scholarly journals Longitudinal Transitions in Initiation, Cessation, and Relapse of Smoking and E-Cigarette Use Among US Youth and Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Schwamm ◽  
Farzad Noubary ◽  
Nancy A Rigotti ◽  
Krishna P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Transition Frequency ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Longitudinal surveys provide data to estimate transition probabilities between cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and dual use of both, facilitating projections of future use and the impact of policies. Methods We fit a continuous time Markov multi-state model for youth (ages 12-17y) and adults (≥18y) in Waves 1-4.5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) longitudinal survey and estimated smoking and e-cigarette transition frequencies, including initiation, cessation, and relapse. We validated transition frequency results in a microsimulation model by projecting smoking and e-cigarette use prevalence over time. Results There was more volatility in smoking and e-cigarette use among youth than among adults. For youth never smokers, annual smoking initiation among never/current/former e-cigarette users occurred in 0.4% (95% CI 0.2-0.6%)/8.8% (7.0-10.7%)/3.1% (2.1-4.2%), and current e-cigarette users were more likely to quit e-cigarettes than to initiate smoking (absolute difference in annual probability 46.5%, 38.7-54.2%). For adult current smokers, annual smoking cessation among never/current/former e-cigarette users occurred in 22.6% (20.9-24.3%)/14.5% (11.5-17.4%)/15.1% (12.1-18.2%). For adult current dual users, 14.5% quit smoking and 49.5% quit e-cigarettes annually. For adult former smokers, annual smoking relapse among never/current/former e-cigarette users occurred in 17.7% (15.8-19.6%)/29.3% (23.8-34.7%)/32.8% (27.1-38.6%). Using these transition probabilities in a microsimulation model accurately projected smoking and e-cigarette use prevalence at 12 and 24 months compared to PATH empirical data (root-mean-square error <0.7%). Discussion PATH Waves 1-4.5 contain sufficient data to generate smoking and e-cigarette use transition frequency estimates for youth and adults in a microsimulation model. E-cigarette use among youth is especially volatile.

Perceptions of Use Patterns and Health Consequences Associated With Mentholated Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Glasser ◽  
Alexis Barton ◽  
Jessica Rath ◽  
Bethany Simard ◽  
Shyanika W. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Addictive Potential ◽  
The Impact

Despite declines in overall cigarette smoking in the United States, menthol cigarette smoking prevalence has increased among young adults (18-25 years) and remains constant among older adults (26 years and older). Disparities in menthol cigarette use exist, with higher prevalence among younger adult smokers and among racial/ethnic minority populations. Menthol in cigarettes has been shown to play a role in increasing smoking initiation and making it more difficult to quit smoking. Little research focuses on perceptions of the addictive potential and health consequences of menthol cigarette use. This analysis uses data from a national panel of U.S. adults ( n = 1,303) surveyed in 2016. Participants were asked to what extent they agreed with various statements regarding menthol use among demographic and tobacco use subgroups. These data reveal disparities in perceptions of the impact of menthol use, with Black, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic adults and adults with lower income and less education misperceiving the health effects and addiction potential of menthol in cigarettes. Determining how and to what extent population subgroups understand the effect of menthol cigarette use can inform public education strategies and, in turn, policy efforts to ban or restrict menthol cigarette availability.

Abstract P204: Tobacco Use And The AHA 2030 Impact Goals: A Simulation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Levy ◽  
Sydney L Goldberg ◽  
Emily P Hyle ◽  
Krishna P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact

Background: The AHA’s 2030 Impact Goals seek to increase population health-adjusted life expectancy (LE) by 2y. Tobacco is a top contributor to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We estimated the potential contribution of improved tobacco control to achieve the 2030 Impact Goals in the US. Methods: We used the validated STOP microsimulation model with NHIS estimates of age- and sex-stratified mortality and CVD incidence to project changes in LE, as well as 10y, 20y, and lifetime CVD cumulative incidence, if cigarette smoking declined among the current US population. We assessed the impact of preventing initiation (current v never smokers) or increasing cessation (current v former smokers) at different ages. To examine the maximum impact of population-wide cessation, we projected changes in population LE and CVD incidence if smoking prevalence among those ≥20yo went immediately to 0%. Results: Preventing smoking initiation increases LE by 10.2y (men [M]) and 9.1y (women [W]) and reduces lifetime CVD incidence by 16.8% (M) and 26.2% (W) compared to lifetime smoking. Even cessation at age 60 extends LE by 3.7y (M) and 2.5y (W) and reduces 10y CVD incidence by 39.1% (M) and 59.4% (W) (Table). Total elimination of cigarette smoking in the 2020 US population aged ≥20y (e.g. by outlawing cigarettes) would increase the cohort LE by 0.4 (M) and 0.2 (W) years and reduce 20y CVD incidence by 6.0% (M) and 7.0% (W). Conclusion: Preventing smoking initiation offers the greatest benefit, but cessation at any age substantially improves LE and reduces CVD risk. The modest potential contribution of tobacco elimination to achieving the 2030 Impact Goals is due to already low smoking prevalence: <14% (projected) in 2020.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2096306
Author(s):  
Tove Sohlberg ◽  
Karin Helmersson Bergmark
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Maintenance

