Positioning the Tata Nano (B)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Alice M. Tybout ◽  
Natalie Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

The case focuses on positioning a new brand, the Tata Nano. The car has been widely publicized as the world's cheapest car at Rs.1 lakh. Students must consider the gap between the ultimate target, the huge emerging middle class of Indian consumers, and the limited capacity and distribution available in choosing a target. They also must select between alternative competitive frames and the various points of difference they highlight. The case unfolds in two stages. The first decision point is in 2009, at the launch of the time of the product launch. The second decision point is 18 months later, after production capacity has increased and some product safety issues have arisen.The primary goal of the case is to illustrate the choices made in developing a strong brand positioning and the interrelationship between these choices. Students select a target and an appropriate competitive frame of reference and point of difference for that target and summarize these elements in a positioning statement. The case also highlights importance of making promotion and distribution decisions that are consistent with the positioning.

Positioning the Tata Nano (A)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alice M. Tybout ◽  
Natalie Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

The case focuses on positioning a new brand, the Tata Nano. The car has been widely publicized as the world's cheapest car at Rs.1 lakh. Students must consider the gap between the ultimate target, the huge emerging middle class of Indian consumers, and the limited capacity and distribution available in choosing a target. They also must select between alternative competitive frames and the various points of difference they highlight. The case unfolds in two stages. The first decision point is in 2009, at the launch of the time of the product launch. The second decision point is 18 months later, after production capacity has increased and some product safety issues have arisen.The primary goal of the case is to illustrate the choices made in developing a strong brand positioning and the interrelationship between these choices. Students select a target and an appropriate competitive frame of reference and point of difference for that target and summarize these elements in a positioning statement. The case also highlights importance of making promotion and distribution decisions that are consistent with the positioning.

Agricultural marketing and food safety in China: a utility perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ortega ◽  
Colin G. Brown ◽  
Scott A. Waldron ◽  
H. Holly Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Time Form ◽  
Made In ◽  
Chinese Food

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore Chinese food safety issues by analysing select incidents within he Chinese agricultural marketing system. Design/methodology/approach – A marketing utility framework is utilized to discuss some of the major food safety incidents in China and potential solutions are explored. Findings – The paper finds that food safety issues arise from problems of asymmetric information which leads to the profit seeking behaviour of agents distorting rather than enhancing the creation of one of the four types or marketing utility (time, form, place and possession). Additionally, structural causes found within the Chinese food marketing system have contributed to the food safety problems. Research limitations/implications – This is not an empirical research with numerical data. Originality/value – This study is one of the first to address Chinese food safety problems from an agricultural marketing utility perspective. Key anecdotes are used to support the claims made in this study.

The first two decades of Circular Economy in the 21st century: a bibliographic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Francisco Pinto Anaruma ◽  
Jorge Henrique Caldeira de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Anaruma Filho ◽  
Wesley Ricardo de Souza Freitas ◽  
Adriano Alves Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Academic Area ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and map the main areas of the Circular Economy literature of the first two decades of 21st century, offering a broad vision about the growth of the theme during these years.Design/methodology/approachThe research was divided into two stages: the first was a systematic review of literature and the second consisted on generation and analysis of bibliographic maps.FindingsThe publication indicates the prominence of China and European Union countries in the production of articles about Circular Economy. Furthermore, the topic is restricted to academic area, and that research on Circular Economy is still very focused on theory studies, even with exponential growth in the number of published articles about the theme since 2015. Finally, it also provides a collection of information as the principal authors, the most cited publications, citations, co-citations and countries that have most published beyond which are the most discussed topics.Research limitations/implicationsA possible limitation of the research is that it was performed only in the Scopus database. It may be suggested as future searches that other databases are included as well, and another suggestion is to reduce the time period between research samples due to the exponential increase in the number of publications and topics discussed lately.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper can guide future researches about the development of Circular Economy during the next decades or years and serve as a facilitator for researchers and for managers that want to know more about the topic.Originality/valueA mapping of the principal players and main discussions about Circular Economy made in the first two decades of the 21st century and an analysis about the growth and changes about the theme.

scholarly journals Extraction of γ-Alumina from Low-Cost Kaolin

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Khalil Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Moumani ◽  
Salsabeela Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Microcrystalline Powder ◽  
Made In

A combined process is proposed for the utilization of local kaolin to produce alumina particles. The applied process is made in two stages: calcination at 700 °C with sodium chloride and leaching with sulfuric followed by hydrochloric acids. The optimal extraction efficiency can be obtained when the conditions are as follows: leaching temperature is at 140 °C, leaching time is 3 h 45 min and concentration of sulfuric acid is 40 wt.%. The results show that the purity of alumina reaches 79.28%, which is suitable for the production of aluminum metal. It is evident that this method of extraction of alumina from the kaolin ash is practical and feasible. The structural and morphological properties of the calcined microcrystalline powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals MULTI-CHANNEL FRY COUNTER DESIGN USING OPTOCOUPLER SENSOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Lazuardi Umar ◽  
Yanuar Hamzah ◽  
Rahmondia N. Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Counting Process ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Channel Detection ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

