scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Detection of Antibacterial Resistant Escherichia coli in Faecal Samples from Individual Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Turner ◽  
Hannah Schubert ◽  
Emma F Puddy ◽  
Jordan E Sealey ◽  
Virginia C Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

Aims To investigate whether on-farm antibacterial usage (ABU), environmental antibacterial resistant (ABR) Escherichia coli prevalence, and sampling and sample handling methodologies are associated with ABR E. coli positivity in individual faecal samples from dairy heifers. Methods and Results Three hundred and sixty-four heifers from 37 farms were sampled via rectal or faecal pat sampling. Samples were stored at -80 C for variable periods before microbiological analysis. Data analysis was through a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression approach. Individual rectal samples had increased odds of positivity for amoxicillin, cefalexin and tetracycline-resistant E. coli. Sample storage for 6-12 month was associated with decreased odds of finding amoxicillin and tetracycline-resistant E. coli. On-farm ABU had little influence, and environmental ABR E. coli prevalence had no significant influence on on the odds of sample-level positivity for ABR E. coli. Conclusions Sampling methodology and sample handling have a greater association than on-farm factors with the detection of ABR E. coli in individual faecal samples from dairy heifers. Significance and Impact of the Study Sampling and storage methodologies should be considered carefully at the point of designing ABR surveillance studies in livestock and their environments and, where possible, standardised between and within future studies.

One-Step Preparation of Competent E. coli: Transformation and Storage of Bacterial Cells in the Same Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot101212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Green ◽  
Joseph Sambrook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
One Step ◽  
And Storage

This protocol describes a convenient method for the preparation, use, and storage of competent Escherichia coli. The reported transformation efficiency of this method is ∼5 × 107 transformants/µg of plasmid DNA.

Monitoring Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Inoculated and Naturally Colonized Feedlot Cattle and Their Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. STANFORD ◽  
S. J. BACH ◽  
T. H. MARX ◽  
S. JONES ◽  
J. R. HANSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Feed Samples

On-farm methods of monitoring Escherichia coli O157:H7 were assessed in 30 experimentally inoculated steers housed in four pens over a 12-week period and in 202,878 naturally colonized feedlot cattle housed in 1,160 pens on four commercial Alberta feedlots over a 1-year period. In the challenge study, yearling steers were experimentally inoculated with 1010 CFU of a four-strain mixture of nalidixic acid–resistant E. coli O157:H7. After inoculation, shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored weekly by collecting rectal fecal samples (FEC), oral swabs (ORL), pooled fecal pats (PAT), manila ropes (ROP) orally accessed for 4 h, feed samples, water, and water bowl interface. Collection of FEC from all animals per pen provided superior isolation (P < 0.01) of E. coli O157:H7 compared with other methods, although labor and animal restraint requirements for fecal sample collection were high. When one sample was collected per pen of animals, E. coli O157:H7 was more likely to be detected from the ROP than from the FEC, PAT, or ORL (P < 0.001). In the commercial feedlot study, samples were limited to ROP and PAT, and E. coli O157:H7 was isolated in 18.8% of PAT and 6.8% of ROP samples. However, for animals that had been resident in the feedlot pen for at least 1 month, isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from ROP was not different from that from PAT (P = 0.35). Pens of animals on feed for <30 days were six times more likely to shed E. coli O157:H7 than were animals on feed for >30 days. However, change in diet did not affect shedding of the organism (P > 0.23) provided that animals had acclimated to the feedlot for 1 month or longer. Findings from this study indicate the importance of introduction of mitigation strategies early in the feeding period to reduce transference and the degree to which E. coli O157:H7 is shed into the environment.

scholarly journals A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga A. Olowe ◽  
Rita A. Olowe ◽  
Adeolu S. Oluremi ◽  
Olusolabomi J. Adefioye
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources. Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay. Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human) Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and animal sources in Nigeria. This calls for urgent caution in the use of colistin in animal husbandry.

