scholarly journals The Effect of Headgear Use on Concussion Injury Rates in High School Lacrosse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Herman ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Patricia M. Kelshaw ◽  
Heather K. Vincent ◽  
Andrew E. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
List Type ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
New Findings ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractObjectivesThe use of headgear is a controversial issue in girls’ lacrosse. We compared concussion rates among high school lacrosse players wearing versus not wearing lacrosse headgear.MethodsStudy participants included a sample of convenience of high schools with girls’ lacrosse from across the United States. Certified athletic trainers reported athlete exposure and injury data via the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network during the 2019 through 2021 seasons. The Headgear cohort was inclusive of high schools from the state of Florida, which mandate the use of ASTM standard F3137 headgear, while the Non-Headgear cohort was inclusive of the remaining states, none of which have headgear mandates. Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated. IRRs with corresponding CIs that excluded 1.00 were deemed statistically significant.Results141 concussions (Headgear: 25; Non-Headgear: 116) and 357,225 Athlete Exposures (AE) were reported (Headgear: 91,074AE; Non-Headgear: 266,151AE) across all games and practices. Overall, the concussion injury rate per 1000AE was significantly higher in the Non-Headgear cohort (0.44) than the Headgear Cohort (0.27) (IRR=1.59, 95% CI:1.03 - 2.45). The IRR was significantly higher for the Non-Headgear cohort during games (1.74, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.02) but not for practices (1.42, 95% CI: 0.71, 2.83).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that concussion rates among high school girls’ lacrosse players not wearing headgear were 59% higher than those wearing headgear. These data support the use of protective headgear to reduce the risk of concussion among high school female lacrosse athletes.SummaryWhat are the new findingsThe use of lacrosse headgear meeting the ASTM F3137 standard was associated with a lower risk of experiencing a concussion injury among high school girls’ lacrosse players.How might these findings impact clinical practice in the future?Lacrosse headgear may be warranted for use for concussion risk mitigation among high school girls’ lacrosse players.Lacrosse headgear may be considered for concussion risk mitigation at other levels of play such as the youth or collegiate levels; further study is warranted.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Softball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Softball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin B. Wasserman ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Eric L. Sauers ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

Context The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's softball injury data. Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' softball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's softball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury surveillance from softball teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 41). Patients or Other Participants Girls' or women's softball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college. Main Outcome Measure(s) Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared injury rates by competition level, school size or division, event type, and time in season. Results The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 1357 time-loss injuries during 1 173 722 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 1848 time-loss injuries during 579 553 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (3.19 versus 1.16/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.76; 95% CI = 2.57, 2.96). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate in high school (IRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.82, 2.25) and in college (IRR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.27, 1.52). Softball players at both levels sustained a variety of injuries, with the most common being ankle sprains and concussions. Many injuries also occurred while fielding or running bases. Conclusions Injury rates were greater in collegiate versus high school softball and in competitions versus practices. These findings highlight the need for injury-prevention interventions, including strength-training and prevention programs to reduce ankle sprains and provide protection for batters from pitches and fielders from batted balls.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS LACROSSE HEADGEAR MANDATE IN THE REDUCTION OF HEAD AND FACE INJURIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0002
Author(s):  
Shayla Veasley ◽  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Michael Nguyen ◽  
Utkarsh Anil ◽  
Michael Alaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Astm Standard ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

INTRODUCTION: Due to a large number of eye injuries in girls’ lacrosse, US Lacrosse instituted a rule making protective eye-wear mandatory starting in the 2004-2005 season. Although the eye-wear was shown to significantly reduce injuries to the eyes, injuries to the head and face are still commonly reported despite body checks and stick checks to the body being illegal. In 2016, US lacrosse ruled that headgear could be used by its teams as long as it meets ASTM standard F3137*. There has been continued controversy over whether or not headgear in women’s lacrosse could make players more aggressive and/or lead to fewer dangerous call penalties by the officials, thus increasing the head and face injury rate. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic League, which governs most scholastic sports in New York City, became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women’s lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ASTM standard F3137 approved headgear on the rate of head and face injuries in high school girls’ lacrosse. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included three JV and five varsity girls’ lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 lacrosse seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2008-2009 to 2015-2016 lacrosse seasons as well as an external publication based on RIO data that provided concussion injury rates. RESULTS: Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22397 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1000 AEs. Two total head/face injuries (2 concussions) were reported during the study for both a head/face and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1000 AEs. There was a significant decrease in injury rates for total injuries (RR 0.4927; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.3037-0.7995; P-value 0.004) and head/face injuries (RR 0.2232; 95% CI, 0.2232-0.055; p-value 0.016) when comparing this data to the HS RIO study reports. When compared to the concussion data provided by the external RIO publication, there was a lower injury rate that was not found to be significant (RR 0.26; 95% CI, 0.0630 -1.033; p-value: 0.03879). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Headgear use did not increase the injury rate for the head/face when compared to data before the optional headgear use rule. This may help to dispel fears over an injury rate that would increase due to more aggressive play or less cautious officiating.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Basketball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Basketball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Clifton ◽  
Jay Hertel ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
School Girls