Background: Since smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, discouraging smoking initiation, encouraging smoking cessation, and exploring factors that help individuals to stay smoke free are immensely important. One such relevant factor may be the impact of lifestyle for long-term smoking cessation. Method: A representative sample of successful quitters was recruited for a study about smoking cessation. These respondents are now part of a 7-year follow-up with the overall aim of revealing factors affecting long-term smoking cessation. Descriptive analyses were carried out at baseline and at follow-up, as well as a further two-step cluster analysis to explore profiles of long-term smoke-free individuals. Results: A majority did not make any particular lifestyle changes, but among those who did, most adopted a healthier lifestyle and/or increased their quota of physical training, where permanent changes in this direction seem to promote a more enduring smoke-free life. Conclusions: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Swedish health care institutions should be able to provide support for this both initially and over time to promote the long-term maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.

scholarly journals Friends and family matter Most: a trend analysis of increasing e-cigarette use among Irish teenagers and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
Family Matter ◽  
Associated Variables

Abstract Background E-cigarette ever-use and current-use among teenagers has increased worldwide, including in Ireland. Methods We use data from two Irish waves (2015, 2019) of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) to investigate gender and teenage e-cigarette use (n = 3421 16-year-olds). Using chi-square analyses, we report changes in e-cigarette ever-use, current-use, and associated variables. Using multivariable logistic regression, we analyse the increase in e-cigarette use and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations, focusing on gender differences. Results E-cigarette ever-use increased from 23% in 2015 to 37% in 2019, and current-use from 10 to 18%. Compared with 2015, the odds in 2019, of becoming both an e-cigarette ever-user and current-user, were significantly higher for girls than boys (ever-use: AOR 2.67 vs 2.04; current-use: AOR 3.11 vs 1.96). Smoking and e-cigarette use are linked but never-smokers who try e-cigarettes rose significantly from 33 to 67% and those using e-cigarettes to quit smoking decreased significantly from 17 to 3%. Almost two-thirds of respondents (66%) in 2019 said that their reason for trying e-cigarettes was “out of curiosity”. Peer smoking is significantly associated with likelihood of e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 6.52) and current-use (AOR 5.45). If “Most/All friends smoke”, odds were significantly higher for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 7.07 vs 6.23; current-use AOR 5.90 vs 5.31). Less parental monitoring is significantly associated with greater e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 3.96) and current-use (4.48), and having parents who usually don’t know where their child is on Saturday nights was also associated with significantly higher odds for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 5.42 vs 3.33; current-use AOR 5.50 vs 3.50). Conclusion Respondents had significantly higher odds of being e-cigarette ever- and current-users in 2019 compared with 2015. Use is higher among boys but girls are increasingly at risk. Two-thirds had never smoked cigarettes at first e-cigarette use; two-thirds used out of curiosity but few (3%) for smoking cessation. The most prominent risk factors for e-cigarette use were peer- and parent-related, especially so for boys. Interventions that take account of friend and family influences may provide mechanisms for preventing an increasing risk of nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Flavored e-Cigarette Use Among Subpopulations of Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M Leventhal ◽  
Hongying Dai
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Evidence of US adult flavored e-cigarette use prevalence stratified by age, smoking status, and purpose for vaping (ie, quitting smoking, to use when or where smoking is not allowed) can inform policies that reduce the tobacco-related cancer burden. Methods Current flavored e-cigarette use (use 1 or more nontobacco flavors) prevalence estimates were compared across subpopulation groups using 2-sided statistical significance tests in the July 2018 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement, a nationally representative cross-sectional adult survey (n = 46 759). Results Current flavored e-cigarette use was reported by 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47% to 1.69%) of all respondents. Among current vapers, the percentage of those who used flavored e-cigarettes was higher for adults aged 18-24 years (89.6%), 25-34 years (86.7%), and 35-44 years (76.0%) than for adults aged 45 years and older (60.4%, Ps &lt; .001); was higher in never smokers (89.8%) than current (72.9%), long-term former (73.9%), and recent former (80.4%) smokers (Ps ≤ .009); was higher in smokers who reportedly did (78.9%) vs did not (71.1%) use e-cigarettes to vape where or when smoking is not allowed (P = .005); and did not differ between smokers who reportedly did (75.0%) vs did not (73.9%) vape to quit smoking (P = .71). Individuals who vaped to quit smoking and currently used flavored e-cigarettes constituted 0.9% (95% CI = 0.82% to 0.99%) of all adults (weighted N = 2 251 000, 95% CI = 2 046 000 to 2 476 000) and 57.2% of current flavored e-cigarette users. Conclusions Flavored e-cigarette use prevalence was low among US adults overall but common for current vapers. Flavored e-cigarette use was disproportionately prevalent among never smokers and other subpopulations that might experience harm from vaping.