This paper describes a design of a fry counter intended to be used by consuming fish farmer. Along this time, almost all the fry counting process is counted by manual, which is done by a human. It is requiring much energy and needs high concentration; thus, can cause a high level of exhaustion for the fry counting worker. Besides that, the human capability and capacity of counting are limited to a low level. A fry counter design in this study utilizes a multi-channel optocoupler sensor to increase the counting capacity. The multi-channel fry counter counting system is developed as a solution to a limited capacity of available fry counter. This design uses an input signal extender system on controller including the interrupt system. From the experiment, high accuracy level is obtained on the counting and channel detection, therefore, this design can be implemented and could help farmers to increase the production capacity of consuming fish.

Brand Positioning Practices in Services Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Marketing Executives

During 1980s the strategic relevance of brand positioning was recognized and service organisations are now identifying their key market segments and determining how they wish consumers to perceive their company and its products/services. Positioning is of particular significance for services as it places an intangible service within a more tangible frame of reference. This chapter examines and compares the brand positioning practices in services sector with reference to banks. It proposes a model for positioning of brands in services sector. The findings are based on an exploratory study; empirical data is collected from customer respondents (1800) and marketing executives of the banks. Six banks are studied, two each from public, private sectors and foreign banks. The study would help banks to acquire, retain and satisfy their customers by positioning their brand as it suggests a model that concentrates on internal and external facilitators, sources of growth, designing the service offer and differentiating it from competitors and delivering the service successfully.

scholarly journals Luxury cars Made-in-China: Consequences for brand positioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 288-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Bartikowski ◽  
Fernando Fastoso ◽  
Heribert Gierl
Keyword(s):  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

2012 offshore petroleum exploration acreage release

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tania Constable
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Made In ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Australia has abundant natural gas reserves and is experiencing a rapid expansion of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) production capacity. In 2011 alone, four Australian LNG projects received final investment decisions (FIDs) and another FID was made in the first weeks of 2012. These projects will add more than 33 million tonnes of new LNG capacity, represent more than $100 billion in investment, and will see Australia become the world’s second largest LNG exporter by 2015. These projects are underpinned by Australia’s stable economic environment and our effective and efficient legislative regime that provides the industry the confidence to pursue a variety of investment opportunities. The essential first step covered by this regime is exploration, which is supported by Australia’s annual Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release. Prepared by the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism and Geoscience Australia, the annual Acreage Release is the key mechanism used by the Australian Government to encourage investment in petroleum exploration. The 2012 Acreage Release areas have been carefully selected to offer the global petroleum exploration industry a variety of investment opportunities. Areas vary in size, level of existing geological knowledge, and are located in a range of water depths. Selected areas are supported by pre-competitive geological and geophysical data and analysis undertaken by Geoscience Australia. The detailed Acreage Release information package is available at online at www.petroleum-acreage.gov.au or by visiting the Commonwealth Government’s booth at the APPEA conference.

scholarly journals Modelling and analysis of a network organization for cooperation of manufacturers on production capacity

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Tan
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Cooperation Network ◽  
Total Profit

We present an analytical model to analyze the operation of a productive cooperation network where producers cooperate on production capacity. Producers have limited capacity and have access to subcontractors at a higher cost. A single-unit auction-based allocation mechanism is proposed to allocate an arriving order based on the producers' cost structures and their current loads to maximize the total profit. We show that when the costs are private information, producers are willing to cooperate in order to increase their expected profit. Furthermore, it is shown that there is an equilibrium where producers bid their actual costs. The cooperation can also generate extra profit to cover a part of its operating expenses with this allocation mechanism. A continuous-time Markov chain model is utilized to evaluate the performance of the allocation mechanism where producers submit their myopic best response bids. The cooperation case is also compared with the no-cooperation case and also with the centralized operation of producers.

Clement of Alexandria’s Anti-Valentinian Interpretation of Gen 1:26−27

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Philosophical Project ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

AbstractClement of Alexandria’s interpretations of Gen 1:26−27 are made in reaction to what he perceived to be heretical Valentinian interpretations of the same passage. Clement’s notes on Valentinian biblical interpretation, the Excerpta ex Theodoto, contain the content against which he is reacting, which he perceives to be heretical in terms of their determinism: people made according to the “image” and the “likeness” of God consist of two different classes of people, non- Christians and ecclesial Christians respectively. On top of this the Valentinians add one more category of humanity which is according to “its own” nature-this is the category to which the gnostic Christians, the Valentinians, belong. Clement counters this perceived determinism by having “image” and “likeness” correspond to two stages of the Christian life: “faith” (πίστις) and “knowledge” (γνῶσις) respectively. By doing this, he appropriates this aspect of Valentinian theology into his own orthodox-that is, apostolic and ecclesiastical-Christian theological and philosophical project.

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