Predicting the Behavior of Escherichia coli Introduced as a Postprocessing Contaminant in Shrikhand, a Traditional Sweetened Lactic Fermented Milk Product

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAGANNATH ◽  
M. N. RAMESH ◽  
M. C. VARADARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Fermented Milk Product

The increasing popularity of traditional milk-based foods has placed emphasis on the need for microbial safety in food-chain establishments, as there are ample possibilities for foodborne pathogens to occur as postprocessing contaminants. The behavioral pattern of an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli D 21 introduced as a postprocessing contaminant in shrikhand, a traditional sweetened lactic fermented milk product, was studied with variables of initial inoculum (4.3, 5.3, and 6.3 log10 CFU/g), storage temperature (4, 10, and 16°C), and storage period (4, 9, and 14 days). During storage of shrikhand prepared individually with Lactobacillus delbruecki ssp. bulgaricus CFR 2028 and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris B-634, there was a steady decrease in the viable count of E. coli that was proportional to the initial inoculum of E. coli introduced into shrikhand. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis, and equations were derived to predict the behavior of E. coli in shrikhand. The predicted values for the probable survival of E. coli showed good agreement with the experimental values with a majority of these predictions being fail-safe. The values of statistical indices showed that the model fits ranged between extremely good and satisfactory. Response surface plots were generated to describe the behavioral pattern of E. coli. The derived models and response surface plots enabled prediction of the survival of E. coli in shrikhand as a function of initial inoculum levels, storage temperatures, and storage periods of shrikhand. These predictions were valid within the limits of the experimental variables used to develop the model.

Escherichia coli O157 in Cull Dairy Cows on Farm and at Slaughter

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
DALE D. HANCOCK ◽  
THOMAS E. BESSER ◽  
DONALD E. HERRIOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
On Farm

Cull dairy cattle both on the farm and at slaughter from herds in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for Escherichia coli O157 by culturing fecal swab samples. A total of 205 cull cows from 19 dairy herds were sampled on the farm of origin; 7 (3.4%) tested positive for E. coli O157. A total of 103 cull cows from 15 dairy herds were sampled at slaughter; 4 (3.9%) were positive for E. coli O157. Eighty-nine cull cows were sampled both at the farm and at slaughter; 2 (2.2%) were positive in both locations, 3 (3.3%) only on the farm, and 2 (2.2%) only at the slaughter plant. Seven (7.9%) of the 89 cull cows tracked from farm to slaughter were positive in at least one location. This suggests a higher prevalence of E. coli O157 in cull dairy cattle than previously has been reported to occur in other ages and classes of cattle.

scholarly journals Transfer of Escherichia Coli to Lemons Slices and Ice during Handling

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Paul Dawson ◽  
Inyee Han ◽  
Ahmet Buyukyavuz ◽  
Wesam Aljeddawi ◽  
Rose Martinez-Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

The objective of this study was to determine the transfer and survival of bacteria during the handling and storage of lemons and transfer of bacteria during handling of ice. Ice and lemon slices are handled and stored in public eating places and used in beverages. During handling and storage the contamination and growth of bacteria may occur leading to the spread of disease. To fulfill the objective, hands were inoculated with Escherichia coli prior to handling of wet and dry whole lemons and in a separate experiment, ice cubes were handled. E. coli transferred to whole lemons or ice after handling were determined. The CFU per lemon and percentage of E. coli transferred were greater for wet lemons -6123 cfu and 4.62% compared to 469 cfu and .2% for dry lemons. The second experiment found from 2 to 67% of the bacteria on hands were transferred to ice by hands and from 30 to 83% of the bacteria on scoops were transferred to ice. In a third experiment, lemons were inoculated with E. coli, then sliced and stored at 4 or 22C and tested at 0, 4 and 24 hr. Lemons stored at room temperature (22°C) had an increase in E. coli population after 24 hour while those stored under refrigeration had a decrease even though bacteria did survive on lemons in either case. 

