scholarly journals A Wake-Up Call: Determination of Antibiotics Residue Level in Raw Meat in Abattoir and Selected Slaughterhouses in Five Local Government in Kano State, Nigeria.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lateefat Modupe Habeeb ◽  
Opasola Afolabi Olaniyi ◽  
Misbahu Garba ◽  
Morufu O Raimi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

The frequent use of antibiotics may result in drug residues that can be discovered at varying quantities in animal products such as milk or meat. The presence of pharmaceutical residues in food above the MRLs has been perceived globally by various persons. Antibiotics residues are present in food, which can endanger human health by causing antibiotic sensitivity, allergic reactions, microflora imbalance, bacterial resistance to antibiotics in microorganisms, and financial loss to the food industry. Farmers around the world utilize them on a sporadic basis for both preventative and curative purposes. This study assessed the antibiotics residues in raw meat sold in 6 slaughter houses in Kano States. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving six (6) major slaughter house in Kano state. Muscle, Kidney and liver samples were collected from each slaughterhouse. The antibiotic residues in the meat samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline residue results were presented in charts and tables. Out of a total of 18 beef samples analyzed during this study, 15 (83%) of the total samples had detectable levels of tetracycline residues from which 6(33.3%) had tetracycline residues at violative levels above the WHO/FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs), out of those 18 beef samples analyzed during this study, 6(33%) of the total samples had detectable levels of oxytetracycline residues from which 3(17%) had oxytetracycline residues at violative levels above the WHO/FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and out of those 18 beef samples analyzed during this study, 12(67%) of the total samples had detectable levels of ciprofloxacin, all levels are below the WHO/FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs). This high level of tetracycline and oxytetracycline residues in greater proportion of meat destined for human consumption at violative levels could be as a result of the indiscriminate use and misuse of veterinary drugs as commonly practiced among livestock producers and marketers without observing withdrawal period prior to slaughter. These results indicate that consumers may be predisposed to health hazards and hinder international meat trade from Nigeria. Regulatory authorities should therefore ensure compliance with good agricultural practices including withdrawal period of drugs used for treatment of food animals.

scholarly journals Practices of Usage of Antibiotics in Chicken Farming and Impact of Some of their Residues in Products Consumed in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The Political ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Water Administration ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

Background: Veterinary antibiotics are drugs widely used against bacterial infections in animals such as chickens, for infections prevention or treatment. But it was noticed that foodstuffs contaminated with antimicrobial residues may cause diverse side effects to consumers, when their levels are exceeding the standards and this occurs when antibiotics are poorly used. To date, data regarding antimicrobial usage in chicken farming and their levels in chicken products are not almost available. A survey was conducted to a hundred of farmers in twenty seven localities of Yaoundé, the political capital of Cameroon to describe the usage practices of antibiotics. Tissue and egg samples were randomly collected in five markets of the same town to appraise their compliance for tetracyclines and β-lactams with standards (not exceeding maximum residues limits) using the radio-receptor technique (Charm II Test). Results: The results showed that 92.1 % of farms were using antibiotics via drinking water administration. Among the antibiotics used, tetracycline’s represent 66.7 %, quinolones 44.4 %, β-lactams 22.2 % and nitro furans 11.1 %. Diseases were recorded in the majority of the farms during the survey and they include cough (92.1 %), gomboro (27.7 %), parasitosis (25.7 %) and pullorose (25.7 %).The withdrawal period was not following by 35.6 % of the farmers, 43.5 % of farms were not respecting the administration dose while 50.5 % were not having an appropriate place for the storage of antibiotics. 61.9 % of liver, 38.1 % of gizzard, 33.3 % of muscle and 8.8 % of egg samples contained tetracycline residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (200 µg /Kg for tetracycline residue and 50 µg /Kg for β-lactam). Contrarily, none of the samples were none compliance for β-lactam residues. Conclusion: These results suggest that, poorly use of antibiotics in rearing of chickens in Yaoundé (Cameroon) presents a risk for consumers. It is therefore important to inform the farmers about recommended standards for the use of these antibiotics in order to guarantee consumer food safety

scholarly journals Thin layer chromatographic investigation of antibiotics residues in edible poultry tissues in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 024-032
Author(s):  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Md. Rakibul Hasan ◽  
Md. Shakil Islam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
The People ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Poultry Tissues

