scholarly journals Reduced Odds of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection after Vaccination among New York City Adults, June–August 2021

Author(s):  
Alison Levin-Rector ◽  
Lauren Firestein ◽  
Emily McGibbon ◽  
Jessica Sell ◽  
Sungwoo Lim ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundBelief in immunity from prior infection and concern that vaccines might not protect against new variants are contributors to vaccine hesitancy. We assessed effectiveness of full and partial COVID-19 vaccination against reinfection when Delta was the predominant variant in New York City.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study in which case-patients with reinfection during June 15– August 31, 2021 and control subjects with no reinfection were matched (1:3) on age, sex, timing of initial positive test in 2020, and neighborhood poverty level. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate matched odds ratios (mOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOf 349,598 adult residents who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020, did not test positive again >90 days after initial positive test through June 15, 2021, and did not die before June 15, 2021, 1,067 were reinfected during June 15–August 31, 2021. Of 1,048 with complete matching criteria data, 499 (47.6%) were known to be symptomatic for COVID-19-like-illness, and 75 (7.2%) were hospitalized. Unvaccinated individuals, compared with fully vaccinated individuals, had elevated odds of reinfection (mOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.90, 2.61), of symptomatic reinfection (mOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.72, 2.74), and of reinfection with hospitalization (mOR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.43, 4.69). Partially versus fully vaccinated individuals had 1.58 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.06) times the odds of reinfection. All three vaccines authorized or approved for use in the U.S. were similarly effective.ConclusionAmong adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination reduced odds of reinfections when the Delta variant predominated.

Author(s):  
Demetra Tsapepas ◽  
S Ali Husain ◽  
Kristen L King ◽  
Yvonne Burgos ◽  
David J Cohen ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but limited vaccine access and vaccine hesitancy can complicate efforts for expanded vaccination. We report patient perspectives and outcomes from a vaccine outreach initiative for a vulnerable population of transplant recipients living in New York City. Methods This was a retrospective review of qualitative perspectives from a COVID-19 vaccine outreach initiative. In the outreach effort, kidney and pancreas transplant recipients under care at the transplant center at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital were initially contacted electronically with educational material about vaccination followed by telephone outreach to eligible unvaccinated patients. Calls were used to schedule vaccine appointments for patients who agreed, answer questions, and assess attitudes and concerns for patients not yet ready to be vaccinated, with conversational themes recorded. Results Of the 1,078 patients living in the 5 New York City boroughs who had not reported receiving COVID-19 vaccination, 320 eligible patients were contacted by telephone. Of these, 210 patients were scheduled for vaccination at our vaccine site (including 13 who agreed to vaccination after initially declining), while 110 patients were either not ready or not interested in being vaccinated. The total number of patients willing to be vaccinated was 554 when also including those already vaccinated. Unwillingness to be vaccinated was associated with younger age (median age of 47 vs 60 years, P < 0.001), Black race (P = 0.004), and residence in Bronx or Brooklyn counties (P = 0.018) or a zip code with a medium level of poverty (P = 0.044). The most common issues raised by patients who were ambivalent or not interested in vaccination were regarding unknown safety of the vaccines in general, a belief that there was a lack of data about the vaccines in transplant recipients, and a lack of trust in the scientific process underlying vaccine development, with 34% of the patients contacted expressing vaccine hesitancy overall. Conclusion Our qualitative summary identifies determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a diverse transplant patient population, supporting the need for transplant centers to implement tailored interventions to increase vaccine acceptance in this vulnerable population.


Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. e63-e63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Thorpe ◽  
M. Berger ◽  
E. N. Waddell ◽  
U. Uphadyay

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-667
Author(s):  
Christina N. Wysota ◽  
Scott E. Sherman ◽  
Elizabeth Vargas ◽  
Erin S. Rogers

Purpose: To identify rates and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among low-income smokers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline survey data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 403) testing a smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers. Setting: Two safety-net hospitals in New York City. Sample: Current smokers with annual household income <200% of the federal poverty level. Measures: Food insecurity was measured using the United States Department of Agriculture 6-item food security module. Participant sociodemographics were assessed by self-reported survey responses. Analysis: We used frequencies to calculate the proportion of smokers experiencing food insecurity and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with being food insecure. Results: Fifty-eight percent of participants were food insecure, with 29% reporting very high food insecurity. Compared to married participants, separated, widowed, or divorced participants were more likely to be food insecure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-4.33), as were never married participants (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.54-5.14). Conclusions: Health promotion approaches that target multiple health risks (eg, smoking and food access) may be needed for low-income populations. Interventions which seek to alleviate food insecurity may benefit from targeting socially isolated smokers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. S12
Author(s):  
C. Guzman ◽  
T. Firew ◽  
A. Wagh ◽  
B. Stefan ◽  
A. Ruscica ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bounds

