scholarly journals Two Pools of ATP Detected in the Brains of Pediatric Patients with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disorders (MOGAD) by 3D 31P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) at 7T

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Ren ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Benjamin M. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
31P Mrsi ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging

Over the past four decades, ATP, the obligatory energy molecule for keeping all cells alive and functioning, was thought to contribute only one set of 31P MR signals in the human brain. Here we report for the first time the simultaneous detection of two pools of ATP in the human brain by high-resolution 3D 31P MRSI at ultrahigh field 7T. These two ATP pools differ in cytosolic Mg2+ concentration (1:0.5 ratio), with a resonance separation of 0.5 ppm at beta-ATP, a well-established imaging marker of intracellular Mg2+ concentration. Mg2+ is a cofactor of ATPase and its deficiency is associated with immune dysfunction, free radical damage, perturbations in Ca2+ homeostasis, development of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia, and a number of neurological disorders, such as cerebral vasospasm, stroke, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Our study documents reduced Mg levels in the brain of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorders (MOGAD), which is an idiopathic, inflammatory, demyelinating condition of the central nervous system (CNS) more common in pediatric patients. Low-Mg2+ ATP signals in MOGAD were detected mostly in the white matter regions, which may suggest Mg2+ deficiency in oligodendrocytes, which are primarily responsible for maintenance and generation of the axonal myelin sheath. This preliminary study demonstrates the utility of the 7T 3D 31P MSRI for revealing altered energy metabolism with reduced Mg availability at a normal ATP level. The potential correlation between [Mg2+] and disease progression over time should be assessed in larger cohorts.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Decline: The Neuroprotective Role of Natural Antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Franzoni ◽  
Giorgia Scarfò ◽  
Sara Guidotti ◽  
Jonathan Fusi ◽  
Muzaffar Asomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radical Damage

Free- radicals (Oxygen and Nitrogen species) are formed in mitochondria during the oxidative phosphorylation. Their high reactivity, due to not-engaged electrons, leads to an increase of the oxidative stress. This condition affects above all the brain, that usually needs a large oxygen amount and in which there is the major possibility to accumulate “Reacting Species.” Antioxidant molecules are fundamental in limiting free-radical damage, in particular in the central nervous system: the oxidative stress, in fact, seems to worsen the course of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to sum up natural antioxidant molecules with the greatest neuroprotective properties against free radical genesis, understanding their relationship with the Central Nervous System.

In Vivo 1H MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Yong Whee Bahk ◽  
Kyung Sub Shinn ◽  
Tae Suk Suh ◽  
Bo Young Choe ◽  
Kyo Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging

Study of antioxidant potential in leaves, stems, nuts of Juglans regia L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Raja* ◽  
Ivvala Anand Shaker ◽  
Inampudi Sailaja ◽  
R. Swaminathan ◽  
S. Saleem Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Radical Damage

Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.

scholarly journals Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Ana Checa-Ros ◽  
Antonio Jeréz-Calero ◽  
Antonio Molina-Carballo ◽  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adults. In pediatric age, most studies have focused on patients with autism. However, evidence of the role played by the MGBA in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, is still scanty and heterogeneous. This review aims to provide the current evidence on the functioning of the MGBA in pediatric patients with ADHD and the specific role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in this interaction, as well as the potential of the GM as a therapeutic target for ADHD. We will explore: (1) the diverse communication pathways between the GM and the CNS; (2) changes in the GM composition in children and adolescents with ADHD and association with ADHD pathophysiology; (3) influence of the GM on the ω-3 PUFA imbalance characteristically found in ADHD; (4) interaction between the GM and circadian rhythm regulation, as sleep disorders are frequently comorbid with ADHD; (5) finally, we will evaluate the most recent studies on the use of probiotics in pediatric patients with ADHD.

scholarly journals Lens Lipid Peroxides and Glutathione Concentrations in Diabetic Cataract

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Özmen ◽  
I Mutaf ◽  
B Özmen ◽  
J Mentes ◽  
O Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Damage

This study aims to explore the role of reactive oxygen radicals in the genesis of diabetic cataract. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in senile ( n = 30) and diabetic ( n = 14) cataractous lenses, were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by a method modified from Satoh and Yagi, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured according to Beutler. Lens LPO levels (mean, SD; nmol TBARS/g protein) were significantly higher in diabetics (107·54, 18·12) than senile cataractous subjects (53·54, 15·48) ( P < 0·0001). Lens GSH levels (mean, SD; nmol/g protein) showed no significant difference between diabetics (4·29, 2·05) and senile cataractous subjects (4·68, 3·12). These results suggest that free radical damage is more effective in the genesis of diabetic cataract than in senile cataract.

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