A sobering examination of how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates the disparities of vulnerable populations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilcelia A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African American ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Social Justice Theory

PurposeIntersectionality theory is a social justice theory customarily employed to address inequities which arise in the academic or legal arenas as it relates to race and gender. The application of intersectionality theory extends beyond the convergence of multiple social identities. It provides an invaluable framework to examine the convergence of social identities, the social determinants of health and a global pandemic in communities of historically marginalized and underrepresented persons. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated the disparities experienced by African American and Latinx persons using the principles of intersectionality theory as the schema.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was performed on the scholarly articles examining the disproportionate incidence and mortality rates of African Americans and Latinx persons in America.FindingsThe current literature confirms that the disparities which existed prior to the onset of the coronavirus pandemic have been magnified by systemic oppression and racism of historically marginalized and underrepresented persons in America. The coronavirus pandemic has spotlighted the disparities in sustainable employment and access to health care for African American and Latinx persons.Originality/valueEmploying a social justice theoretical framework of intersectionality provides an opportunity to examine the lived experiences of African American and Latinx persons without race/ethnicity being the primary focal point. Future research will illustrate the urgent need for public health policy reform to eradicate the disparities experienced by African American and Latinx populations.

The information work of community archives: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex H. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collection Development ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Archives ◽  
Work Community ◽  
Information Work

PurposeThis paper scrutinizes the scholarship on community archives' information work. Community archives and archiving projects represent unprecedentedly democratic venues for information work centering on essential documentary concepts such as custody, collection development and appraisal, processing, arrangement and description, organization, representation and naming, collaboration, resource generation and allocation, activism and social justice, preservation, reuse, and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachUnearthed through databases searches, citation chaining, and browsing, sources examined include peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and book chapters published in the English language between 1985 and 2018.FindingsThe literature on community archives’ information work shows considerable geographical (six continents), topical, and (inter)disciplinary variety. This paper first explores scholars' efforts to define both community and community archives. Second, it unpacks the ways in which community archives include new stakeholders and new record types and formats even as they leverage alternative archival principles and practices. Third, it discusses community archives as political venues for empowerment, activism, and social justice work. Fourth, this paper delves into the benefits and challenges of partnerships and collaborations with mainstream institutions. Fifth, it documents the obstacles community archives face: not only tensions within and among communities, but also sustainability concerns. Finally, it sets forth six directions for future research.Originality/valueThis paper is the first systematic review of the community archives literature.

Estimating umbrella-branding spillovers: a retailer perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1695-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Sebri ◽  
Georges Zaccour
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brand Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Umbrella Branding ◽  
Share Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The starting conjecture is that the market share of a brand in one category benefits from its performance in another category, and vice versa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the umbrella-branding spillovers by investigating the presence of synergy effect between categories when a retailer and/or a manufacturer decide to adopt/use the same name for his products. In fact, besides the cross-category dependency due to substitutability or complementarity, products can also be linked through their brand name in presence of an umbrella-branding strategy. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an extended market-share model to account for the spillover effect at the brand level. The spillover is modeled to be generated by the brand's performance and not specific to marketing instruments, as done in the literature. They adopt a multiplicative competitive interaction (MCI) form for the attraction function. Based on aggregated data of two complementary oral-hygiene categories, the authors estimate the umbrella-branding spillover parameters using the iterate three-stage least squares (I3SLS) method. They contrast the results in three scenarios: no spillover, brand-constant spillover and brand-specific spillover. Findings The ensuing results indicate that umbrella-branding spillover is (i) significant and positive, i.e. the brand performance is boosted by its performance in a related category, through the so-called brand-attraction multiplier; (ii) asymmetric, i.e. the spillover is not equal in both directions; and associated to the market strength of each competing brand; (iii) variable across brands. The results show that not accounting for umbrella-branding spillover leads to misestimating the parameters and has a considerable impact on price-elasticities computation. Research limitations/implications Because store brands and some national brands exist in many categories, and thus because consumers make inferences when they face a large number of brands in different categories, spillover effects cannot be labelled as simply complementary or substitution-related. Future research may provide insight about the spillover phenomenon in a more general framework that would consider the spillover occurring between more than two categories. Practical implications Providing accurate assessment for umbrella-branding spillovers governing the competing brands, the results offer a relevant and straightforward method for decision makers to precisely assess the impact of a marketing effort in one category on the retailer's global performance. The findings provide better forecasts of market response in terms of sales and profit, within a cross-category perspective. Originality/value This study develops and estimates a market-share model with the aim of measuring brand-category spillover effects. The literature dealt with cross-category interactions in terms of substitutability or complementarity between the products offered in the two or more categories under investigation. Here, the focal point (and contribution) of the authors is the link at the brand level. Indeed, the authors only require that a minimum of one brand is offered in at least two of the categories of interest. Further, the spillover considered is not specific to marketing instruments, but is generated by the brand performance (attraction or market share), which is the result of both the firms marketing-mix choice and competitors marketing policies.

