scholarly journals Arousal elevation drives the development of oscillatory vocal output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisi S Zhang ◽  
John L Alvarez ◽  
Asif A Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Temporal Regularity ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

Adult behaviors, such as vocal production, often exhibit temporal regularity. In contrast, their immature forms are more irregular. We ask whether the coupling of motor behaviors with arousal changes give rise to temporal regularity and drive the transition from variable to regular motor output over the course of development. We used marmoset monkey vocal production to explore this putative influence of arousal on the nonlinear changes in their developing vocal output patterns. Based on a detailed analysis of vocal and arousal dynamics in marmosets, we put forth a general model incorporating arousal and auditory-feedback loops for spontaneous vocal production. Using this model, we show that a stable oscillation can emerge as the baseline arousal increases, predicting the transition from stochastic to periodic oscillations occurring in marmoset vocal development. We further provide a solution for how this model can explain vocal development as the joint consequence of energetic growth and social feedback. Together, our model offers a plausible mechanism for the development of arousal-mediated adaptive behavior.

From ‘ah’ to ‘bah’: social feedback loops for speech sounds at key points of developmental transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie GROS-LOUIS ◽  
Jennifer L. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Developmental Transition ◽  
Key Points ◽  
First Words

AbstractSocial feedback is a driving force for speech development. A recent study provided a key finding to explain how contingent responses influence developmental change: infant speech-related vocalizations are contingent on responses to prior speech-related vocalizations (Warlaumont et al., 2014). However, the study did not distinguish between different speech-related vocalizations, vowel-like (V) and consonant–vowel (CV) vocalizations, which is important because CV vocalizations are a precursor to words. The present study explored parents’ responses to infants’ vocalizations and infants’ subsequent vocal production at a point when vocalizations become more like adult speech. The relative proportion of CVs following contingent responses to CV did not differ between 10- and 12-months-olds; however, there was only a significant contingent relationship between responses to CV and subsequent CV production in 12-month-olds. Results suggest a developmental transition and a social feedback loop for the production of more developmentally advanced sounds when infants are learning their first words.

The Effect of Learning Modality and Auditory Feedback on Word Memory: Cochlear-Implanted versus Normal-Hearing Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Michal Icht ◽  
Yaniv Mama
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Open Set

AbstractIn recent years, the effect of cognitive abilities on the achievements of cochlear implant (CI) users has been evaluated. Some studies have suggested that gaps between CI users and normal-hearing (NH) peers in cognitive tasks are modality specific, and occur only in auditory tasks.The present study focused on the effect of learning modality (auditory, visual) and auditory feedback on word memory in young adults who were prelingually deafened and received CIs before the age of 5 yr, and their NH peers.A production effect (PE) paradigm was used, in which participants learned familiar study words by vocal production (saying aloud) or by no-production (silent reading or listening). Words were presented (1) in the visual modality (written) and (2) in the auditory modality (heard). CI users performed the visual condition twice—once with the implant ON and once with it OFF. All conditions were followed by free recall tests.Twelve young adults, long-term CI users, implanted between ages 1.7 and 4.5 yr, and who showed ≥50% in monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant open-set test with their implants were enrolled. A group of 14 age-matched NH young adults served as the comparison group.For each condition, we calculated the proportion of study words recalled. Mixed-measures analysis of variances were carried out with group (NH, CI) as a between-subjects variable, and learning condition (aloud or silent reading) as a within-subject variable. Following this, paired sample t tests were used to evaluate the PE size (differences between aloud and silent words) and overall recall ratios (aloud and silent words combined) in each of the learning conditions.With visual word presentation, young adults with CIs (regardless of implant status CI-ON or CI-OFF), showed comparable memory performance (and a similar PE) to NH peers. However, with auditory presentation, young adults with CIs showed poorer memory for nonproduced words (hence a larger PE) relative to their NH peers.The results support the construct that young adults with CIs will benefit more from learning via the visual modality (reading), rather than the auditory modality (listening). Importantly, vocal production can largely improve auditory word memory, especially for the CI group.

