Study of corrosion of copper in industrial cooling systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis A Kartsonakis ◽  
Elias P. Koumoulos ◽  
Antonis Karantonis ◽  
Costas A. Charitidis ◽  
S Dessypris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform the evaluation of copper susceptibility to corrosion in industrial cooling systems. Microstructure and defects of copper are observed, while divergences from optimum structure are discussed. Design/methodology/approach – Various types of corrosion are examined. Electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation are applied in these materials, using corrosion inhibitors. Microscopic observations and electrochemical measurements are interpreted according to possible mechanistic scenarios. Findings – It is evident that, under specific conditions (e.g. high pH), water cooling ingredients can enhance corrosion, leading to significant copper mass loss from the inner surface of the pipe and thus leading to failure. Originality/value – Evaluation of copper corrosion in cooling industrial systems was done, as well as studies of copper corrosion in sodium chloride.

Mild steel protection with tannic and polyaspartic acid in cooling systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
Esma Sezer ◽  
İpek Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Tannic acid (TA) is one of the green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel; its anti-corrosive performance in alkaline water on mild steel when it is used together with polyaspartic acid (PASA) still has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective, biodegradable and environment-friendly novel corrosion inhibitor based on TA and PASA as an alternative to the conventional inorganic inhibitors for mild steel in decarbonised water, which is common in cooling systems. Design/methodology/approach Corrosion inhibition mechanism is investigated by electrochemical techniques such as polarisation measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and results were evaluated to determine the optimum inhibitor concentration for industrial applications. Additionally, practice-like conditions are carried out in pilot plant studies to simulate the conditions in cooling systems. Thus, the efficiencies of the inhibitors are evaluated through both weight loss and linear polarisation resistance measurements. Moreover, the corrosion product is characterised by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Findings TA shows high inhibition efficiency especially towards pitting corrosion for mild steel in decarbonised water. PASA addition in the cooling systems improves the inhibition efficiency of TA, and at lower concentrations of TA + PASA, it is possible to obtained better inhibition efficiency than TA alone at higher inhibitor amounts, which is essential in economic and environmental aspect. Originality/value A blended inhibitor program including TA and PASA with suggested concentrations in this work can be used as an environmental friendly treatment concept for the mild steel corrosion inhibition at cooling systems.

Electromagnetic corrosion control in water cooling systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Eduardo Alencar de Souza ◽  
José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Corrosion Control ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electromagnetic Treatment ◽  
Control Technologies

Purpose – The aim was to study the effect of an electromagnetic treatment used on corrosion control of carbon steel in cooling systems. Design/methodology/approach – The aim was to assess the performance of an electromagnetic treatment used on corrosion control of carbon steel in cooling water systems. Findings – The main conclusion is that the electromagnetic system cannot induce a direct effect on the corrosion rates. The use of chemical corrosion inhibitors cannot be suggested. Social implications – The optimized industrial use of water is an objective of unquestionable importance, as water is a finite resource. The use of efficient corrosion control on water cooling systems permits the reduction of the water volume required. Consequently, a social benefit can be associated with the improvement of corrosion control technologies. Originality/value – The development of alternative corrosion control technologies, such as the use of physical treatments, has been considered as a promising tool. In this work, a consistent assessment of the results achieved on a full-scale system, without using chemical corrosion inhibitors, is presented.

An electrochemical investigation of azole derivative on aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution using EN and EIS techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Ramezanzadeh ◽  
Milad Mehdipour ◽  
S.Y. Arman ◽  
M. Ramezanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Azole Derivative ◽  
Hcl Solution

Purpose This study attempts to investigate corrosion inhibition properties of 1H-benzimidazole (B) and 1H-benzotriazole (BTA) on aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution at different concentrations. Design/methodology/approach To this end, electrochemical techniques including electrochemical noise (EN), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used. Findings Results showed a greater corrosion inhibition efficiency of BTA than B on aluminum in HCl solution. BTA showed greater tendency to adsorption on the metal surface than B because of the inclusion of three nitrogen atoms. Originality/value The novelty of this work is comparing EN data with EIS and potentiodynamic polarization parameters.

