scholarly journals Sexual identity of enterocytes regulates rapamycin-mediated intestinal homeostasis and lifespan extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Regan ◽  
Yu-Xuan Lu ◽  
Enric Urena ◽  
Ralf Meilenbrock ◽  
James H Catterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Rapamycin Treatment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Intestinal Enterocytes

Pharmacological attenuation of mTOR by rapamycin and other compounds presents a promising route for delay of ageing-related pathologies, including intestinal cancers. Here, we show that rapamycin treatment in Drosophila extends lifespan in females but not in males. Female-specific, age-related gut pathology and impaired intestinal barrier function are both markedly slowed by rapamycin treatment, mediated by increased autophagy. Upon rapamycin treatment, female intestinal enterocytes increase autophagy, via the H3/H4 histone-Bchs axis, while male enterocytes show high basal levels of autophagy that do not increase further upon rapamycin treatment. Sexual identity of enterocytes alone, determined by the expression of transformerFemale, dictates sexually dimorphic cell size, H3/H4-Bchs expression, basal rates of autophagy, fecundity, intestinal homeostasis and extension of lifespan in response to rapamycin. This study highlights that tissue sex determines regulation of metabolic processes by mTOR and the efficacy of mTOR-targeted, anti-ageing drug treatments.

scholarly journals A Soybean Resistant Protein-Containing Diet Increased the Production of Reg3γ Through the Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Enhanced the Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Ogita ◽  
Fu Namai ◽  
Ayane Mikami ◽  
Takahiro Ishiguro ◽  
Koji Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Freeze Dried

The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is necessary for a good quality of life, and strengthening of the intestinal barrier function is thus an important issue. Therefore, we focused on soybean resistant protein (SRP) derived from kori-tofu (freeze-dried tofu), which is a traditional Japanese food, as a functional food component. In this study, to investigate the effect of SRP on the intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota, we conducted an SRP free intake experiment in mice. Results showed that ingestion of SRP decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and induced the expression of Reg3γ, thereby improving the intestinal barrier function. In addition, SRP intake induced changes in the cecal microbiota, as observed by changes in β-diversity. In particular, in the microbiota, the up-regulation of functional gene pathways related to the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells (ko05100) was observed, suggesting that Reg3γ expression was induced by the direct stimulation of epithelial cells. The results of this study suggest that SRP is a functional food component that may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Food as a Current Therapeutic Approach to Maintain a Healthy Intestinal Epithelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Eva Salinas ◽  
Diana Reyes-Pavón ◽  
Naima G. Cortes-Perez ◽  
Edgar Torres-Maravilla ◽  
Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal epithelium serves as an effective barrier against the external environment, hampering the passage of potentially harmful substances (such as pathogenic microbes) that could trigger an exacerbated host immune response. The integrity of this barrier is thus essential for the maintenance of proper intestinal homeostasis and efficient protective reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. The principal consequence of intestinal barrier defects is an increase in intestinal permeability, which leads to an increased influx of luminal stressors, such as pathogens, toxins, and allergens, which in turn trigger inflammation and immune response. The fine and fragile balance of intestinal homeostasis can be altered by multiple factors that regulate barrier function, many of which are poorly understood. This review will address the role of gut microbiota as well as food supplements (such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) in modulating gut health and regulating intestinal barrier function. In particular, we will focus on three human pathologies: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergy.

MicroRNA Determines the Fate of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Regulates Intestinal Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujuan Ding ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Hongmei Jiang ◽  
Jun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal function, promotes the nutritional needs of animals and strengthens intestinal barrier function to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short-chain, non-coding RNAs that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating hundreds of conserved target genes after transcription via seed pairing to the 3' untranslated regions. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs can improve intestinal function by participating in the proliferation and differentiation of different cell populations in the intestine. In addition, miRNAs also contribute to disease regulation and therefore not only play a vital role in the gastrointestinal disease management but also act as blood or tissue biomarkers of disease. As changes to the levels of miRNAs can change cell fates, miRNA-mediated gene regulation can be used to update therapeutic strategies and approaches to disease treatment.

Influence of Plant Bioactive Compounds on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Poultry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amlan Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Feeding

Natural plant bioactive compounds (PBC) have recently been explored as feed additives to improve productivity, health and welfare of poultry following ban or restriction of in-feed antibiotic use. Depending upon the types of PBC, they possess antimicrobial, digestive enzyme secretion stimulation, antioxidant and many pharmacological properties, which are responsible for beneficial effects in poultry production. Moreover, they may also improve the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport. In this review, the effects of different PBC on the barrier function, permeability of intestinal epithelia and their mechanism of actions are discussed, focusing on poultry feeding. Dietary PBC may regulate intestinal barrier function through several molecular mechanisms by interacting with different metabolic cascades and cellular transcription signals, which may then modulate expressions of genes and their proteins in the tight junction (e.g., claudins, occludin and junctional adhesion molecules), adherens junction (e.g., E-cadherin), other intercellular junctional proteins (e.g., zonula occludens and catenins), and regulatory proteins (e.g., kinases). Interactive effects of PBC on immunomodulation via expressions of several cytokines, chemokines, complement components, pattern recognition receptors and their transcription factors and cellular immune system, and alteration of mucin gene expressions and goblet cell abundances in the intestine may change barrier functions. The effects of PBC are not consistent among the studies depending upon the type and dose of PBC, physiological conditions and parts of the intestine in chickens. An effective concentration in diets and specific molecular mechanisms of PBC need to be elucidated to understand intestinal barrier functionality in a better way in poultry feeding.