Event-related potential correlates of auditory feedback control of vocal production in experienced singers

Neuroreport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Wu ◽  
Baofeng Zhang ◽  
Lirao Wei ◽  
Hanjun Liu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

scholarly journals Top–Down Inhibitory Mechanisms Underlying Auditory–Motor Integration for Voice Control: Evidence by TMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 4515-4527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Liu ◽  
Guangyan Dai ◽  
Churong Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Guo ◽  
Zhiqin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Pitch Regulation ◽  
Condition C

Abstract The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in auditory–motor integration for accurate control of vocal production, but its precise role in this feedback-based process remains largely unknown. To this end, the present event-related potential study applied a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, continuous theta-burst stimulation (c-TBS), to disrupt cortical activity in the left DLPFC as young adults vocalized vowel sounds while hearing their voice unexpectedly shifted upwards in pitch. The results showed that, as compared to the sham condition, c-TBS over left DLPFC led to significantly larger vocal compensations for pitch perturbations that were accompanied by significantly smaller cortical P2 responses. Source localization analyses revealed that this brain activity pattern was the result of reduced activation in the left superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus). These findings demonstrate c-TBS-induced modulatory effects of DLPFC on the neurobehavioral processing of vocal pitch regulation, suggesting that disrupting prefrontal function may impair top–down inhibitory control mechanisms that prevent speech production from being excessively influenced by auditory feedback, resulting in enhanced vocal compensations for feedback perturbations. This is the first study that provides direct evidence for a causal role of the left DLPFC in auditory feedback control of vocal production.

On Social Feedback Loops and Cascading Effects in Autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nameera Akhtar ◽  
Vikram K. Jaswal ◽  
Janette Dinishak ◽  
Christine Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Cascading Effects

scholarly journals Speaking with an alien voice: Flexible sense of agency during vocal production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Comparison Process ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Comparator Model ◽  
Joint Contribution

Speakers monitor auditory feedback during speech production in order to correct for speech errors. The comparator model proposes that this process is supported by comparing sensory feedback to internal predictions of the sensory consequences of articulation. Additionally, this comparison process is proposed to support the sense of agency over vocal output. The current study tests this hypothesis by asking whether mismatching auditory feedback leads to a decrease in the sense of agency as measured by speakers’ responses to pitch-shifted feedback. Participants vocalized while auditory feedback was unexpectedly and briefly pitch-shifted. In addition, in one block, the entire vocalization’s pitch was baseline-shifted (‘alien voice’), while it was not in the other block (‘normal voice’). Participants compensated for the pitch shifts even in the alien voice condition, suggesting that agency was flexible. This is problematic for the classic comparator model, where a mismatching feedback would lead to a loss of agency. Alternative models are discussed in light of these findings, including an adapted comparator model and the inferential account, which suggests that agency is inferred from the joint contribution of several multisensory sources of evidence. Together, these findings suggest that internal representations of one’s own voice are more flexible than often assumed.

Vocalisations and the Dynamics of Interpersonal Arousal Coupling in Caregiver-Infant dyads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Wass ◽  
Emily Phillips ◽  
Celia Smith ◽  
Louise Goupil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Child Caregiver

We currently understand little about how autonomic arousal influences early vocal development. To examine this, we used wearable microphones and autonomic sensors to collect multimodal naturalistic datasets from 12-month-olds and their caregivers. We observed that clusters of vocalisations occurred during elevated infant and caregiver arousal, but the relationship is stronger in infants than caregivers. Caregivers show greater functional flexibility, and their vocal production is more influenced by the infant’s arousal than their own. Negative affect vocalisations occur following reduced arousal stability and lead to increased child-caregiver arousal coupling, and decreased infant arousal. Positive vocalisations also occur at elevated arousal, but lead to increases in arousal, and elicit more parental speech. Our results point to important bi-directional associations between vocalisations and arousal regulation across caregiver-infant dyads.

scholarly journals The vocal development of the pale spear-nosed bat is dependent on auditory feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1836) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Z. Lattenkamp ◽  
Meike Linnenschmidt ◽  
Eva Mardus ◽  
Sonja C. Vernes ◽  
Lutz Wiegrebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Acoustic Feedback ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Speech Learning

Human vocal development and speech learning require acoustic feedback, and humans who are born deaf do not acquire a normal adult speech capacity. Most other mammals display a largely innate vocal repertoire. Like humans, bats are thought to be one of the few taxa capable of vocal learning as they can acquire new vocalizations by modifying vocalizations according to auditory experiences. We investigated the effect of acoustic deafening on the vocal development of the pale spear-nosed bat. Three juvenile pale spear-nosed bats were deafened, and their vocal development was studied in comparison with an age-matched, hearing control group. The results show that during development the deafened bats increased their vocal activity, and their vocalizations were substantially altered, being much shorter, higher in pitch, and more aperiodic than the vocalizations of the control animals. The pale spear-nosed bat relies on auditory feedback for vocal development and, in the absence of auditory input, species-atypical vocalizations are acquired. This work serves as a basis for further research using the pale spear-nosed bat as a mammalian model for vocal learning, and contributes to comparative studies on hearing impairment across species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.

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