Majority of the people in Bangladesh are still not aware about the health hazards of antibiotic residues. In this perspective, a survey was undertaken at five different poultry farms in the Dinajpur district. One hundred liver, one hundred thigh muscle and one hundred breast muscle samples were collected from different farms & market places and evaluated by TLC method. A very negligible number of samples were found positive for antibiotics residues. Out of one hundred liver, one hundred thigh muscle and one hundred breast muscle samples respectively; only two liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for amoxicillin antibiotic; five liver, three breast muscle and three thigh muscle samples were found positive for ciprofloxacin; three liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for cephalexin; two liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for enrofloxacin; four liver, two breast muscle and two thigh muscle samples were found positive for oxytetracycline. Gentamicin and neomycin were found negative for any samples. Further investigation was done in indoor discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline) in broilers. Liver, thigh muscle and breast muscle samples were collected and evaluated by TLC method. Therefore, poultry treated with antibiotics are required for specific withdrawal period until all residues are depleted to safe levels before human consumption. This research project provides idea that Bangladeshi poultry products are free of antibiotics residues in north area (Dinajpur District) of Bangladesh.

Mode d’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de bovin laitier sédentaires au nord-ouest du Bénin

2019 ◽  
Vol 42.2 ◽  
pp. 7198-7206
Author(s):  
Mensah Serge Egide Paulin ◽  
Sessou Philippe ◽  
Nata Christie ◽  
Adjahoutonon Koomlan Yélindo Kadjinou Brice ◽  
Lahamy Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Lait De Vache

Une enquête transversale a été faite pour évaluer l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de production de lait de vache des communes de Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé et Djougou au nord-ouest du Bénin. Sur 452 éleveurs enquêtés, 347 (76,7%) utilisaient des antibiotiques sans assistance vétérinaire pour le traitement des affections respiratoires (19,0%), les entérites néo natales (19,0%), les dermatoses (18,0%), les plaies (17,0%), les mammites (17,0%) ou d’autres maladies (10,0%). Les tétracyclines (100,0%), les pénicillines (100,0%), les sulfamides (47,1%) et les macrolides (16,8%) étaient les familles d’antibiotiques les plus utilisées. 35,6% des éleveurs achetait les antibiotiques au marché contre 84,4% chez un vétérinaire et 35,1% les achetait sans le conseil d’un vétérinaire. Plus de 50% des éleveurs ne consulte pas un vétérinaire pour l’administration des antibiotiques ou n’adapte jamais la posologie selon le poids des bovins traités. Enfin, 83,6% des éleveurs faisaient traire les vaches sous traitement antibiotiques tout comme les vaches sans traitement. Les services vétérinaires du Bénin devraient mieux contrôler de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en production de lait de vache et sensibiliser les éleveurs sur le risque représenté par la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait de vache consommé. ABSTRACT A cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the use of antibiotic in dairy farms in the municipalities of Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé and Djougou in northwestern Benin. Three hundred and Forty seven 347 (76.7%) of the 452 surveyed farmers used antibiotics without veterinary assistance against neonatal enteritis (19.0%), dermatitis (18.0%), wounds (17.0%), mastitis (17.0%) or others diseases (10.0%). Tetracyclines (100.0%), penicillins (100.0%), sulfonamides (47.1%) and macrolides (16.8 %) and were the most used families of antibiotics. 35.6% of breeders bought antibiotics at the market against 84.4% at a veterinarian and 35.1% bought them without the advice of a veterinarian. More than 50% of breeders do not consult a veterinarian for the administration of antibiotics or never adapt the dosage according to the weight of the treated cattle. Finally, 83.6% of breeders milked cows under antibiotic treatment as cows without treatment. Benin veterinary services should more control the use of antibiotics in dairy farms and inform the farmer about the risk associated with the presence of antibiotics residues in consumed cow milk.

