scholarly journals Transatlantic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wild birds from Europe to North America in 2021

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Caliendo ◽  
Nicola S Lewis ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
Jonas Waldenstrom ◽  
Marielle van Toor ◽  
...  

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage (GsGd), which threaten the health of poultry, wildlife and humans, are spreading across Asia, Europe and Africa, but are currently absent from Oceania and the Americas. In December 2021, H5N1 HPAI viruses were detected in poultry and a free-living gull in St. John, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses were most closely related to HPAI GsGd viruses circulating in northwestern Europe in spring 2021. Analysis of wild bird migration suggested that these viruses may have been carried across the Atlantic via Iceland, Greenland/Arctic or pelagic routes. The here documented incursion of HPAI GsGd viruses into North America raises concern for further virus spread across the Americas by wild bird migration.

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Flint ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
J. Christian Franson ◽  
Dirk V. Derksen

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nuradji ◽  
J. Bingham ◽  
J. Payne ◽  
J. Harper ◽  
S. Lowther ◽  
...  

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus causes high mortality of infected birds, with infection in multiple organs, including in feathers. Feathers have been proposed as samples for diagnosis of HPAI infection in birds, and this study is part of a broader investigation validating the use of feathers for diagnostic purposes. To understand and characterize the morphological basis for feather infection, sections from 7 different skin tracts of ducks and chickens infected with 3 different clades of H5N1 HPAI virus from Indonesia and Vietnam were examined histologically. Results showed that in ducks, lesions and viral antigen were mainly detected in the epidermis of feathers and follicles, whereas in chickens, they were mostly found in the dermis of these structures. Abundant viral antigen was found in nearly all the feathers examined from chickens, and there was no apparent difference between virus isolates or skin tracts in the proportion of feathers that were antigen positive. By immunohistochemistry, the majority of feathers from most skin tracts from ducks infected with a Vietnamese H5N1 HPAI virus contained abundant levels of viral antigen, while few feathers were antigen positive from ducks infected with 2 Indonesian viruses. These results support and inform the use of feathers for diagnostic detection of H5N1 HPAI virus in birds.


2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team

Poultry on a farm in the federal state of Sachsen, eastern Germany have tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1


Virology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 382 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanet A. van der Goot ◽  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Arjan Stegeman ◽  
Sandra G.P. van de Water ◽  
Mart C.M. de Jong ◽  
...  

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