scholarly journals Use of Baricitinib in Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananyan Sampath ◽  
Aditya Banerjee ◽  
Shubham Atal ◽  
Ratinder Jhaj
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Outcome Mortality

Objectives To assess the role of baricitinib alone or in combination with other therapies as a treatment for patients with COVID-19. Methods Systematic literature search was conducted in the WHO COVID-19 Coronavirus disease database to find clinical studies on use of baricitinib for treatment of COVID-19 between December 1st 2019 and September 30th 2021. Two independent set of reviewers identified the eligible studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and relevant data was extracted and a qualitative synthesis of evidence performed. The risk of bias was evaluated with validated tools. Results A total of 267 articles were found to be eligible after primary screening of title and abstracts. Following assessment of full texts, 19 studies were finally included for this systematic review, out of which 16 are observational, and 3 are interventional studies. Collating the results from these observational and interventional studies, baricitinib used as add on to standard therapy, either alone or in combination with other drugs, was found to have favourable outcomes in moderate to severe hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, ongoing trials indicate that drug is being extensively studied across the world for its safety and efficacy in COVID-19. Conclusion Baricitinib significantly improves clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and further evidence may establish the drug as a standard treatment among such patients. Keywords: Baricitinib, JAK kinase inhibitor, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Clinical outcome, Mortality

scholarly journals Reasons why people do not attend NHS Health Checks: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (666) ◽  
pp. e28-e35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Harte ◽  
Calum MacLure ◽  
Adam Martin ◽  
Catherine L Saunders ◽  
Catherine Meads ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nhs Health Checks ◽  
Nhs Health Check

BackgroundThe NHS Health Check programme is a prevention initiative offering cardiovascular risk assessment and management advice to adults aged 40–74 years across England. Its effectiveness depends on uptake. When it was introduced in 2009, it was anticipated that all those eligible would be invited over a 5-year cycle and 75% of those invited would attend. So far in the current cycle from 2013 to 2018, 33.8% of those eligible have attended, which is equal to 48.5% of those invited to attend. Understanding the reasons why some people do not attend is important to maximise the impact of the programmes.AimTo review why people do not attend NHS Health Checks.Design and settingA systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.MethodAn electronic literature search was carried out of MEDLINE, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OpenGrey, the Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, Google Scholar, Google, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the ISRCTN registry from 1 January 1996 to 9 November 2016, and the reference lists of all included papers were also screened manually. Inclusion criteria were primary research studies that reported the views of people who were eligible for but had not attended an NHS Health Check.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria. Reasons for not attending included lack of awareness or knowledge, misunderstanding the purpose of the NHS Health Check, aversion to preventive medicine, time constraints, difficulties with access to general practices, and doubts regarding pharmacies as appropriate settings.ConclusionThe findings particularly highlight the need for improved communication and publicity around the purpose of the NHS Health Check programme and the personal health benefits of risk factor detection.

Use of Augmented Reality in Reconstructive Microsurgery: A Systematic Review and Development of the Augmented Reality Microsurgery Score

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Yasser Al Omran ◽  
Ali Abdall-Razak ◽  
Catrin Sohrabi ◽  
Tiffanie-Marie Borg ◽  
Hayat Nadama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Real World ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
User Access ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Augmented reality (AR) uses a set of technologies that overlays digital information into the real world, giving the user access to both digital and real-world environments in congruity. AR may be specifically fruitful in reconstructive microsurgery due to the dynamic nature of surgeries performed and the small structures encountered in these operations. The aim of this study was to conduct a high-quality preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) compliant systematic review evaluating the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery. Methods A systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed using appropriate search terms to identify all applications of AR in reconstructive microsurgery from inception to December 2018. Articles that did not meet the objectives of the study were excluded. A qualitative synthesis was performed of those articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 686 articles were identified from title and abstract review. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies used head-mounted displays, one study used a display monitor, and one study demonstrated AR using spatial navigation technology. The augmented reality microsurgery score was developed and applied to each of the AR technologies and scores ranged from 8 to 12. Conclusion Although higher quality studies reviewing the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery is needed, the feasibility of AR in reconstructive microsurgery has been demonstrated across different subspecialties of plastic surgery. AR applications, that are reproducible, user-friendly, and have clear benefit to the surgeon and patient, have the greatest potential utility. Further research is required to validate its use and overcome the barriers to its implementation.