scholarly journals Beyond the Trinity of Gender, Race and Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Cindy Hanson ◽  
Amber Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Trinity

Research exploring the gendered dimensions of adult learning has blossomed in the past two decades. Despite this trend, intersectional approaches in adult learning, research, and teaching remain limited primarily to the three categories of gender, race, and class. Intersectionality theory is more diverse than this and includes discussions of social structures, geographies, and histories that serve to build richer, more nuanced descriptions of how privilege and oppression are experienced. Because the purpose of intersectionality is to understand how social identities are constructed and to challenge the structures of power that oppress particular social groups, this approach is important for feminist and social justice educators. The Canadian authors of this manuscript posit that adult learning should move beyond intersectionality that focuses only on the trinity of gender + race + class in order to consider the nuances of inequality and the true complexities of representation and collective identities. By exploring literature in feminism, adult education, and intersectionality, they illustrate a gap at the core of adult education for social justice. Finally, they use two examples to illustrate how intersectionality works in practice.

Teachers as change agents: social justice theory to practice

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnMarie Alberton Gunn ◽  
Susan V. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Multicultural Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Justice Pedagogy ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Course Work ◽  
Literacy Course ◽  
Social Justice Theory ◽  
K 12

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how participation in a multicultural literature course impacted K-12th classroom teachers’ social justice pedagogy and classroom practices one to three years after completion of the course. Design/methodology/approach This study investigated the effectiveness on teacher practices of a graduate literacy course, which was redesigned within a framework of social justice pedagogy by focusing on critical analysis of texts, teacher inquiry and a literacy civic engagement project. The authors interviewed 20 teachers one to three years after they enrolled in this multicultural children and young adults’ literature course. The authors also explored their classrooms and kept a researcher’s reflective journal. Findings The authors describe how participants implemented social justice pedagogy and strategies with their K-12th grade students. Originality/value While many studies look at how teacher education programs integrate social justice education into their programs, few researchers follow their students into the K-12 classrooms to investigate if teachers are connecting higher education course work and theory into practice.

scholarly journals Intersectionality, identity and identity work

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Corlett ◽  
Sharon Mavin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Special Issue developed from a joint research seminar of the Gender in Management and Identity Special Interest Groups of the British Academy of Management, entitled “Exploring the Intersectionality of Gender and Identity”. It also presents an introductory literature review of intersectionality for gender in management and identity/identity work researchers. The authors highlight the similarities and differences of intersectionality and identity approaches and introduce critiques of intersectional research. They then introduce the three papers in this Special Issue. Design/methodology/approach – The authors review the intersectionality literature within and outside management and organisation studies and focus their attention on three intersectionality Special Issues (Sex Roles, 2008, 2013 and the European Journal of Women’s Studies, 2006). Findings – The authors outline the ongoing debates relating to intersectionality research, including a framework and/or theory for identity/identity work, and explore the shared tenets of theories of intersectionality and identity. They highlight critiques of intersectionality research in practice and consider areas for future research for gender in management and identity researchers. Research limitations/implications – The authors provide an architecture for researchers to explore intersectionality and to consider issues before embarking on intersectional research. They also highlight areas for future research, including social-identities of disability, class and religion. Originality/value – Gender in Management: An International Journal invited this Special Issue to make a significant contribution to an under-researched area by reviewing the shared and different languages and importantly the shared key tenets, of intersectionality, gender, identity and identity work from a multidisciplinary perspective.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Screening in African American Men: Barriers and Methods for Improvement

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Caucasian Men

African American men have the highest rate of incidence for prostate cancer in the world and are more likely to die from the disease than other ethnic groups (National Institutes of Health, 1996). Routine screening for prostate cancer can lead to early detection of the disease, thereby reducing negative outcomes, but studies have shown that African American men are less likely than Caucasian men to engage in screening practices. Lack of access to health care, socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge, fear, patient-provider communication, distrust of the medical profession, and aversion to digital rectal exam have been identified as possible barriers to prostate cancer screening in African American men. This literature review explores causes of this striking disparity between prostate cancer incidence and mortality in African American men and cites strategies used to improve prostate cancer screening rates among this population.

scholarly journals Addressing Official Misconduct

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-290
Author(s):  
Clayton B. Drummond ◽  
Mai Naito Mills
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Accountability ◽  
Legal Defense ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals

