scholarly journals The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesia da Silva ◽  
Arif M Tanmoy ◽  
Agila K Pragasam ◽  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Islam Sajib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
And Control

The emergence of increasingly antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) threatens to undermine effective treatment and control. Here, aiming to investigate the temporal and geographic patterns of emergence and spread of AMR S. Typhi, we sequenced 3,489 S. Typhi isolated from prospective surveillance in South Asia and combined these with a global collection of 4,169 S. Typhi genomes. Our analysis revealed that independent acquisition of plasmids and homoplastic mutations conferring AMR have occurred repeatedly in multiple lineages of S. Typhi, predominantly arising in South Asia. We found evidence of frequent international and intercontinental transfers of AMR S. Typhi, followed by rapid expansion and replacement of antimicrobial-susceptible clades.

The malS-5′UTR regulates hisG, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yan ◽  
Lin Xia ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
George Osei-Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Shine Dalgarno Sequence ◽  
Bax Gene

Bacterial noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) regulate diverse cellular processes, including virulence and environmental fitness. The malS 5′ untranslated region (named malS-5′UTR) was identified as a regulatory ncRNA that increases the invasive capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. An IntaRNA search suggested base pairing between malS-5′UTR and hisG mRNA, a key gene in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR markedly reduced bacterial growth in minimal medium without histidine. Overexpression of malS-5′UTR increased mRNA from his operon genes, independently of the bax gene, and decreased HisG protein in Salmonella Typhi. RNA structure analysis showed base pairing of the malS-5′UTR RNA with the hisG mRNA across the ribosome binding site. Thus, we propose that malS-5′UTR inhibited hisG translation, probably by base pairing to the Shine–Dalgarno sequence.

scholarly journals Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srujana Mohanty ◽  
Rajni Gaind ◽  
Rachna Sehgal ◽  
Harish Chellani ◽  
Monorama Deb
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Neonatal Septicaemia ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Life Threatening

Sepsis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A is rare in neonates. Though described as a mild and unrecognized illness in infants, life-threatening complications and even deaths have been reported. We present five cases of neonatal septicaemia due to S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The cases were presented because of their interesting clinical presentations and possible modes of transmission. Salmonella infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis neonatorum, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Spontaneous emergence of azithromycin resistance in independent lineages of Salmonella Typhi in Northern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Carey ◽  
Ruby Jain ◽  
Mohammad Yousuf ◽  
Mailis Maes ◽  
Zoe A. Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Key Points ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a major threat to the effective treatment and control of typhoid fever. The ongoing outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) in Pakistan has left azithromycin as the only remaining broadly efficacious oral antimicrobial for typhoid in South Asia. Ominously, azithromycin resistant S. Typhi organisms have been subsequently reported in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal.MethodsHere, we aimed to understand the molecular basis of AMR in 66 S. Typhi isolated in a cross-sectional study performed in a suburb of Chandigarh in Northern India using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsWe identified seven S. Typhi organisms with the R717Q mutation in the acrB gene that was recently found to confer resistance to azithromycin in Bangladesh. Six out of the azithromycin-resistant S. Typhi isolates also exhibited triple mutations in gyrA (S83F and D87N) and parC (S80I) genes and were resistant to ciprofloxacin. These contemporary ciprofloxacin/azithromycin-resistant isolates were phylogenetically distinct from each other and from those reported from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal.ConclusionsThe independent emergence of azithromycin resistant typhoid in Northern India reflects an emerging broader problem across South Asia and illustrates the urgent need for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in the region.Key pointsWe identified ciprofloxacin/azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) in Chandigarh in Northern India. The independent emergence of ciprofloxacin/azithromycin-resistant typhoid in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, and India and the continued spread of extensively-drug resistant (XDR) typhoid in Pakistan highlight the limitations of licensed oral treatments for typhoid fever in South Asia.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Widal Slide Examination Results between Tubex TF on Febrile Observation Patients Over 3 Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nosa Ika Cahyariza ◽  
Rofiatu Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
The Difference

Typhoid fever is systematic bacterial disease usually occurs and has a high mortality rate each year, a disease transmitted from person to person due to contamination of feces, food, and water. The cause is bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) which is a natural host and reservoir for human. The limitations of the diagnostic test led to the increasing mortality rate due to typhoid fever. Besides ensuring infection in individuals, accurate serological tests are needed to ascertain the actual burden of the disease. Serological tests which are usually carried out in Puskesmas and hospital are Widal and Tubex Tf examinations. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in Widal and Tubex TF serological examinations in febrile patients over three days non-typhoid so patients can immediately find out whether they have typhoid fever or not. This study used a laboratory exploration method by examining 24 samples using Widal TYDAL and TUBEX® TF IDL Biotech. As many as 24 samples were examined by widal with antisera O, H, AH, and BH. Twenty-four of the same samples analyzed by TUBEX® TF. Results comparison of diagnostic from both methods will be compared using Mc Nemar test with significance = 0.05. Based on the examination which had done, it showed the difference in the results of Widal slide and lg M Anti Salmonella (Tubex Tf) in patients with febrile observation over three days. So, it can conclude that Tubex Tf examinations were better that widal slide examination because Tubex Tf uses Salmonella typhi anti-O9 antigen which can distinguish these organisms from >99% other Salmonella bacteria serotypes so that Tubex Tf examination is more specific.

scholarly journals Erratum Erratum to: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi H58 clone has been endemic in Zimbabwe from 2012 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapfumanei Mashe ◽  
Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon ◽  
Sekesai Mtapuri-Zinyowera ◽  
Robert A Kingsley ◽  
V Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi

scholarly journals Endo-sponge Assisted Early Surgical Closure of Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomotic Leakage Preserves Long-term Function: A Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537-1545
Author(s):  
Karin A Wasmann ◽  
Maud A Reijntjes ◽  
Merel E Stellingwerf ◽  
Cyriel Y Ponsioen ◽  
Christianne J Buskens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Ileal Pouch ◽  
Pelvic Sepsis ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Pouch Failure ◽  
Pouch Function ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background and Aims Endo-sponge [Braun Medical] assisted early surgical closure [ESC] is an effective treatment to control pelvic sepsis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA] leakage, and became standard treatment in our centre from 2010 onwards. The aim of this cohort study was to assess the long-term pouch function of ulcerative colitis [UC] patients treated with ESC or conventional management [CM] for anastomotic leakage after IPAA. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent an IPAA for UC between 2002 and 2017 were included. Patients treated with ESC [2010–2017] or CM [2002–2009] for anastomotic leakage were compared with control patients without anastomotic leakage of the corresponding time period. Main endpoints were long-term pouch function on a 3-point scale and pouch failure, as measured with the validated pouch dysfunction score questionnaire. Results Some 280 of 334 patients [84%] returned the pouch dysfunction questionnaire, of whom 18 were treated with ESC and 22 with CM for anastomotic leakage. Control cohorts included 133 [2010–2017] and 107 patients [2002–2009]. Between ESC-treated patients and control patients, pouch function [p = 0.647] and pouch failure rates [0/18 versus 5/133, p >0.99] were similar. CM resulted in worse pouch function [p = 0.016] and a higher pouch failure rate [5/22 versus 5/107, p = 0.013] compared with control patients. Conclusions ESC, in contrast to CM, for IPAA leakage in UC patients is associated with preservation of pouch function and preclusion of pouch failure, probably due to early and effective treatment of pelvic sepsis.

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