scholarly journals Durability of anti-Spike antibodies in the infant after maternal COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shook ◽  
Caroline G. Atyeo ◽  
Lael M. Yonker ◽  
Alessio Fasano ◽  
Kathryn J. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Detectable Antibody ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
In Pregnancy

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy generates functional anti-Spike IgG antibodies that are known to cross the placenta. However, the durability of vaccine-induced maternal anti-S IgG in infant circulation, and how it compares to durability of antibody from maternal natural infection, is unknown. We quantified anti-S IgG in 92 2-month and 6-month-old infants whose mothers were vaccinated in pregnancy, and in 12 6-month-old infants after maternal natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. In the vaccinated group, 94% (58/62) of infants had detectable anti-S IgG at 2 months, and 60% (18/30) had detectable antibody at 6 months. In contrast, 8% (1/12) of infants born to women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy had detectable anti-S IgG at the 6-month timepoint. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher maternal and cord titers at delivery and significantly greater antibody persistence in infants at 6 months, compared to natural infection.

scholarly journals Endogenously Produced SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibodies May Have a Limited Impact on Clearing Nasal Shedding of Virus during Primary Infection in Humans

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Shuyi Yang ◽  
Keith R. Jerome ◽  
Alexander L. Greninger ◽  
Joshua T. Schiffer ◽  
Ashish Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

While SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies have been developed for therapeutic purposes, the specific viral triggers that drive the generation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM antibodies remain only partially characterized. Moreover, it is unknown whether endogenously derived antibodies drive viral clearance that might result in mitigation of clinical severity during natural infection. We developed a series of non-linear mathematical models to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 viral and antibody kinetics are coupled or governed by separate processes. Patients with severe disease had a higher production rate of IgG but not IgM antibodies. Maximal levels of both isotypes were governed by their production rate rather than different saturation levels between people. Our results suggest that an exponential surge in IgG levels occurs approximately 5–10 days after symptom onset with no requirement for continual antigenic stimulation. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies appear to have limited to no effect on viral dynamics but may enhance viral clearance late during primary infection resulting from the binding effect of antibody to virus, rather than neutralization. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies may play only a limited role in clearing infection from the nasal passages despite providing long-term immunity against infection following vaccination or prior infection.

scholarly journals Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients One Year Post Symptom Onset

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiandan Xiang ◽  
Boyun Liang ◽  
Yaohui Fang ◽  
Sihong Lu ◽  
Sumeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
One Year ◽  
Kinetics Of

Major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity briefly after the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, knowledge concerning long-term kinetics of antibody responses in convalescent patients is limited. During a one-year period post symptom onset, we longitudinally collected 162 samples from 76 patients and quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid (N) protein or the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S). After one year, approximately 90% of recovered patients still had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies recognizing N and RBD-S. Intriguingly, neutralizing activity was only detectable in ~43% of patients. When neutralization tests against the E484K-mutated variant of concern (VOC) B.1.351 (initially identified in South Africa) were performed among patients who neutralize the original virus, the capacity to neutralize was even further diminished to 22.6% of donors. Despite declining N- and S-specific IgG titers, a considerable fraction of recovered patients had detectable neutralizing activity one year after infection. However, neutralizing capacities, in particular against an E484K-mutated VOC were only detectable in a minority of patients one year after symptomatic COVID-19. Our findings shed light on the kinetics of long-term immune responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and argue for vaccinations of individuals who experienced a natural infection to protect against emerging VOC.

scholarly journals The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Irina Anatolyevna Andrievskaya ◽  
Irina Valentinovna Zhukovets ◽  
Inna Victorovna Dovzhikova ◽  
Nataliya Alexandrovna Ishutina ◽  
Ksenia Konstantinovna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Hsv 1

