scholarly journals Deciphering sex-specific miRNAs as heat-recorders in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosca van Gelderen ◽  
Jerome Montfort ◽  
José Antonio Álvarez-Diós ◽  
Violette Thermes ◽  
Francesc Piferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Zebrafish Genome ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
First Time

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in a wide variety of physiological processes, including those related to the reproductive system. Although in the last decade a plethora of miRNAs has been reported, the miRNA alterations occurred by environmental cues and their biological functions have not yet been elucidated. With the aim to identify epigenetic regulations mediated by miRNAs in the gonads in a climate change scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were subjected to high temperatures during sex differentiation (18-32 days post fertilization, dpf), a treatment that results in male-skewed sex ratios. Once the fish reached adulthood (90 dpf), ovaries and testes were sequenced by high-throughput technologies. About 101 million high-quality reads were obtained from gonadal samples. Analyses of the expression levels of the miRNAs identified a total of 23 and 1 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in ovaries and testes, respectively, two months after the heat treatment. Most of the identified miRNAs were involved in human sex-related cancer. After retrieving 3’ UTR regions, ~400 predicted targets of the 24 DE miRNAs were obtained, some with reproduction-related functions. Their synteny in the zebrafish genome was, for more than half of them, in the chromosomes 7, 2, 4, 3 and 11 in the ovaries, chromosome 4 being the place where the predicted sex-associated-region (sar) is localized in wild zebrafish. Further, spatial localization in the gonads of two selected miRNAs (miR-122-5p and miR-146-5p) showed exclusive expression in the ovarian germ cells. The present study expands the catalog of sex-specific miRNAs and deciphers, for the first time, thermosensitive miRNAs in the zebrafish gonads that might be used as potential epimarkers to predict environmental past events.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal roles of AclR, a luxR-type global regular in regulating motility and virulence of Acidovorax citrulli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Wang Tielin ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Mei Zhao ◽  
Eryuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Flagellar Assembly ◽  
Functional Analyses

LuxR-type transcriptional regulators are essential for many physiological processes in bacteria, including pathogenesis. Acidovorax citrulli is a seedborne bacterial pathogen responsible for bacterial fruit blotch, which causes great losses in melon and watermelon worldwide. However, the LuxR-type transcriptional factors in A. citrulli have not been well studied, except the previously reported LuxR-type regulatory protein, AcrR, involved inregulating virulence and motility. Here, we characterized a second LuxR-type regulator, AclR, in the group II strain Aac-5 of A. citrulli by mutagenesis, virulence and motility assays, and transcriptomic analysis. Deletion of aclR resulted in impaired twitching and swimming motility and flagellar formation and diminished virulence but increased biofilm formation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 1379 genes were differentially expressed in the aclR-mutant strain, including 29 genes involved in flagellar assembly and 3 involved in pili formation, suggesting a regulatory role for AclR in multiple important biological functions of A. citrulli. Together, our results not only indicate that AclR plays a global role in transcriptional regulation in A. citrulli influencing motility, biofilm formation, and virulence, but also provide perspective regarding the regulatory network of biological functions in A. citrulli.

Possible vegetation change in Mountain Altai under climate warming and compiling the prognosis maps

2000 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
E. I. Parfenova ◽  
N. M. Chebakova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
Bioclimatic Model ◽  
Open Woodland ◽  
Mountain Taiga

Global climate warming is expected to be a new factor influencing vegetation redistribution and productivity in the XXI century. In this paper possible vegetation change in Mountain Altai under global warming is evaluated. The attention is focused on forest vegetation being one of the most important natural resources for the regional economy. A bioclimatic model of correlation between vegetation and climate is used to predict vegetation change (Parfenova, Tchebakova 1998). In the model, a vegetation class — an altitudinal vegetation belt (mountain tundra, dark- coniferous subalpine open woodland, light-coniferous subgolets open woodland, dark-coniferous mountain taiga, light-coniferous mountain taiga, chern taiga, subtaiga and forest-steppe, mountain steppe) is predicted from a combination of July Temperature (JT) and Complex Moisture Index (CMI). Borders between vegetation classes are determined by certain values of these two climatic indices. Some bioclimatic regularities of vegetation distribution in Mountain Altai have been found: 1. Tundra is separated from taiga by the JT value of 8.5°C; 2. Dark- coniferous taiga is separated from light-coniferous taiga by the CMI value of 2.25; 3. Mountain steppe is separated from the forests by the CMI value of 4.0. 4. Within both dark-coniferous and light-coniferous taiga, vegetation classes are separated by the temperature factor. For the spatially model of vegetation distribution in Mountain Altai within the window 84 E — 90 E and 48 N — 52 N, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was used with a pixel of 1 km resolution. In a GIS Package IDRISI for Windows 2.0, climatic layers were developed based on DEM and multiple regressions relating climatic indices to physiography (elevation and latitude). Coupling the map of climatic indices with the authors' bioclimatic model resulted into a vegetation map for the region of interest. Visual comparison of the modelled vegetation map with the observed geobotanical map (Kuminova, 1960; Ogureeva, 1980) showed a good similarity between them. The new climatic indices map was developed under the climate change scenario with summer temperature increase 2°C and annual precipitation increase 20% (Menzhulin, 1998). For most mountains under such climate change scenario vegetation belts would rise 300—400 m on average. Under current climate, the dark-coniferous and light-coniferous mountain taiga forests dominate throughout Mountain Altai. The chern forests are the most productive and floristically rich and are also widely distributed. Under climate warming, light-coniferous mountain taiga may be expected to transform into subtaiga and forest-steppe and dark-coniferous taiga may be expected to transform partly into chern taiga. Other consequences of warming may happen such as the increase of forest productivity within the territories with sufficient rainfall and the increase of forest fire occurrence over territories with insufficient rainfall.

