scholarly journals Spatial proteomics reveals profound subcellular reorganization in human keratinocytes exposed to UVA light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen Paula Valerio ◽  
Felipe Gustavo Ravagnani ◽  
Angela Paola Yaya Candela ◽  
Bruna Dias Carvalho da Costa ◽  
Graziella Eliza Ronsein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Mitochondrial Fragmentation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Uva Light

The effects of UV light on the skin have been extensively investigated. However, systematic information about how exposure to UVA light, the least energetic but the most abundant UV radiation reaching the Earth, shapes the subcellular organization of proteins is lacking. Using subcellular fractionation, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, machine learning algorithms, immunofluorescence, and functional assays, we mapped the subcellular reorganization of the proteome of human keratinocytes in response to UVA light. Our workflow quantified and assigned subcellular localization and redistribution patterns for over 3000 proteins, of which about 600 were found to redistribute upon UVA exposure. Reorganization of the proteome affected modulators of signaling pathways, cellular metabolism and DNA damage response. Strikingly, mitochondria were identified as the main target of UVA-induced stress. Further investigation demonstrated that UVA induces mitochondrial fragmentation, up-regulates redox-responsive proteins and attenuates respiratory rates. These observations emphasize the role of this radiation as a potent metabolic stressor in the skin.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

Beyond the Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laura Hall ◽  
Urpi Pine ◽  
Tanya Shute
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
People First

Abstract This paper will reflect on key findings from a Summer 2017 initiative entitled The Role of Culture and Land-Based Healing in Addressing and Ending Violence against Indigenous Women and Two-Spirited People. The Indigenist and decolonizing methodological approach of this work ensured that all research was grounded in experiential and reciprocal ways of learning. Two major findings guide the next phase of this research, complicating the premise that traditional economic activities are healing for Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people. First, the complexities of the mainstream labour force were raised numerous times. Traditional economies are pressured in ongoing ways through exploitative labour practices. Secondly, participants emphasized the importance of attending to the responsibility of nurturing, enriching, and sustaining the wellbeing of soil, water, and original seeds in the process of creating renewal gardens as a healing endeavour. In other words, we have an active role to play in healing the environment and not merely using the environment to heal ourselves. Gardening as research and embodied knowledge was stressed by extreme weather changes including hail in June, 2018, which meant that participants spent as much time talking about the healing of the earth and her systems as the healing of Indigenous women in a context of ongoing colonialism.

“Eternal Bodies”: images of archangels in the upper parts of Nubian buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-736
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łaptaś
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cosmic Space

Images of archangels and angels, which were painted on the walls, in the upper parts of the buildings and, on their structural elements, were very popular in Christian Nubian painting as attested by the discoveries from Church SWN.BV on the citadel in Old Dongola. These images, which derive from pre-Christian art, depict the eternal nature of the archangels and angels. Presenting this group of representations, the author traces the origins of these images to highlight the role of these spiritual beings as intermediaries between God and humankind. As such, they move freely between the Heavens and the Earth, so the air and cosmic space are their natural surroundings. Moreover, archangels govern the forces of nature, the planets, and the seven skies. Therefore, their sanctuaries were located on hill summits, in the upper chapels, on structural elements of ecclesiastical buildings, etc. The Nubian tradition is therefore part of a broader Mediterranean tradition, the roots of which should be sought in the Near East.

The Role of the Earth Sciences in Fostering Global Equity & Stability

GSA Today ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
W.G. Ernst ◽  
G. Heiken ◽  
Susan M. Landon ◽  
P. Patrick Leahy ◽  
Eldridge Moores
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
The Earth

Role of machine learning algorithms over heart diseases prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Kumar Jonnavithula ◽  
Abhilash Kumar Jha ◽  
Modepalli Kavitha ◽  
Singaraju Srinivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms

scholarly journals DNA Damage Response in Multiple Myeloma: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Takayuki Saitoh ◽  
Tsukasa Oda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy characterized by genomic instability. MM cells present various forms of genetic instability, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and base-pair alterations, as well as changes in chromosome number. The tumor microenvironment and an abnormal DNA repair function affect genetic instability in this disease. In addition, states of the tumor microenvironment itself, such as inflammation and hypoxia, influence the DNA damage response, which includes DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptotic pathways. Unrepaired DNA damage in tumor cells has been shown to exacerbate genomic instability and aberrant features that enable MM progression and drug resistance. This review provides an overview of the DNA repair pathways, with a special focus on their function in MM, and discusses the role of the tumor microenvironment in governing DNA repair mechanisms.

Dissecting the Role of Thyrotropin in the DNA Damage Response in Human Thyrocytes after 131I, γ Radiation and H2O2

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Aglaia Kyrilli ◽  
David Gacquer ◽  
Vincent Detours ◽  
Anne Lefort ◽  
Frédéric Libert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Damage Response

Abstract Background The early molecular events in human thyrocytes after 131I exposure have not yet been unravelled. Therefore, we investigated the role of TSH in the 131I-induced DNA damage response and gene expression in primary cultured human thyrocytes. Methods Following exposure of thyrocytes, in the presence or absence of TSH, to 131I (β radiation), γ radiation (3 Gy), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we assessed DNA damage, proliferation, and cell-cycle status. We conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression after each type of exposure and evaluated the influence of TSH on each transcriptomic response. Results Overall, the thyrocyte responses following exposure to β or γ radiation and to H2O2 were similar. However, TSH increased 131I-induced DNA damage, an effect partially diminished after iodide uptake inhibition. Specifically, TSH increased the number of DNA double-strand breaks in nonexposed thyrocytes and thus predisposed them to greater damage following 131I exposure. This effect most likely occurred via Gα q cascade and a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. β and γ radiation prolonged thyroid cell-cycle arrest to a similar extent without sign of apoptosis. The gene expression profiles of thyrocytes exposed to β/γ radiation or H2O2 were overlapping. Modulations in genes involved in inflammatory response, apoptosis, and proliferation were observed. TSH increased the number and intensity of modulation of differentially expressed genes after 131I exposure. Conclusions TSH specifically increased 131I-induced DNA damage probably via a rise in ROS levels and produced a more prominent transcriptomic response after exposure to 131I.

scholarly journals Harnessing SmartPhones to Personalize Nutrition in a Time of Global Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Niv Zmora ◽  
Eran Elinav
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Physical Interactions

The soar in COVID-19 cases around the globe has forced many to adapt to social distancing and self-isolation. In order to reduce contact with healthcare facilities and other patients, the CDC has advocated the use of telemedicine, i.e., electronic information and telecommunication technology. While these changes may disrupt normal behaviors and routines and induce anxiety, resulting in decreased vigilance to healthy diet and physical activity and reluctance to seek medical attention, they may just as well be circumvented using modern technology. Indeed, as the beginning of the pandemic a plethora of alternatives to conventional physical interactions were introduced. In this Perspective, we portray the role of SmartPhone applications (apps) in monitoring healthy nutrition, from their basic functionality as food diaries required for simple decision-making and nutritional interventions, through more advanced purposes, such as multi-dimensional data-mining and development of machine learning algorithms. Finally, we will delineate the emerging field of personalized nutrition and introduce pioneering technologies and concepts yet to be incorporated in SmartPhone-based dietary surveillance.

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