Currently, the National Registry of Exonerations (NRE) states that official misconduct has been a contributing factor in 1,404 of 2,601 exonerations. The term “official” includes criminal justice professionals such as prosecutors, judicial officials, and law enforcement. Analyzing official misconduct and inadequate legal defense cases in the NRE, the goal of this article is to identify (1) officials who commit misconduct in murder exonerations, (2) types of misconduct conducted, and (3) impact on race of the exoneree. The findings of the study indicated that police and prosecutors committed more acts of misconduct than the number of exonerees included in the study. Additionally, African American exonerees were found to be disproportionately victimized by official misconduct. Policy implications and future research provide insight on how the findings reinforce calls for social justice and police accountability in wake of the killing of George Floyd and the shooting of Jacob Blake.

Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Al-Kurdi ◽  
Ramzi El-Haddadeh ◽  
Tillal Eldabi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to help in providing a better understanding on knowledge sharing amongst academics in higher education institutions (HEIs). The aim of this study is realized by profiling existing literature to understand the determinants of knowledge sharing, research trends, theories, and future research opportunities. Design/methodology/approach After carefully examining the extant literature and by utilizing relevant academic-based research databases, a total of 73 papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade were reviewed and analyzed using well-established systematic literature review methodology. Findings The adopted systematic review revealed that there are limited contributions in understanding knowledge sharing in HEIs when compared with other sectors. The review provides a number of avenues for future research including technological, cultural, organizational, and behavioral aspects at different levels. Practical implications This study helps in offering a focal point to senior management in HEIs for realizing the requirements for developing appropriate strategies and programs to promote knowledge sharing among academics and consequently enhance their institutions’ performance. Originality/value This study utilized Jesson et al. (2011) in presenting a comprehensive systematic review of knowledge sharing specifically in the context of HEIs. This paper offers some theoretical and practical insights on what contributes toward understating the determinates affecting knowledge sharing practices among academics.

Applying feminist, multicultural, and social justice theory to diverse women who function as caregivers in end-of-life and palliative home care

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Home Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Palliative Home Care ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Social Justice Theory

AbstractObjective:Women are largely responsible for providing care to terminally ill family members at home. The goal of this review is to conceptualize diverse women's experiences in palliative home care from feminist, multicultural, and social justice perspectives.Methods:Peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified using the following databases: CIMAHL, psycINFO, and pubMED. The following search terms were used: women/mothers/daughters, Caregiving, family caregivers, feminism, culture, multiculturalism, and palliative home care. Article reference lists were also reviewed. The majority of penitent articles which formed the basis for the arguments presented were drawn from nursing, medicine, and counseling psychology scholarship.Results:The application of feminist, multicultural, and social justice theory brings to attention several potential issues female caregivers may experience. First, there exist diverse ways in which women's Caregiving is manifested that tend to correspond with variations in culture, relationship, and age. Second, it is important to attend to changing expectations placed on women as a result of Caregiving at the end of life. Third, the changing power dynamics women may experience in end of life Caregiving are very complex.Significance of results:The principle finding of the review was the highlighting of potential risks that culturally diverse female caregivers are likely to face at the end of life. The application of social justice theory provides a number of implications for practice and policy. Specifically, the identifying significant concerns regarding female caregivers in palliative home care, as well as suggesting ways to appropriately attend to these concerns, and oppression of women is less likely to be perpetuated, specific areas for future research in this domain are identified.

The role of societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Geiger ◽  
Cheryl Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the work of those with societal privilege in the practice of inclusion. It outlines the experience of privilege, obstacles raised by the study of women in cross-race relationships, and offers guidance for those with privilege in how to use it in relationships and organizational inclusion efforts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes lessons from varied literatures about privilege, social justice, and organizational inclusion/diversity and applies them to the work of inclusion for those privileged by race in the USA. Findings – The paper offers guidance to those with race privilege in the USA. It suggests ways to problematize privilege, how to become a social justice ally, reframe what white means, develop awareness about race dynamics, use empathy cautiously, create a “third culture,” balance multiple identities, and acknowledge numerous power differentials. Research limitations/implications – Given the specific contexts and social identities chosen here, the conclusions may not generalize. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to extend the experience, obstacles and guidance for those with other kinds of privilege in other contexts. Practical implications – Because of global demographics, organizations have incorporated a wide range of workforce diversity and now need to maximize practices of inclusion so talent can be fully utilized. This paper provides specific practices that can cause those with privilege to create a truly inclusive environment. Originality/value – There is very little exploration about the role of those with societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion. This paper's contribution is to outline the work to be done by those privileged.

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