scholarly journals Simulating Agroforestry Adoption in Rural Indonesia: The Potential of Trees on Farms for Livelihoods and Environment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Beatrice Nöldeke ◽  
Etti Winter ◽  
Yves Laumonier ◽  
Trifosa Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Trees On Farms ◽  
Agroforestry Adoption ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

In recent years, agroforestry has gained increasing attention as an option to simultaneously alleviate poverty, provide ecological benefits, and mitigate climate change. The present study simulates small-scale farmers’ agroforestry adoption decisions to investigate the consequences for livelihoods and the environment over time. To explore the interdependencies between agroforestry adoption, livelihoods, and the environment, an agent-based model adjusted to a case study area in rural Indonesia was implemented. Thereby, the model compares different scenarios, including a climate change scenario. The agroforestry system under investigation consists of an illipe (Shorea stenoptera) rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) mix, which are both locally valued tree species. The simulations reveal that farmers who adopt agroforestry diversify their livelihood portfolio while increasing income. Additionally, the model predicts environmental benefits: enhanced biodiversity and higher carbon sequestration in the landscape. The benefits of agroforestry for livelihoods and nature gain particular importance in the climate change scenario. The results therefore provide policy-makers and practitioners with insights into the dynamic economic and environmental advantages of promoting agroforestry.

Rootstock effect on tree-ring traits in grapevine under a climate change scenario

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Enrica Zalloni ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
Arturo Erbaggio ◽  
Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Drought Occurrence

ABSTRACTProjected changes in drought occurrence in the Mediterranean region are raising concerns about the adaptive capability of rainfed crops, such as grapevine, to increasing aridity. Cultivation management, especially the techniques influencing the hydraulic pathway, can play a role in plant adaptation to drought for the consequent changes in wood anatomical functional traits. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grafting on wood anatomy in tree-ring series ofVitis vini-feraL. ‘Piedirosso’ grapevine cultivated in a volcanic area in Southern Italy. Tree-ring anatomy was analysed in vines grown on their own roots or grafted onto 420A rootstock. Results showed that grafted vines had a higher occurrence of wood traits linked with safety of water transport if compared with non-grafted vines. Grafting induced the formation of tree rings with higher incidence of latewood also characterised by narrower and more frequent vessels if compared with non-grafted vines. This study suggested a different regulation of water flow in the grafted and non-grafted vines. Such findings support the analysis of wood anatomy as a tool to drive decisions linked with plant cultivation management. In this specific case, our results encourage to further explore the change from a traditional cultivation with own-rooted grapevines towards grafted models inducing better xylem adaptation to increasing drought.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of the Toxin-Coding Plasmid pBtoxis from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1771-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Stein ◽  
Gareth W. Jones ◽  
Tanya Chalmers ◽  
Colin Berry
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Insecticidal Toxins

ABSTRACT In Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis all of the insecticidal toxins are encoded on a single, large plasmid, pBtoxis. Sequencing of this plasmid revealed 125 potential coding sequences, many of which have predicted functions in gene regulation and physiological processes, such as germination. As a first step in understanding the possible role of pBtoxis in its host bacterium, a survey of the transcription of genes with predicted functions was carried out. Whereas many coding sequences, including those previously identified as probable pseudogenes, were not transcribed, mRNA was detected for 29 of the 40 sequences surveyed. Several of these sequences, including eight with similarities to the sequences of known transcriptional regulators, may influence wider gene regulation and thus may alter the phenotype of the host bacterium.

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