The COVID-19 pandemic’s brutal impact on New York City has laid bare the social inequalities and injustices of living in a global capital. To better understand urban prepping as a process for helping communities to plan and respond to disaster, this analysis draws on Faulkner, Brown, and Quinn’s (2018) framework of five capacities for community resilience: place attachment; leadership; knowledge and learning; community networks; and community cohesion and efficacy. Given the New York City’s Prepper’s Network mission to acquire preparedness skills, knowledge and learning were core principals of the group it was found that community cohesion was reinforced throughout preparedness training as group members learned to develop their individual skills and to rely on one another. This research also points to the need to develop disaster management approaches that can expand the traditional “command and control” models while making space for local knowledge and resources only works to increase community resilience.


Author(s):  
Sarah Aita

The purpose of this project is to explore whether there is a correlation pattern between the number of banks and banking status, as well as to find the driving factors behind the banking status of New York City residents. The analysis concluded that there is a weak correlation between the availability of banks in a neighborhood and the ratio of unbanked households. The increase in the ratio of unbanked households is mainly related to two socio-economic features: poverty level and unemployment.


Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Karen Lee

New York City has been a global leader in healthy urban design and in improving the built environment—the human-made environment consisting of our neighborhoods, streets, buildings, and their amenities—to assist in the prevention and control of the current epidemics of noncommunicable disease and their risk factors. This chapter shows how, through the translation of research-based health evidence into the development and implementation of user-friendly resources with and for non–health professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and renovation of the built environment, such as the Active Design Guidelines and its supplements, NYC pioneered formal efforts toward systematic evidence-based environmental design that can decrease physical inactivity and sedentariness, key risk factors for mortality and morbidity around the world today, while addressing other key public health issues like safety and equity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Gu ◽  
David E. Lucero ◽  
Chaorui C. Huang ◽  
Demetre Daskalakis ◽  
Jay K. Varma ◽  
...  

Objectives: Death certificate data indicate that the age-adjusted death rate for pneumonia and influenza is higher in New York City than in the United States. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths are attributed to pneumonia rather than influenza. Because most pneumonia deaths occur in hospitals, we analyzed hospital discharge data to provide insight into the burden of pneumonia in New York City. Methods: We analyzed data for New York City residents discharged from New York State hospitals with a principal diagnosis of pneumonia, or a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis, during 2001-2014. We calculated mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined data on pneumonia-associated hospitalizations by sociodemographic characteristics and colisted conditions. Results: During 2001-2014, a total of 495 225 patients residing in New York City were hospitalized for pneumonia, corresponding to a mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate of 433.8 per 100 000 population (95% CI, 429.3-438.3). The proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations with in-hospital death was 12.0%. The mean annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate per 100 000 population increased as area-based poverty level increased, whereas the percentage of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations with in-hospital deaths decreased with increasing area-based poverty level. The proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations that colisted an immunocompromising condition increased from 18.7% in 2001 to 33.1% in 2014. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and immune status appear to play a role in the epidemiology of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in New York City. Further study of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in at-risk populations may lead to targeted interventions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Claudia Michelle Gabai ◽  
Miranda S Moore ◽  
Katherine Penrose ◽  
Sarah Braunstein ◽  
Angelica Bocour ◽  
...  

ObjectivesTo calculate the rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with no reported history of injection drug use (IDU), and to assess whether disparities exist in HIV/HCV coinfection by race/ethnicity and neighbourhood poverty level within this population in New York City.MethodsHIV-positive men who reported sex with men and did not report IDU at the time of HIV diagnosis, diagnosed through 2015 and alive as of 2000, were matched to people with HCV first reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene between 2000 and 2015. Those with HCV reported before or within 90 days of HIV infection were excluded. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fit to compare the association between HCV diagnosis, race/ethnicity and neighbourhood poverty level.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2015, 54 488 non-IDU MSM were diagnosed with HIV, of whom 2762 (5.1%) were diagnosed with HCV after HIV diagnosis, yielding an overall age-adjusted HCV diagnosis rate of 512 per 100 000 person-years. HIV/HCV coinfection was significantly higher among non-Latino blacks (adjusted HR (aHR)=1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.40) compared with non-Latino whites and among persons living in high-poverty neighbourhoods compared with those in low-poverty neighbourhoods (aHR=1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35) after stratification by year of HIV diagnosis.ConclusionDisparities in HIV/HCV coinfection among HIV-positive MSM were observed by race/ethnicity and neighbourhood poverty level. Routine HCV screening is recommended for people infected with HIV. People coinfected with HIV and HCV should be linked to HCV care, treated and cured to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to avoid ongoing HCV transmission.


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