Suppurative Infections in Hospitalized Patients – An Ongoing MRSA Threat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Razzak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Medical Wards

Background: Penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus commonly encountered in the hospital admitted patients. Detection of antibiotic sensitivity in hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is important as it has great influence on empiric antibiotic prescription, successful control of infection, prevention of spread of disease and successful patient management. This study aimed to detect the frequency of HA-MRSA from pus samples in a hospital setup with assessment of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi from January 2015 until December 2015. Pus samples from surgical site wounds, skin lesions, abscesses from surgical and medical wards and ICUs were collected. According to the standards given by CLSI 2014, MRSA testing of the samples was done and susceptibility testing for antibiotics was performed. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by D-Test; E Test. determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for vancomycin. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Result: Out of the 149 MRSA identified from the pus samples, 106 (71.14%) samples were HA-MRSA. The number of male patients was more than the female patients (67.66%). Out of the 106 HA-MRSA, 91(85.8%) were sensitive to TMP/SMX, 98(92.5%) to rifampicin, 12(11.6%) to gentamicin, 85(80.2%) to tetracycline, 11(10.4%) to erythromycin, 37(34.9%) to clindamycin, 20(18.9%) to ciprofloxacin, 106 (100%) to both vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: HA-MRSA showed sensitivity to TMP/SMX and vancomycin making them effective drugs to use in combination in superficial infections. The drug linezolid also showed 100% sensitivity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Karuna D. Sagili ◽  
Wai Wai Han ◽  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

Time to Positivity of Bacteria Cultures in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid: Evaluation of Different Laboratory Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Roberta M. Katzap ◽  
Vany Elisa Pagnussatti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Figueiredo ◽  
Julia Gabriela Motta ◽  
Domingos O. d'Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Patients with chronic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis (PD) are susceptible to infections, with peritonitis being the primary cause of dropout. Peritoneal fluid culture is one of the essential elements for proper diagnosis and peritonitis treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the time required to obtain a positive culture using different laboratory methods. An in vitro cross-sectional study was conducted comparing different techniques for preparation and culture of bacteria in peritoneal fluid. The research was carried out with 21 sterile dialysis bags and 21 PD bags containing peritoneal fluid drained from patients without peritonitis. Fluids from the 42 PD bags were contaminated by injecting a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus suspension and then prepared for culture using 4 distinct techniques: A - direct culture; B - post-centrifugation culture; C - direct culture after 4 h sedimentation; and D - culture after 4 h sedimentation and centrifugation. This was followed by seeding. In the 21 contaminated sterile bags, mean times to obtain a positive culture with techniques D (19.6 h ± 2.6) and C (19.1 h ± 2.3) were longer than with technique A (15.8 h ± 3.0; p < 0.01), but not statistically different from group B (19.0 h ± 3.2). The same occurred in the 21 bags drained from patients, with mean times for techniques D (14.0 h ± 1.9) and C (14.5 h ± 1.7) being longer than technique A (12.22 h ± 1.94; p < 0.05) but not statistically different from technique B (13.2 h ± 1.3). The sedimentation and centrifugation steps seem to be unnecessary and may delay antibiotic sensitivity test results by approximately 8 hours.

scholarly journals Concerns in the Norwegian Population during the Initial Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6119
Author(s):  
Inger Schou-Bredal ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Response Alternatives

Although concern affects one’s welfare or happiness, few studies to date have focused on peoples’ concerns during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to explore concerns in the Norwegian populations according to gender and age, and identify which concerns were most prominent during the lockdown. A population-based cross-sectional online survey using snowball-sampling strategies was conducted, to which 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Questions related to concerns had response alternatives yes or no. In addition, they were asked which concern was most prominent. Nearly all the 4527 respondents (92%) reported that they were concerned: 60.9% were generally concerned about the pandemic, 83.9% were concerned about family and friends, 21.8% had financial concerns, and 25.3% expected financial loss. More women were concerned about family and friends than males, (85.2% vs. 76.2%, p < 0.001), whereas more men expected financial loss (30.4% vs. 24.4%y, p = 0.001). Younger adults (<50 years) had more financial concerns than older adults (25.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). Being concerned about family and friends was the most prominent concern and was associated with; lower age (OR 0.79), female gender (OR 1.59), and being next of kin (2.42). The most prominent concern for adults 70 years or older was being infected by COVID-19. In conclusion, women and younger individuals were most concerned. While adults under 70 years of age were most concerned about family and friends and adults 70 years or older were most concerned about being infected by COVID-19.

