scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infections elicit higher levels of original antigenic sin antibodies compared to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Anderson ◽  
Theresa Eilola ◽  
Eileen Goodwin ◽  
Marcus J. Bolton ◽  
Sigrid Gouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
List Type ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

SUMMARYSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines elicit higher levels of antibodies compared to natural SARS-CoV-2 infections in most individuals; however, the specificities of antibodies elicited by vaccination versus infection remain incompletely understood. Here, we characterized the magnitude and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 spike-reactive antibodies from 10 acutely infected health care workers and 23 participants who received mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We found that infection and primary mRNA vaccination elicited S1 and S2-reactive antibodies, while secondary vaccination boosted mostly S1 antibodies. Using magnetic bead-based absorption assays, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infections elicited a large proportion of original antigenic sin-like antibodies that bound efficiently to common seasonal human coronaviruses but poorly to SARS-CoV-2. In converse, vaccination only modestly boosted antibodies reactive to common seasonal human coronaviruses and these antibodies bound efficiently to SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations elicit fundamentally different antibody responses compared to SARS-CoV-2 infections.Abstract FigureHIGHLIGHTSSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines elicit higher levels of antibodies compared to SARS-CoV-2 infectionsThe first dose of an mRNA vaccine generates both S1 and S2 responses while the second dose boosts primarily S1-specific antibodiesSARS-CoV-2 infections, but not mRNA vaccinations, elicit high levels of antibodies that bind strongly to seasonal coronaviruses but weakly to SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals Day by day symptoms following positive and negative PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalised health-care workers: a 90-day follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent J. Nielsen ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
Vivi Schlünssen ◽  
Jens Peter Bonde ◽  
Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Muscle Ache

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the long-term course of symptoms for mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when accounting for symptoms due to other causes. We aimed to compare symptoms day by day for non-hospitalised individuals who tested positive and negative with polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsWe followed 210 test-positive and 630 individually matched test-negative health-care workers of the Central Denmark Region up to 90 days after the test, April-June 2020. They daily reported seven COVID-19 related symptoms. Symptom courses were compared graphically and by conditional multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThirty % of test-positive and close to zero of test-negative participants reported a reduced sense of taste and smell during all 90 days of follow-up (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 86.07, 95% CI 22.86-323). Dyspnoea was reported by an initial 20% of test-positive with a gradual decline to about 5% after 30 days without ever reaching the level of the test-negative participants (aOR 6.88, 95% CI 2.41-19.63). Cough, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, and fever were temporarily more prevalent among the test positive participants, but after 30 days, no increases were seen. Women and participants aged 45 years or older tended to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionPrevalence of long-lasting reduced sense of taste and smell is highly increased after being diagnosed with mild COVID-19. This pattern is also seen for dyspnoea at a low level but not for cough, sore throat, headache, muscle ache or pain, or fever.Key messagesReduced sense of taste and smell is present at a highly increased level of 30% during 90 days after testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2).Test-positive participants experience dyspnoea persistently more often than test-negative participants but affect only few.The prevalence of cough, sore throat, headache, muscle ache or pain, and fever following a positive test reach the level seen after a negative test within 30 days.Women and participants aged 45 years or older tend to be more susceptible to symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2–Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Norwegian Health Care Workers After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai-Chi Trieu ◽  
Amit Bansal ◽  
Anders Madsen ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Marianne Sævik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries experienced infection in health care workers (HCW) due to overburdened health care systems. Whether infected HCW acquire protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Methods In a Norwegian prospective cohort study, we enrolled 607 HCW before and after the first COVID-19 wave. Exposure history, COVID-19–like symptoms, and serum samples were collected. SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies were characterized by spike-protein IgG/IgM/IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent and live-virus neutralization assays. Results Spike-specific IgG/IgM/IgA antibodies increased after the first wave in HCW with, but not in HCW without, COVID-19 patient exposure. Thirty-two HCW (5.3%) had spike-specific antibodies (11 seroconverted with ≥4-fold increase, 21 were seropositive at baseline). Neutralizing antibodies were found in 11 HCW that seroconverted, of whom 4 (36.4%) were asymptomatic. Ninety-seven HCW were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during follow-up; 8 were positive (7 seroconverted, 1 had undetectable antibodies). Conclusions We found increases in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in infected HCW, especially after COVID-19 patient exposure. Our data show a low number of SARS-CoV-2–seropositive HCW in a low-prevalence setting; however, the proportion of seropositivity was higher than RT-PCR positivity, highlighting the importance of antibody testing.

scholarly journals A super-spreader of SARS-CoV-2 in incubation period among health-care workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaojie Wei ◽  
Yufeng Yuan ◽  
Zhenshun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, it has been characterized as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). It was reported that asymptomatic persons are potential sources of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We present an outbreak among health-care workers incited by a doctor who cared a patient with COVID-19 in a Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which indicates existence of super-spreader even during incubation period.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infection outbreak among health care workers: perspective from a low-middle income country

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishanth Dev ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Jhuma Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Global Threat

To the Editor, The new pandemic COVID -19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat. So far, more than 11 million infections and more than five hundred thousand deaths have been reported worldwide. In India the number of cases as of 5th July, 2020 is 6,73,165 with 19,268 deaths. Health care workers (HCWs) have been the backbone of this pandemic since the very beginning...

scholarly journals Hemodialysis with Cohort Isolation to Prevent Secondary Transmission during a COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1398-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Hee Cho ◽  
Seok Hui Kang ◽  
Hayne Cho Park ◽  
Dong Ki Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Secondary Transmission ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Close Contacts

Background Health care–associated infections during previous coronavirus epidemics involving severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome resulted from human-to-human transmission in hemodialysis (HD) facilities. The effect of a strategy of HD with cohort isolation—separate dialysis sessions for close contacts of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—on the prevention of secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in HD units is unknown.MethodsOur multicenter cohort study of an HD with cohort isolation strategy enrolled close contacts of patients with confirmed COVID-19, including patients on HD and health care workers in HD units. Close contacts had been identified by epidemiologic investigation and tested negative on an immediate screening test for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAs of March 14, 11 patients on HD and 7 health care workers from 11 HD centers were diagnosed as having COVID-19. The immediate screening test was performed in 306 people, and among them, 302 close contacts with negative test results were enrolled. HD with cohort isolation was performed among all close contacts for a median of 14 days in seven centers. During cohort isolation, nine patients showed symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two health care workers in the HD units (0.66% of the total group) were diagnosed at the termination test for SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionsThe transmission of COVID-19 can be controlled without closure of HD centers by implementing preemptive activities, including early detection with rapid testing, cohort isolation, collaboration between institutions, and continuous monitoring of infection. Our strategy and experience may provide helpful guidance for circumstances involving the rapid spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

Fear of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Among Health Care Workers.

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Y. Ho ◽  
Rosalie S. Y. Kwong-Lo ◽  
Christine W. Y. Mak ◽  
Joe S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Workers
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