Context The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's basketball injury data. Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' basketball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's basketball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury surveillance from basketball teams in high school girls (annual average = 100) and collegiate women (annual average = 57). Patients or Other Participants Girls' and women's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college. Main Outcome Measure(s) Certified athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level. Results The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 2930 time-loss injuries during 1 609 733 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 3887 time-loss injuries during 783 600 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (4.96 versus 1.82/1000 AEs; IRR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.60, 2.86). The injury rate was higher in competitions than in practices for both high school (IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.82, 3.26) and collegiate (IRR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.86, 2.12) players. The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, concussions, and muscle/tendon strains; the majority of injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. These injuries were often caused by contact with another player or a noncontact mechanism. Conclusions Injury rates were higher in collegiate than in high school athletes and in competitions than in practices. Similarities in distributions of injuries by body parts, specific diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury suggest that both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries Among US High School Softball Players, 2005-2006 Through 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596711986742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Michael G. Saper ◽  
Monika Drogosz ◽  
Hillary A. Plummer ◽  
Alan T. Arakkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Elbow Injuries

Background: Injury prevalence has been well described among baseball athletes; similarly, a better understanding of injuries in softball athletes is needed. Purpose: To examine shoulder and elbow injury epidemiology among high school softball athletes in the United States. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Injury data were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance System, which captures data from a large national sample of US high schools. Annually, a random sample of 100 high schools provided a representative sample with respect to the 4 US Census geographic regions and 2 school sizes (cutoff point, 1000 students). Athletic trainers from participating schools reported data for athlete-exposures (AEs; practice or competition) and shoulder and elbow injuries from 2005-2006 through 2016-2017. Results: A total of 239 shoulder injuries and 85 elbow injuries occurred within 2,095,329 AEs. The overall shoulder injury rate was 1.14 per 10,000 AEs, whereas the overall elbow injury rate was 0.41 per 10,000 AEs. Injuries to the shoulder were more likely to occur during competition as compared with practice (rate ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.99-1.65). Half of the shoulder (50.4%) and elbow 48.9% injuries were due to an overuse/chronic mechanism. Of the athletes sustaining an injury, 86.8% with shoulder injuries and 93.0% with elbow injuries returned to play within 21 days. Only 16.7% of shoulder injuries and 17.5% of elbow injuries were sustained by pitchers. Conclusion: Shoulder and elbow injury rates, time to return, and percentage of injuries among pitchers were far lower in high school softball than previously reported values for high school baseball. There were relatively low incidences of shoulder and elbow injuries in high school softball as compared with baseball, with few injuries requiring lengthy time to return to play.

The Sojourner Experience of Yemeni American High School Students: An Ethnographic Portrait

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukia Sarroub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

In this article, Loukia Sarroub explores the relationships between Yemeni American high school girls and their land of origin. She also illustrates the tensions that often arise between immigrant students' lives and the goals of U.S. public schooling. Sarroub begins by providing historical background on Yemeni and Arab culture and international migration. Then, drawing upon a larger ethnographic study set in the Detroit, Michigan, area, she presents a case study of one girl's experiences in the contexts of home, school, and community in both the United States and Yemen. Throughout the study, Sarroub makes thematic comparisons to the experiences of five other Yemeni American high school girls. She uses the notion of the "sojourner" to highlight the fact that many Yemenis "remain isolated from various aspects of American life while maintaining ties to their homeland." Sarroub describes the relationships between Yemen and the United States as social and physical "spaces" from which high school girls' networks and identities emerge. She suggests that in this particular Yemeni community, which was fraught with ritual and sanctioned norms, public schooling was both liberating and a sociocultural threat. This duality sometimes led girls to disengage with home and school worlds and to create "imagined" spaces that could bridge their Yemeni and American lives. Sarroub's study provide a larger lens through which to understand the multiple spaces students must negotiate and the sojourner experience of this Yemeni community in the United States. (pp. 390–415)