A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study to compare the Isolated Organism and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Between Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Nahian Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Dipak Kumar Mitra ◽  
Afrin Ahmed Clara ◽  
Md. Suhail Alam ◽  
MD. Zahed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: The moment most common cause of in-hospital infection is pneumonia. Pneumonia is prevalent within the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) setting and can be deadly. The Incidence of pneumonia is approximately 17% in the therapeutic ICU2 but can be 6 to 20 times increased in mechanically ventilated patients. The duration of hospital stay and expenditure are both expanded in patients who develop ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aims to identify the causative microorganism responsible for CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia) and VAP (Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia) and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that was carried out at two ICU in Sylhet city. The data was collected from the patient's medical information, the patient's file, and the hospital information system. Culture and sensitivity (C/S) were collected from the electronic medical information system (MIS). All data from January 2019 to December 2020, including patient's information, course of the disease (in terms of death or recovery-if available), clinical features, and investigation reports, was transferred to an electronic data collection sheet (Microsoft Excel). After completion of all data collection, analysis was conducted through a spreadsheet. Comparison between two disease groups was made by independent t-test. Within the group, the analysis was done by the Chi-Square test. Results: In this thesis study, it was found that the most common organism responsible for CAP was Streptococcus spp. (34.70%) and is sensitive to Meropenem (92.21%), Imipenem (88.16%), Amikacin (70.67%), Piperacillin (70.91%), Moxifloxacin (70.96%), Levofloxacin (67.95%), Amoxiclav (67.92%), and Ceftriaxone(63.95%). The most common causative organism responsible for VAP was Staphylococcus spp. (36.51%) and it was sensitive to Imipenem (100%), Moxifloxacin (100%), Meropenem (94.73%), Amikacin (85.71%), Ceftriaxone (60%), Amoxiclav (66.66%), Levofloxacin (57.14%), and Cefuroxime (50%). Conclusion: Pneumonia is still one of the most common reasons for hospitalization, particularly for those admitted to ICU. It has been observed in several studies that the majority of the cases are communityacquired pneumonia. Many mechanically ventilated patients often develop VAP, which is fatal if timely diagnosis and appropriate antibiotics administration are not made. Streptococcus spp. was the most common organism responsible for CAP, and Staphylococcus spp. mainly was responsible for VAP.

scholarly journals Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice

mSystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yasuda ◽  
Tiffany Hsu ◽  
Carey A. Gallini ◽  
Lauren J. Mclver ◽  
Emma Schwager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Dental Products

ABSTRACT Fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products since the 1950s. The beneficial effects of fluoride on oral health are due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries. Despite widespread human consumption of fluoride, there have been only two studies of humans that considered the effect of fluoride on human-associated microbial communities, which are increasingly understood to play important roles in health and disease. Notably, neither of these studies included a true cross-sectional control lacking fluoride exposure, as study subjects continued baseline fluoride treatment in their daily dental hygiene routines. To our knowledge, this work (in mice) is the first controlled study to assess the independent effects of fluoride exposure on the oral and gut microbial communities. Investigating how fluoride interacts with host-associated microbial communities in this controlled setting represents an effort toward understanding how common environmental exposures may potentially influence health. Fluoridation of drinking water and dental products prevents dental caries primarily by inhibiting energy harvest in oral cariogenic bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis), thus leading to their depletion. However, the extent to which oral and gut microbial communities are affected by host fluoride exposure has been underexplored. In this study, we modeled human fluoride exposures to municipal water and dental products by treating mice with low or high levels of fluoride over a 12-week period. We then used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess fluoride’s effects on oral and gut microbiome composition and function. In both the low- and high-fluoride groups, several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to acidogenic bacterial genera (such as Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Bilophila) were depleted in the oral community. In addition, fluoride-associated changes in oral community composition resulted in depletion of gene families involved in central carbon metabolism and energy harvest (2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the glyoxylate cycle). In contrast, fluoride treatment did not induce a significant shift in gut microbial community composition or function in our mouse model, possibly due to absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Fluoride-associated perturbations thus appeared to have a selective effect on the composition of the oral but not gut microbial community in mice. Future studies will be necessary to understand possible implications of fluoride exposure for the human microbiome. IMPORTANCE Fluoride has been added to drinking water and dental products since the 1950s. The beneficial effects of fluoride on oral health are due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause dental caries. Despite widespread human consumption of fluoride, there have been only two studies of humans that considered the effect of fluoride on human-associated microbial communities, which are increasingly understood to play important roles in health and disease. Notably, neither of these studies included a true cross-sectional control lacking fluoride exposure, as study subjects continued baseline fluoride treatment in their daily dental hygiene routines. To our knowledge, this work (in mice) is the first controlled study to assess the independent effects of fluoride exposure on the oral and gut microbial communities. Investigating how fluoride interacts with host-associated microbial communities in this controlled setting represents an effort toward understanding how common environmental exposures may potentially influence health.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

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