha da gestante. Fatores como: desigualdades regionais, sociais e econômicas, dificuldade no acesso aos locais de consultas, idade inferior a 20 anos, pouco estudo, ser solteira, multípara, não aceitar a gestação, possuir tradições familiares de descrença ao pré-natal, bem como falta de acolhimento e apoio também são influências negativas para a adesão ao pré-natal. Estratégias para melhor adesão ainda precisam ser desenvolvidas. Sugere-se a realização de pesquisas práticas que colaborem a essa análise temática.Descritores: Cuidado Pré-natal, Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde, Gestantes. Factors that influence non-adherence to the prenatal programAbstract: This paper is an analysis of the factors that influence the non-adherence of pregnant women to the prenatal care program. For that, a review with an exploratory and descriptive approach was performed through the LILACS database. Twenty-two references were selected for the discussion in question. The reasons for non-adherence to prenatal care were classified into two variables: factors inherent to the pregnant woman and extrinsic factors, unrelated to the power of choice of the pregnant woman. Factors such as: regional, social and economic inequalities, difficulty in accessing places of consultation, age under 20 years, little study, being single, multiparous, not accepting gestation, having family traditions of prenatal disbelief, as well as lack and support are also negative influences for prenatal adherence. Strategies for better adherence still need to be developed. It is suggested to carry out practical research that corroborates this thematic analysis.Descriptors: Prenatal Care, Access to Health Services, Pregnant Women. Los factores que influyen en la no adhesión al programa prenatalResumen: Este trabajo constituye un análisis de los factores que influencian la no adhesión de gestantes al programa de asistencia prenatal. Para ello, se realizó una revisión con enfoque exploratorio y descriptivo a través de la base de datos LILACS. Se seleccionaron 22 referencias para la discusión en pauta. Los motivos de influencia para la no adhesión al prenatal fueron clasificados en dos variables: factores inherentes a la gestante y factores extrínsecos, ajenos al poder de elección de la gestante. Factores como: desigualdades regionales, sociales y económicas, dificultad en el acceso a los lugares de consulta, edad inferior a 20 años, poco estudio, ser soltera, multípara, no aceptar la gestación, poseer tradiciones familiares de incredulidad al prenatal, así como falta de acogida y apoyo también son influencias negativas para la adhesión al prenatal. Las estrategias para una mejor adhesión todavía deben desarrollarse. Se sugiere la realización de investigaciones prácticas que corroboren a ese análisis temático.Descriptores: La Atención Prenatal, Accedo a los Servicios de la Salud, Embarazada.


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