scholarly journals Roll-your-own cigarette use and smoking cessation behaviour: a cross-sectional population study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e025370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation To Quit Smoking

ObjectivesRoll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes have become popular in the UK and reduce the cost of smoking, potentially mitigating the impact of tax increases on quitting. We examined whether RYO cigarette use was associated with reduced motivation to quit smoking, incidence of quit attempts and quit success.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingEngland.Participants38 590 adults who reported currently smoking or having stopped within the past 12 months.Main outcome measuresMotivation to quit smoking, quit attempt in the last year, motives for quitting and quit success were regressed onto RYO cigarette use, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and level of cigarette addiction. Mediation by weekly spending on smoking was tested.ResultsCompared with manufactured cigarette smokers, RYO smokers had lower odds of high motivation to quit (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.81) or having made a quit attempt (OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91). Among those who had attempted to quit smoking, quit success did not differ by cigarette type (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12), but RYO smokers were less likely to report cost of smoking as a motive to quit (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74). Spending on smoking mediated the association between RYO use and quit attempts (β=−0.02, SE=0.003, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.02).ConclusionsIn England, compared with smokers of manufactured cigarettes, RYO cigarette smokers appear to have lower motivation to quit and lower incidence of quit attempts but similar success of quit attempts. The lower cost of RYO smoking appears to mediate the lower incidence of quit attempts among RYO users.

scholarly journals Associations Between Exposure and Receptivity to Branded Cigarette Advertising and Subsequent Brand Preference Among US Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Bridgid Moran ◽  
Samir Soneji ◽  
Andy S L Tan ◽  
Kelvin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Subsequent Preference

Abstract Introduction Exposure and receptivity to cigarette advertising are well-established predictors of cigarette use overall. However, less is known about whether exposure and receptivity to advertising for specific brands of cigarettes (ie, Marlboro, Camel, and Newport) are longitudinally associated with any subsequent cigarette use and subsequent use of those specific brands. Methods We analyzed data from a US sample of 7325 young adults aged 18–24 years who completed both Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine (1) among Wave 1 never-smokers, associations between Wave 1 exposure and receptivity to advertising for Marlboro, Camel, and Newport and subsequent overall and brand-specific smoking initiation at Wave 2, and (2) among Wave 1 ever-smokers, associations between Wave 1 exposure and receptivity to advertising for Marlboro, Camel, and Newport and subsequent preference of those brands at Wave 2. Results Among Wave 1 young-adult never-smokers, exposure to Camel advertising, but not Marlboro or Newport, was associated with smoking initiation with any brand of cigarettes at Wave 2. Among Wave 1 young-adult ever-smokers, receptivity to Marlboro, Camel, and Newport advertising was associated with subsequent preference for each brand, respectively, at Wave 2. Conclusions This study found evidence for the association between receptivity to branded cigarette marketing and subsequent use of that brand. These findings provide evidence regarding the pathways through which cigarette marketing attracts young adults to use cigarettes and can inform tobacco prevention and counter-marketing efforts. Implications This study extends prior work on the effects of cigarette advertising exposure and receptivity by illustrating the brand specificity of this advertising. These findings provide evidence that receptivity to branded cigarette advertising is longitudinally associated with preference for those specific cigarette brands.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Cigarette Use During Airmen’s First Year of Service in the United States Air Force