The goal of this research was to evaluate seropositivity to HSV-1 among pregnant women and its effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of newborns. Methods: The serological status, socio-demographic characteristics, parity of pregnancy and childbirth and condition of newborns in women seronegative and seropositive to HSV-1 with recurrent infection and its latent course during pregnancy were analyzed. Newborns from these mothers made up the corresponding groups. Results: Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with threatened miscarriage, anemia in pregnancy and chronic placental insufficiency. High titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with late miscarriages and premature births, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, labor anomalies, early neonatal complications (cerebral ischemia, respiratory distress syndrome) and localized skin rashes. Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the third trimester of pregnancy are associated with premature birth, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, endometritis, complications of the early neonatal period and localized skin rashes. Conclusions: Our research showed that low or high titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1, determined by the timing of recurrence of infection during pregnancy, are associated with a high incidence of somatic pathology and complications in pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Long-Term Course of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Outpatients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schiffner ◽  
Insa Backhaus ◽  
Jens Rimmele ◽  
Sören Schulz ◽  
Till Möhlenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Antibody Levels

Characterization of the naturally acquired B and T cell immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for the development of public health and vaccination strategies to manage the burden of COVID-19 disease. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analysis in COVID-19 recovered patients at various time points over a 10-month period in order to investigate how circulating antibody levels and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release by peripheral blood cells change over time following natural infection. From March 2020 till January 2021, we enrolled 412 adults mostly with mild or moderate disease course. At each study visit, subjects donated peripheral blood for testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and IFN-γ release after SARS-CoV-2 S-protein stimulation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were positive in 316 of 412 (76.7%) and borderline in 31 of 412 (7.5%) patients. Our confirmation assay for the presence of neutralizing antibodies was positive in 215 of 412 (52.2%) and borderline in 88 of 412 (21.4%) patients. Likewise, in 274 of 412 (66.5%) positive IFN-γ release and IgG antibodies were detected. With respect to time after infection, both IgG antibody levels and IFN-γ concentrations decreased by about half within 300 days. Statistically, production of IgG and IFN-γ were closely associated, but on an individual basis, we observed patients with high-antibody titres but low IFN-γ levels and vice versa. Our data suggest that immunological reaction is acquired in most individuals after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in the majority of patients for at least 10 months after infection after a mild or moderate disease course. Since, so far, no robust marker for protection against COVID-19 exists, we recommend utilizing both, IgG and IFN-γ release for an individual assessment of the immunity status.

scholarly journals Survival of vaccine-induced human milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA immunoglobulins across simulated human infant gastrointestinal digestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrtani Pieri ◽  
Vicky Nicolaidou ◽  
Irene Paphiti ◽  
Spyros Pipis ◽  
Kyriacos Felekkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Four vaccines have been approved to date by the European Medicines Agency for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, with all four being targeted to adults over 18 years of age. One way to protect the younger population such as infants or younger children until pediatric vaccines are licensed is through passive immunity via breastfeeding. Recent evidence points to the fact that human milk contains immunoglobulins (Ig) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, both after natural infection or vaccination, but it is not known whether these antibodies can resist enzymatic degradation during digestion in the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract or indeed protect the consumers. Here, we describe our preliminary experiments where we validated commercially available ELISA kits to detect IgA and IgG antibodies in human milk from two lactating mothers vaccinated with either the Pfizer/BioNTech or the Astra Zeneca vaccine, and the effect of a static in vitro digestion protocol on the IgA and IgG concentrations. Our data, even preliminary, provide an indication that the IgA antibodies produced after vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine resist the gastric phase but are degraded during the intestinal phase of infant digestion, whereas the IgGs are more prone to degradation in both phases of digestion. We are in the process of recruiting more individuals to further evaluate the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin profile of breastmilk, and the extent to which these antibodies can resist digestion in the infant GI tract.