scholarly journals Alternative Applications of Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery (TORS): A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cammaroto ◽  
Luigi Marco Stringa ◽  
Henry Zhang ◽  
Pasquale Capaccio ◽  
Francesco Galletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Benign Pathology ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background: The role of robotic surgery in the field of oncology has been widely described, in particular for the tumours of the oropharynx and larynx, but its efficacy for benign pathology is inconsistent. Methods: An exhaustive review of the English literature on trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) for benign conditions was performed using PubMed electronic database. Results: The research was performed in March 2019 and yielded more than eight hundred articles, with 103 meeting the inclusion criteria and considered in the present study. Conclusions: The application of TORS for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome seems to be particularly well documented. Additionally, there exists a special interest in its use where high precision in limited anatomic space is required. There are still different structural and economic limitations for the application of TORS, however, the progressive technologic innovations and the increasing adoption of robotic surgery seem to encourage the uptake of this technique.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology, Immunopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pleural TB in HIV- Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aljohaney ◽  
K. Amjadi ◽  
G. G. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Burden

Background. High HIV burden countries have experienced a high burden of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Objective. To review the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Methods. A literature search from 1950 to June 2011 in MEDLINE was conducted.Results. Two-hundred and ninety-nine studies were identified, of which 30 met the inclusion criteria. The immunopathogenesis as denoted by cells and cytokine profiles is distinctly different between HIV and HIV-uninfected pleural TB disease. Adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma are good markers of pleural TB disease even in HIV-infected patients. HIV-uninfected TB suspects with pleural effusions commonly have a low yield of TB organisms however the evidence suggests that in dually infected patients smear and cultures have a higher yield. The Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay has significant potential to improve the diagnosis of pleural TB in HIV-positive patients.Conclusions. Pleural TB in HIV-infected patients has a different immunopathogenesis than HIV-uninfected pleural TB and these findings in part support the differences noted in this systematic review. Research should focus on developing an interferon gamma-based point of care diagnostic test and expansion of the role of Gene Xpert in the diagnosis of pleural TB.

scholarly journals Dental Findings in Kabuki Syndrome: A Systematic Review for Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barbosa-Lima ◽  
Amanda Lopes ◽  
Juliely N. F. De Moura ◽  
Sabrina N. Ribeiro ◽  
Matheus S. N. T. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Kabuki Syndrome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Eleven Case

Kabuki syndrome consists in a series of congenital anomalies involving intellectual disability, hypotonia, and facial and body dysmorphism. In addition to these cardinal signs, craniofacial and dental changes are frequently observed, although they are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this article is to present the dental findings in patients with Kabuki syndrome. This is a systematic review developed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search strategy with descriptors ("kabuki syndrome" AND "dentistry") was applied to six databases. As inclusion criteria, we selected clinical case reports that addressed dental findings in one or more patients with Kabuki syndrome between 1999 and 2019, without restrictions regarding gender, age or language. Data collection in all databases was performed by a calibrated evaluator and titles, abstracts and full-text studies were systematically analyzed. Eleven case reports that fit the proposed inclusion criteria were found. After the qualitative synthesis, teeth absence or agenesis were the most reported findings, being observed by nine authors. Less frequent dental findings in patients with this syndrome are taurodontism, microdontia, fusion, gemination and conical or screwdriver-shaped teeth. In fact, when any syndrome or genetic condition is related to manifestations of dental interest, the dental surgeon should be able to investigate them, especially teeth agenesis or absence. For this reason, the dentist should be aware of the manifestations of Kabuki syndrome, contributing to patients' understanding and management.

scholarly journals Ionizing radiation induces endothelial transdifferentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells through the Tie2 signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Deshors ◽  
Christine Toulas ◽  
Florent Arnauduc ◽  
Laure Malric ◽  
Aurore Siegfried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness ◽  
Radio Chemotherapy

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) are brain tumors with a poor prognosis despite treatment that combines surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. These tumors are characterized by abundant vascularization and significant cellular heterogeneity including GBM stem-like cells (GSC) which contribute to tumor aggressiveness, resistance, and recurrence. Recent data has demonstrated that GSC are directly involved in the formation of new vessels via their transdifferentiation into Tumor Derived Endothelial Cells (TDEC). We postulate that cellular stress such as ionizing radiation (IR) could enhance the transdifferentiation of GSC into TDEC. GSC neurospheres isolated from 3 different patients were irradiated or not and were then transdifferentiated into TDEC. In fact, TDEC obtained from irradiated GSC (TDEC IR+) migrate more towards VEGF, form more pseudotubes in MatrigelTM in vitro and develop more functional blood vessels in MatrigelTM plugs implanted in Nude mice than TDEC obtained from non-irradiated GSC. Transcriptomic analysis allows us to highlight an overexpression of Tie2 in TDEC IR+. All IR-induced effects on TDEC were abolished by using a Tie2 kinase inhibitor, which confirms the role of the Tie2 signaling pathway in this process. Finally, by analyzing Tie2 expression in patient GBMs by immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that the number of Tie2+ vessels increases in recurrent GBM compared with matched untreated tumors. In conclusion, we demonstrate that IR potentiates proangiogenic features of TDEC through the Tie2 signaling pathway, which indicates a new pathway of treatment-induced tumor adaptation. New therapeutic strategies that associate standard treatment and a Tie2 signaling pathway inhibitor should be considered for future trials.