Science World, High School Girls, and the Prospect of Scientific Careers, 1957–1963

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevan G. Terzian
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Science ◽  
United States Government ◽  
High School Science ◽  
Betty Friedan ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Female Scientists

A host of scholars have illuminated the ways in which schools and other institutions have created and then sustained a vast gender gap in the scientific professions. Many of these studies have focused on overt discrimination: deliberate efforts by men to prevent the entry of women into scientific pursuits. Others have identified subtle and culturally mediated processes that have often led girls away from scientific courses and careers. This article examines rhetorically lofty, but qualified, efforts to encourage women's interest in science, and it demonstrates how even these attempts may have contributed to the gender gap in the scientific professions. Specifically, it focuses on the portrayal of women scientists in a high school science magazine,Science World, and analyzes its ambiguous messages to high school girls about the possibility of careers in science. This essay employs ideas about curricular self-selection and the formulation of career aspirations in interpreting the depiction of female scientists in issues from the time of the magazine's founding in 1957 to 1963, the year Betty Friedan publishedThe Feminine Mystiqueand the symbolic dawn of the liberal feminist movement. During these years, the United States government funded numerous educational initiatives in response to the Soviet Union's launching of Sputnik to attract more students to the scientific professions. In addition, professional scientists revised high school curricula in physics and biology to foster public rationality, critical thinking, and greater appreciation of scientific inquiry. The late postwar era also marked the beginning of greater female participation in the sciences.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Volleyball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Volleyball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 926-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Andrew J. Gregory ◽  
Jill Wosmek ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Women's Volleyball

Context:  The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided in the acquisition of girls' and women's volleyball injury data. Objective:  To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' volleyball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's volleyball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. Design:  Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting:  Online injury surveillance from high school girls' (annual average = 100) and collegiate women's (annual average = 50) volleyball teams. Patients or Other Participants:  Girls' and women's volleyball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated. Results:  The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 1634 time-loss injuries during 1 471 872 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 2149 time-loss injuries during 563 845 AEs. The injury rate was higher in college than in high school (3.81/1000 versus 1.11/1000 AEs; IRR = 3.43; 95% CI = 3.22, 3.66), and higher in high schools with ≤1000 students than in those with >1000 students (IRR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.23, 1.49). Injury rates did not vary by collegiate division. The injury rate was higher during competitions than practices for high school (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.36) but not for college (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.92, 1.10). Ankle sprains were common in both the high school and collegiate setting. However, liberos had a high incidence of concussion. Conclusions:  Injury rates were higher among collegiate than high school players. However, injury rates differed by event type in high school, unlike college. Concussion injury patterns among liberos varied from those for other positions. These findings highlight the need for injury-prevention interventions specific to setting and position.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Lacrosse (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Lacrosse (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Nina Walker ◽  
Andrew E. Lincoln ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

Context The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's lacrosse injury data. Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' lacrosse in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's lacrosse in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014-academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Online injury surveillance from high school girls' (annual average = 55) and collegiate women's (annual average = 19) lacrosse teams. Patients or Other Participants Female lacrosse players who participated in practices or competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years for high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years for college. Main Outcome Measure(s) Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis. Results High school RIO documented 700 time-loss injuries during 481 687 AEs; the NCAA-ISP documented 1027 time-loss injuries during 287 856 AEs. The total injury rate during 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 was higher in college than in high school (2.55 versus 1.45/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.54, 1.99). Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (51.1%) and practices in college (63.8%). Rates were higher during competitions compared with practices in high school (IRR = 2.32; 95% CI = 2.00, 2.69) and college (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.09, 2.70). Concussion was the most common diagnosis among all high school and most collegiate player positions, and the main mechanism of contact was with a playing apparatus (eg, stick, ball). Ligament sprains were also common (HS RIO practices = 22.2%, competitions = 30.3%; NCAA-ISP practices = 25.5%, competitions = 30.9%). Conclusions Rates of injury were higher in college versus high school female lacrosse players and in competitions versus practices. Injury-prevention strategies are essential to decrease the incidence and severity of concussions and ligament sprains.

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