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (1-2) ◽  
pp. e212-e220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Little ◽  
Jon O Ebbert ◽  
Rebecca A Krukowski ◽  
Jennifer Halbert ◽  
Maj Ryan Kalpinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction Despite declines of cigarette use in the civilian population, military personnel report alarmingly high rates of cigarette use. Enlisted Air Force recruits are required to remain tobacco-free for the first 12 weeks of training, and the majority express confidence they will not use tobacco after the ban; however, most previous smokers return to smoking and many nonsmokers initiate. Understanding the factors associated with cigarette-smoking initiation among non-users and re-initiation among former users is critical for the development of successful tobacco control efforts. Materials and Methods The current study examines predictors of cigarette smoking among a sample of 2,188 USAF personnel after their first year of service. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between baseline predictors and initiation and re-initiation of cigarette smoking at a one-year follow-up. Results Compared to never smokers at both time points, the strongest predictor of smoking initiation over the past 12 months was having owned cigarette-branded merchandise (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.67, 8.71). Compared to former smokers who remained abstinent, the strongest predictor of re-initiation was intention to use tobacco (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.53, 2.83). Compared to individuals who initiate, the strongest predictors of re-initiation were prior use of other tobacco products and tobacco use intentions (ORs range 1.85 to 4.63). Conclusions Multiple risk factors are associated with tobacco use. Given that Airmen are tobacco-free for the first 12 weeks of training, tobacco interventions during this period might be more effective. Our findings can be used to tailor interventions to prevent tobacco use in the U.S. military.

scholarly journals COVID-19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Tattan-Birch ◽  
Olga Perski ◽  
Sarah Jackson ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Robert West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Never Smokers

AbstractAimsTo explore 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, hand washing, smoking status, e-cigarette use, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use and 2) whether COVID-19 has prompted smoking and vaping quit attempts, and more smoking inside the home.DesignCross-sectional household surveys of a representative sample of the population in England from April–May 2020.ParticipantsThe sample included 3,285 adults aged ≥18 years.MeasurementsParticipants who reported they definitely or think they had coronavirus were classified as having a suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were asked how often they wash their hands after returning home, before eating, before preparing foods or before touching their face. They were also asked whether, due to COVID-19, they had i) attempted to quit smoking, ii) attempted to quit vaping, and iii) changed the amount they smoke inside the home.FindingsOdds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were significantly greater among current smokers (20.9%, adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04–1.73) and long-term (>1-year) ex-smokers (16.1%, ORadj=1.33, 95%CI=1.05–1.68) than never smokers (14.5%). Recent (<1-year) ex-smokers had non-significantly greater odds of suspected infection (22.2%, ORadj=1.50, 95%CI=0.85–2.53, Bayes factor= 0.55–1.17). Bayes factors indicated there was sufficient evidence to rule out large differences in suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection by NRT use and medium differences by e-cigarette use. With the exception of hand washing before face touching, engagement in hand washing behaviours was high (>85%) regardless of nicotine use. A minority (12.2%) of past-year smokers who made a quit attempt in the past three months were triggered by COVID-19, and approximately one-in-ten current e-cigarette users reported attempting to quit vaping because of COVID-19. Most people reported smoking the same amount inside the home.ConclusionsIn a representative sample of the adult population in England, current smokers and long-term ex-smokers had higher odds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection than never smokers, but there were no large differences by NRT or e-cigarette use. In general, engagement in hand washing was high regardless of nicotine or tobacco use. A minority of past-year smokers and current e-cigarette users, respectively, attempted to quit smoking/vaping due to COVID-19.

The Impact of Vaping on Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110488
Author(s):  
Mohsin Shah ◽  
Mary K. Bryant ◽  
Gita N. Mody ◽  
Rebecca G. Maine ◽  
Judson B. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Cigarette smoking is associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are touted as a healthier alternative to cigarettes; however, the impact E-cigarette use has on PSP management is not known. The goal of this study was to determine if E-cigarette use is associated with inferior outcomes after PSP, compared to never smokers and cigarette smokers. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients in a large tertiary care hospital system in an urban area who presented with PSP from September 2015 through February 2019. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients were identified from the institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeon (STS) database. Patients with pneumothoraces from traumatic, iatrogenic, and secondary etiologies were excluded. Baseline clinical and demographic data and outcomes including intervention(s) required, length of stay, and recurrence were evaluated. Results Identified were 71 patients with PSP. Seventeen (24%) had unverifiable smoking history. Of the remaining, 7 (13%) currently vaped, 27(50%) currently smoked cigarettes, and 20(37%) were never smokers. Mean age was 33 years; 80% male. All vapers required tube thoracostomy vs 74% of current smokers and 75% of never smokers. Vaping was associated with increased odds of recurrence compared to never smokers (OR 2.00, 95% CI 0.35,11.44). Vapers had the shortest median time to recurrence after initial hospitalization (10 d[4,18] v 20 d[5,13] cigarette smokers v 27 d[13 275] never smokers, P < .001). Conclusion Vaping may complicate PSP outcomes. As vaping use increases, especially among adolescents, it is imperative that the manner of tobacco use is documented and considered when caring for patients, especially those with pulmonary problems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document