scholarly journals The Impact of Autoantibodies on IVF Treatment and Outcome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Evangelos Maziotis ◽  
Sokratis Grigoriadis ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Central Database ◽  
The Impact

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.

scholarly journals NCOG-39. PROGRESSION-FREE AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN PEDIATRICS WITH OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMAS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii137-ii137
Author(s):  
Vega Pangaribuan ◽  
Jemmy Kurniawan ◽  
Doni Widyandana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Optic Pathway ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Optic Pathway Gliomas

Abstract BACKGROUND Optic pathway gliomas (OPG) are typically astrocytic neoplasms that represent 3-5% of all pediatric brain tumors. The prognosis of these tumors has often been poor. Total surgical resection of OPG is not amenable, thus the role of surgery remains limited. Chemotherapy can be considered as the main modality of treatment; it is also able to postpone the use of radiotherapy which may harm the brain growth in children. METHODS We conducted the PRISMA-guided systematic literature search from 6 electronic databases to identify studies reporting outcomes of chemotherapy in OPG patients. The inclusion criteria are literature reporting the survival outcomes of chemotherapy in OPG patients with minimum subjects of 10 patients and aged below 22 years old. RESULTS A total of 48 out of 557 studies were assessed for its full paper eligibility. Thus, we found 10 studies comprising of 451 patients that met the inclusion criteria for analysis. From 8 different regimens of chemotherapy that were reported, the most commonly used regimens are Carboplastin ± Vincristine. The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were ranged from 23-70%, 34-73%, and 47.1% respectively. The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival (OS) rate has a range of 91-95%, 70.1-97%, and 61.3%-62.3% respectively. In detail, we found that 1 study with Cisplatin with Etoposide regimens reported 0% of the 5-year PFS rate, therefore it was excluded from the analysis. There are 2 studies that reported a high rate of 5-year radiotherapy free survival with chemotherapy, ranging from 61-82%. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed that chemotherapy in patients with OPG leads to an unsatisfactory 5-year PFS rate (34-73%), however it is able to provide a high 5-year OS (91-95%). In the absence of good quality control for these studies, future prospective clinical trials with adjusted confounding factors are urgently needed.

Role of thermography in the assessment of temporomandibular disorders and other musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110236
Author(s):  
Andre Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Batista ◽  
Susana Oliveira ◽  
Catarina Aguiar Branco ◽  
Joaquim Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Reliable Assessment

The aim of this review was to evaluate whether thermal imaging may constitute a reliable assessment method of musculoskeletal and temporomandibular disorders (TMD/MSD). A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. The search terms were “musculoskeletal disorders,”“temporomandibular disorders,”“infrared thermography,”“thermography,” and “infrared imaging.” The inclusion criteria were: studies published between January 1985 and January 2021, performed in humans, with sample size equal or greater than 20 patients, written in English, Portuguese, French and/or Spanish, and full text available. The exclusion criteria were: systematic reviews, case studies, and/or studies focused on pathologies beyond the review’s domain. The risk of bias was evaluated using CASP 2018. A total of 2032 articles were retrieved. Of these, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included to withdraw the following information: title, type of study, first author and year of publication, objective, number of participants, comparisons, and principal conclusions. No RCT were found. Despite some disparity, points of convergence among the majority of authors could be found. In general, healthy individuals show subtle thermal differences between contralateral homolog areas. Concerning orofacial structures, unilateral symptomatic individuals may show thermal differences equal or greater than 0.4°C. Infrared thermography accuracy in diagnosing TMD/MSD is still considered low to moderate. Despite some limitations, IRT might constitute a valuable supporting diagnostic tool in the medical field of TMD and MSD.

scholarly journals ROLE OF WHATSAPP® IN MEDICAL EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Noor-i-Kiran Naeem ◽  
Rehan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Haris Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Share Information

ABSTRACT Background: This review is aimed to find out how WhatsApp® has been integrated into medical education. A systematic review of the current literature was performed, links to prior reviews were drawn and implications for the future were discussed. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, ERIC and Science Direct) were searched after defining the inclusion criteria. Key information from the articles was methodically abstracted and discussed in the categories research type, study design, participants' level of medical education and study content along with the use of WhatsApp® in Medical education and its perceived advantages and disadvantages. Results: Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that 40-76% of medical students had a WhatsApp® account out of which 30- 60% used WhatsApp® for educational purposes. WhatsApp® was used to communicate with fellow students and faculty, share information online and participate in discussions groups. Conclusion: WhatsApp® influences a myriad of aspects of medical education at the undergraduate and graduate level. Despite an increase in the use of WhatsApp® in medical education, there is a lack of conclusive evidence in terms of its educational effectiveness.

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