scholarly journals BAFF Blockade Attenuates Inflammatory Responses and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in a Murine Endotoxemia Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Quan ◽  
Chaoyue Chen ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Endotoxemia Model

B cell-activating factor (BAFF) production is increased in septic patients. However, the specific role of BAFF in sepsis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the expression and function of BAFF in an experimental endotoxemia model and to identify the potential mechanisms. We established an endotoxemia mouse (6–8 weeks, 20–22 g) model by administering 30 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BAFF levels in the circulating system and organ tissues were measured 4 and 8 h after LPS injection. Survival rates in the endotoxemia mice were monitored for 72 h after BAFF blockade. The effects of BAFF blockade on systemic and local inflammation, organ injuries, and intestinal barrier function were also evaluated 4 h after LPS treatment. BAFF production was systemically and locally elevated after LPS challenge. BAFF blockade improved the survival rate, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ injuries. Moreover, BAFF blockade attenuated both intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal permeability. BAFF blockade upregulated ZO-1 and occludin protein levels via the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC signaling pathway. These results suggested that BAFF blockade protects against lethal endotoxemia at least partially by alleviating inflammation, multi-organ injuries, and improving intestinal barrier function and provides a novel focus for further research on sepsis and experimental evidence for clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Spray-Dried Plasma Improves Body Weight, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Tibia Strength during Experimental Constant Heat Stress Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Jared Ruff ◽  
Thaina L. Barros ◽  
Joy Campbell ◽  
Ricardo González-Esquerra ◽  
Christine N. Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran ◽  
Prolonged Heat ◽  
Spray Dried

The aim of this study was to see how spray-dried plasma (SDP) supplementation affected broiler chicken performance, intestinal permeability, and bone strength during persistent heat stress. One-day-old chicks (n = 480) were randomly assigned into twelve environmental corrals; four thermoneutral (TN-negative control, maintained at 24 °C from d 21–42); four heat stress (HS, exposed to 35 °C from d 21–42); and four heat stress treated with 2% SDP in the feed until d 28 followed by 1% SDP until d 42 (HS-SDP). The performance and serum levels of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) were evaluated at d 21, 28, 35, and 42. The tibias strength was evaluated on d 21 and 42. The increment in chicken temperature (p < 0.05) was observed two h following the increase in environmental temperature in both HS groups and was associated with decreased performance parameters compared with the TN group. At d 42 of age, the chickens exposed to HS had an impaired gut permeability and decreased tibia strength compared to the TN group (p < 0.05). However, partially feeding SDP mitigated these adverse effects significantly. These findings imply that using SDP strategically during stressful times, such as prolonged heat stress, may help mitigate its negative consequences.

scholarly journals Plectin ensures intestinal epithelial integrity and protects colon against colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Alzbeta Krausova ◽  
Petra Buresova ◽  
Lenka Sarnova ◽  
Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez ◽  
Jozef Skarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
In Vitro Feeding

AbstractPlectin, a highly versatile cytolinker protein, provides tissues with mechanical stability through the integration of intermediate filaments (IFs) with cell junctions. Here, we hypothesize that plectin-controlled cytoarchitecture is a critical determinant of the intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. Mice lacking plectin in an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC; PleΔIEC) spontaneously developed colitis characterized by extensive detachment of IECs from the basement membrane (BM), increased intestinal permeability, and inflammatory lesions. Moreover, plectin expression was reduced in the colons of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and negatively correlated with the severity of colitis. Mechanistically, plectin deficiency in IECs led to aberrant keratin filament (KF) network organization and the formation of dysfunctional hemidesmosomes (HDs) and intercellular junctions. In addition, the hemidesmosomal α6β4 integrin (Itg) receptor showed attenuated association with KFs, and protein profiling revealed prominent downregulation of junctional constituents. Consistent with the effects of plectin loss in the intestinal epithelium, plectin-deficient IECs exhibited remarkably reduced mechanical stability and limited adhesion capacity in vitro. Feeding mice with a low-residue liquid diet that reduced mechanical stress and antibiotic treatment successfully mitigated epithelial damage in the PleΔIEC colon.

scholarly journals Microecological preparation combined with an modified low-carbon diet improves glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Liehui Xiao ◽  
Hezhongrong Nie ◽  
Yong Pan ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet on the glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients. Methods From August 2017 to July 2020, 66 obese patients were recruited, and administrated with an modified low-carbon diet with (group A) or without (Group B) microecology preparation and a balanced diet in control group (group C) for 6 months. Meanwhile, 20 volunteers administrated with a balanced diet were recruited as the healthy control group (group D). Results After 6-month intervention, obese subjects in group A and B showed significant improvement of body and liver fat mass, reduction of serum lipid levels, intestinal barrier function markers, insulin resistance index (IRI), high blood pressure (HBP) and carotid intima thickness, as compared with subjects in group C. More importantly, subjects in group A had better improvement of vascular endothelial elasticity and intimal thickness than subjects in group B. However, these intervention had no effect on carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion Administration of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet had better improvement of intestinal barrier function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular complications than low-carbon diet in obese patients, but the effect of a simple low-carb diet on carotid atherosclerotic plaque need to be further addressed.

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