scholarly journals Analysis of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients with the Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Melgoza-González ◽  
Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo ◽  
Monica Resendiz ◽  
Verónica Mata-Haro ◽  
Sofía Hernández-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Currently, this virus has spread around the world, and new variants have emerged. This new pandemic virus provoked the rapid development of diagnostic tools, therapies and vaccines to control this new disease called COVID-19. Antibody detection by ELISA has been broadly used to recognize the number of persons infected with this virus or to evaluate the response of vaccinated individuals. As the pandemic spread, new questions arose, such as the prevalence of antibodies after natural infection and the response induced by the different vaccines. In Mexico, as in other countries, mRNA and viral-vectored vaccines have been widely used among the population. In this work, we developed an indirect ELISA test to evaluate S1 antibodies in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. By using this test, we showed that IgG antibodies against the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were detected up to 42 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, in contrast to IgA and IgM, which decreased 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The evaluation of the antibody response in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines showed no differences two weeks after vaccination. However, after completing the two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech and the one dose of CanSinoBio, a significantly higher response of IgG antibodies was observed in persons vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech than in those vaccinated with CanSinoBio. In conclusion, these results confirm that after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, it is possible to detect antibodies for up to ten months. Additionally, our results showed that one dose of the CanSinoBio vaccine induces a lower response of IgG antibodies than that induced by the complete scheme of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

scholarly journals Long-term Antibody Persistence After Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Vaccination in Dongtai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Kmush ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Shoujie Huang ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Injectable Contraceptive ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is of global significance. HEV is a common cause of acute hepatitis in China. One of the major unanswered questions about HEV is the persistence of antibodies after infection and vaccination. Methods We examined antibody persistence 6.5 years after HEV exposures through natural infection and vaccination. Ninety-seven vaccine recipients and 70 individuals asymptomatically infected with HEV enrolled in the phase III HEV239 vaccine trial in Dongtai, China, were revisited. Results Antibody loss was 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–30.5%), with a nonsignificantly higher percentage of loss among those naturally infected (30.0%; 95% CI, 19.6%–42.1%) than those vaccinated (18.6%; 95% CI, 11.4%–27.7%; P = .085). Age and gender were not associated with antibody persistence. Only 2 people (1.2%) self-reported medically diagnosed jaundice or hepatitis-like illness in the last 10 years, both of whom had persistent antibodies. Contact with a jaundice patient and injectable contraceptive use were marginally associated with loss of detectable anti-HEV antibodies (P = .047 and .082, respectively), whereas transfusion was marginally associated with antibody persistence (P = .075). Conclusions Antibody loss was more common among those naturally infected compared with those vaccinated. However, none of the characteristics examined were strongly associated with antibody loss, suggesting that factors not yet identified may play a more important role in antibody loss. Long-term postvaccination antibody persistence is currently unknown and will be an important consideration in the development of policies for the use of the highly efficacious HEV vaccine. ClinicalTrials.gov registration.  NCT01014845.

Persistence of Antibody After Administration of Monovalent and Combined Live Attenuated Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccines

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Robert E. Weibel ◽  
Eugene B. Buynak ◽  
Arlene A. McLean ◽  
Maurice R. Hilleman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Mumps Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Substantial Decline

Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were retained in comparable levels eight years after vaccination with Enders' original Edmonston and more attenuated Moraten (Attenuvax) and Schwarz line measles vaccines. Neutralizing antibody persisted without substantial decline in titer for at least 9.5 years after administration of Jeryl Lynn mumps virus vaccine (Mumpsvax). Antibodies were retained without important decline in children and adults for at least 7.5 and 7 years, respectively, after administration of HPV-77 duck-modified rubella vaccine (Meruvax). The patterns of antibody persistence 7.5 years after administration of combined measles-mumps-rubella (M-M-R) and mumps-rubella (Biavax) vaccines, 6 years after administration of measles-rubella vaccine (M-R-VAX), and 4 years after administration of measles-mumps vaccine (M-M-VAX) were the same as for the monovalent vaccines, indicating no alteration in the retention of immunity. Subclinical reinfection evidenced by increase in homologous antibody titer was observed to follow vaccination the same as occurs after natural infection.

scholarly journals Antibody persistence in mothers one year after pneumococcal immunization in pregnancy

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 5063-5066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker ◽  
Mark C. Steinhoff ◽  
Saad B. Omer ◽  
Eliza Roy ◽  
Shams E. Arifeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
One Year ◽  
In Pregnancy
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