scholarly journals Radical pairs may explain reactive oxygen species-mediated effects of hypomagnetic field on neurogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabh Rishabh ◽  
Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi ◽  
Dennis Salahub ◽  
Christoph Simon
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Hypomagnetic Field

Exposures to a hypomagnetic field can affect biological processes. Recently, it has been observed that hypomagnetic field exposure can adversely affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent cognition in mice. In the same study, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypomagnetic field effects has been demonstrated. However, the mechanistic reasons behind this effect are not clear. This study proposes a radical pair mechanism based on a flavin-superoxide radical pair to explain the modulation of ROS production and the attenuation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a hypomagnetic field. The results of our calculations favor a singlet-born radical pair over a triplet-born radical pair. Our model predicts hypomagnetic field effects on the triplet/singlet yield of comparable strength as the effects observed in experimental studies on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our predictions are also in qualitative agreement with experimental results on superoxide concentration and other observed ROS effects. We also predict the effects of applied magnetic fields and oxygen isotopic substitution on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our findings strengthen the idea that nature might harness quantum resources in the context of the brain.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Key components in Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswa Mohan Sahoo ◽  
Bimal Krishna Banik ◽  
Preetismita Borah ◽  
Adya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Organelles

: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) refer to the highly reactive substances, which contain oxygen radicals. Hypochlorous acid, peroxides, superoxide, singlet oxygen, alpha-oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the major examples of ROS. Generally, the reduction of oxygen (O2) in molecular form produces superoxide (•O2−) anion. ROS are produced during a variety of biochemical reactions within the cell organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisome. Naturally, ROS are also formed as a byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. The production of ROS can be induced by various factors such as heavy metals, tobacco, smoke, drugs, xenobiotics, pollutants and radiation. From various experimental studies, it is reported that ROS act as either tumor suppressing or tumor promoting agent. The elevated levels of ROS can arrest the growth of tumor through the persistent increase in cell cycle inhibition. The increased level of ROS can induce apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. ROS are considered to be tumor suppressing agent as the production of ROS is due to the use of most of the chemotherapeutic agents in order to activate the cell death. The cytotoxic effect of ROS provides impetus towards apoptosis, but in higher levels, ROS can cause initiation of malignancy that leads to uncontrolled cell death in cancer cells. Whereas, some species of ROS can influence various activities at the cellular level that include cell proliferation. This review highlights the genesis of ROS within cells by various routes and their role in cancer therapies.

The Kinetics of the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Neutrophils after Incubation in a Hypomagnetic Field

BIOPHYSICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
V. V. Novikov ◽  
E. V. Yablokova ◽  
I. A. Shaev ◽  
E. E. Fesenko
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hypomagnetic Field ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to a hypomagnetic field attenuates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingfang Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Aisheng Zhan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Lanxiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hypomagnetic Field ◽  
Dependent Learning

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to learning and memory, and is sensitive to a variety of environmental stimuli. Exposure to a hypomagnetic field (HMF) influences the cognitive processes of various animals, from insects to human beings. However, whether HMF exposure affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent cognitions is still an enigma. Here, we showed that male C57BL/6 J mice exposed to HMF by means of near elimination of the geomagnetic field (GMF) exhibit significant impairments of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent learning, which is strongly correlated with a reduction in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, these deficits seen in HMF-exposed mice could be rescued either by elevating ROS levels through pharmacological inhibition of ROS removal or by returning them back to GMF. Therefore, our results suggest that GMF plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis through maintaining appropriate endogenous ROS levels.

scholarly journals Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lifespan: A Comprehensive Review of Comparative and Experimental Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel J. Shields ◽  
Annika Traa ◽  
Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding aging, the mechanisms underlying the aging process remain incompletely understood. The widely-accepted free radical theory of aging (FRTA) proposes that the accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the primary causes of aging. To define the relationship between ROS and aging, there have been two main approaches: comparative studies that measure outcomes related to ROS across species with different lifespans, and experimental studies that modulate ROS levels within a single species using either a genetic or pharmacologic approach. Comparative studies have shown that levels of ROS and oxidative damage are inversely correlated with lifespan. While these studies in general support the FRTA, this type of experiment can only demonstrate correlation, not causation. Experimental studies involving the manipulation of ROS levels in model organisms have generally shown that interventions that increase ROS tend to decrease lifespan, while interventions that decrease ROS tend to increase lifespan. However, there are also multiple examples in which the opposite is observed: increasing ROS levels results in extended longevity, and decreasing ROS levels results in shortened lifespan. While these studies contradict the predictions of the FRTA, these experiments have been performed in a very limited number of species, all of which have a relatively short lifespan. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between ROS and lifespan is complex, and that ROS can have both beneficial or detrimental effects on longevity depending on the species and conditions. Accordingly, the relationship between ROS and aging is difficult to generalize across the tree of life.

Improvement of a novel proposal for antioxidant treatment against brain damage occurring in ischemic stroke patients.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Orellana-Urzúa ◽  
Gonzalo Claps ◽  
Ramón Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Stroke Patients

: The underlying mechanism of cerebral injury occurring in patients with acute ischemic stroke involves a key pathophysiological role of oxidative stress. Thus, reactive oxygen species are related to the development of brain edema, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, iron release and inflammation. Nevertheless, although experimental studies have tested the use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy in this setting, clinical data and randomized trials are still lacking. Current approved pharmacological therapy is aimed at reperfusion strategies; however, the therapeutic window is limited and also challenged by the injury known to result from the reperfusion. We have recently defined a timecourse occurrence of pathological events triggered by reperfusion-dependent increased reactive oxygen species, thus suggesting the beneficial role of the pertinent use of antioxidants. The present study was aimed to support the hypothesis that an enhanced antioxidant neuroprotection could be achieved by the use of two or more antioxidants opportunely provided to ischemic stroke patients focused against the specific mechanism occurring throughout the pathophysiological process. From this paradigm,using an underexplored therapeutic principle, it could be suggested that antioxidant-based therapy is a novel, promising, safe, available and cost-effective strategy against the deleterious effects of ischemic stroke that needs to be further studied in clinical protocols.

Mechanisms of cisplatin ototoxicity: theoretical review

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Gonçalves ◽  
A F Silveira ◽  
A R Teixeira ◽  
M A Hyppolito
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Malignant Tumours

AbstractIntroduction:Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of malignant tumours, but ototoxicity is a significant side effect.Objectives:To discuss the mechanisms of cisplatin ototoxicity and subsequent cell death, and to present the results of experimental studies.Material and methods:We conducted a systematic search for data published in national and international journals and books, using the Medline, SciELO, Bireme, LILACS and PubMed databases.Results:The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 3 isoform (also termed NOX3) seems to be the main source of reactive oxygen species in the cochlea. These reactive oxygen species react with other molecules and trigger processes such as lipid peroxidation of the plasma membrane and increases in expression of the transient vanilloid receptor potential 1 ion channel.Conclusion:Cisplatin ototoxicity proceeds via the formation of reactive oxygen species in cochlear tissue, with apoptotic cell death as a consequence.

Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen species

2009 ◽  
pp. c3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M. Cochemé ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Fas ligand expression in rat kupffer cells in response to lipopolysaccharide is mediated by reactive oxygen species

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A361-A361
Author(s):  
K UCHIKURA ◽  
T WADA ◽  
Z SUN ◽  
S HOSHINO ◽  
G BULKLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ligand Expression
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