scholarly journals Sampling considerations for herd-level measurement of faecal Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance in finisher pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. DUNLOP ◽  
S. A. McEWEN ◽  
A. H. MEEK ◽  
R. M. FRIENDSHIP ◽  
W. D. BLACK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter Method ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient means of sampling faeces of finisher pigs for accurate and precise farm-level estimates of antimicrobial resistance among faecal Escherichia coli. Resistance to tetracycline and gentamicin of 8250 isolates of E. coli from 55 finisher pigs on one farm was measured with a hydrophobic grid membrane filter method. The between-pig, within-pen component of variance in resistance was large (97·5%), while between-pen, within-room and between-room components were small (2·5% and 0%, respectively). Using these resistance data, the abilities of two sampling strategies to estimate prevalence were modelled with a Monte Carlo ‘bootstrap’ procedure. Compositing faecal samples from several pigs before testing produced unbiased and precise estimates of prevalence and is simpler technically than individual animal testing.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Environments of Culture-Positive Cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6816-6822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Davis ◽  
Karen A. Cloud-Hansen ◽  
John Carpenter ◽  
Carolyn J. Hovde
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Farm Structures ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease associated with animal exhibits have been reported with increasing frequency. Transmission can occur through contact with contaminated haircoats, bedding, farm structures, or water. We investigated the distribution and survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the immediate environments of individually housed, experimentally inoculated cattle by systematically culturing feed, bedding, water, haircoat, and feed bunk walls for E. coli O157:H7 for 3 months. Cedar chip bedding was the most frequently culture-positive environmental sample tested (27/96 or 28.15%). Among these, 12 (44.0%) of positive bedding samples were collected when the penned animal was fecal culture negative. Survival of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally inoculated cedar chip bedding and in grass hay feed was determined at different temperatures. Survival was longest in feed at room temperature (60 days), but bacterial counts decreased over time. The possibility that urine plays a role in the environmental survival of E. coli O157:H7 was investigated. Cedar chip bedding moistened with sterile water or bovine urine was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. Bedding moistened with urine supported growth of E. coli O157:H7, whereas inoculated bedding moistened with only water yielded decreasing numbers of bacteria over time. The findings that environmental samples were frequently positive for E. coli O157:H7 at times when animals were culture negative and that urine provided a substrate for E. coli O157:H7 growth have implications for understanding the on-farm ecology of this pathogen and for the safety of ruminant animal exhibits, particularly petting zoos and farms where children may enter animal pens.

Microbiological analysis of milk unfermented kefir produced with milk contaminated by Escherichia coli

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Danúbia R Caetano ◽  
Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Kefir Grains ◽  
Lactic Bacteria

<p><em>The fermented milk by kefir grains is a probiotic dairy product that provides to the consumer several health benefits, and can also be consumed by lactose intolerant people. These grains contain in their microbiota acid-lactic bacteria able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This research aimed to evaluate the </em>Escherichia coli<em> inhibition by the kefir fermentation, contaminated during its manufacturing. Thus, were used the standard strain ATCC 11229 </em>E. coli<em>, inoculated in the milk for the kefir production. After the fermentation, the sample were diluted in peptone water and plated in Petrifilm, followed by incubation at 36 &deg;C for 24 hours. In all repetitions, were observed at the end that the kefir fermentation did not inhibit the multiplication of the contaminant bacteria. The results reinforce the importance of the use of milk with quality, and to follow the hygiene proceedings in both utensils and manipulators, during the kefir production.</em></p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i1.158</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals First isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from faecal and milk specimens from Anatolian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalus) in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Seker ◽  
H. Yardimci
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples

Three hundred rectal faecal samples and 213 raw milk samples obtained from the tanks and containers were examined using standard cultural methods. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 11 (3.7 %) of 300 faecal samples and 3 (1.4 %) of 213 raw milk samples. It was determined that 8 (73 %) of E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from faecal samples originated from water buffaloes younger than 2 years of age and 3 (27 %) from 2-year-old and older water buffaloes. This is the 1st isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from faecal and milk samples of water buffaloes in Turkey.

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