Effect of polyaniline/montmorillonite content on the corrosion protection of epoxy coating

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjun Zhang ◽  
Yawei Shao ◽  
Qiumei Shi ◽  
Yanqiu Wang ◽  
Guozhe Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Powder Content

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to research the influence of polyaniline/montmorillonite (PANI/OMMT) composite powder content on the corrosion protection of epoxy (EP) coating. Design/methodology/approach The polyaniline/montmorillonite/epoxy (PANI/OMMT/EP) coatings containing different contents of PANI/OMMT composite powder were prepared on steel. The corrosion protection performances of PANI/OMMT/EP coatings in 3.5 per cent NaCl solutions were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The barrier property of coatings was examined using water absorption analysis. The structure and crosslink density of coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Findings The PANI/OMMT composite powder could enhance the barrier properties of the EP coating and reduce the corrosion rate of the steel beneath the coating. The coating showed the best corrosion protection performance when 3 per cent PANI/OMMT powder was added to the coating. Originality/value The research clarified the influence of PANI/OMMT content on the corrosion protection of coating from two aspects: one is the barrier performance of the coating; the other is the corrosion inhibitors for metal substrate.

Performance of coatings containing treated silica fume in the corrosion protection of reinforced concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivin M. Ahmed ◽  
Mostafa G. Mohamed ◽  
Reham H. Tammam ◽  
Mohamed R. Mabrouk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anticorrosive Pigments

Purpose This study aims to apply novel anticorrosive pigments containing silica fume-phosphates (Si-Ph), which were prepared using core-shell technique by covering 80-90 per cent silica fume (core) with 10-20 per cent phosphates (shell) previously, to play dual functions simultaneously as anticorrosive pigments in coating formulations and as an anticorrosive admixture in concrete even if it is not present in the concrete itself. Two comparisons were held out to show the results of coatings on rebars containing core-shell pigments in concrete, and concrete admixtured with silica fume can perform a dual function as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture. The evaluation of corrosion protection efficiency of coatings containing core-shell pigments and those containing phosphates was performed. Design/methodology/approach Simple chemical techniques were used to prepare core-shell pigments, and their characterization was carried out in a previous work. These pigments were incorporated in solvent-based paint formulations based on epoxy resin. Different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the anticorrosive efficiency of the new pigments. Findings The electrochemical measurements showed that concrete containing coated rebars with core-shell pigments exhibited almost similar results to that of concrete admixtured with silica fume. Also, the anticorrosive performance of coatings containing Si-Ph pigments offered protection efficiency almost similar to that of phosphates, proving that these new pigments can perform both roles as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture. Originality/value Although the new Si-Ph pigments contain more than 80 per cent waste material, its performance can be compared to original phosphate pigments in the reinforced concrete.

Corrosion inhibition of some azole derivatives on carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Markhali ◽  
R. Naderi ◽  
M. Sayebani ◽  
M. Mahdavian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is investigate the inhibition efficiency of three similar bi-cyclic organic compounds, namely, benzimidazole (BI), benzotriazole (BTAH) and benzothiazole (BTH) on carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Organic inhibitors are widely used to protect metals in acidic media. Among abundant suggestions for acid corrosion inhibitors, azole compounds have gained attention. Design/methodology/approach – The inhibition efficiency of the three organic compounds was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings – Superiorities of BTH and BTAH corrosion inhibitors were shown by EIS data and polarization curves. Moreover, the results revealed that BTAH and BTH can function as effective mixed-type adsorptive inhibitors, whereas no inhibition behavior was observed for BI. Both BTAH and BTH obeyed Longmuir adsorption isotherm. The results obtained from this isotherm showed that both inhibitors adsorbed on the specimen surface physically and chemically. The difference in inhibition efficiencies of BTAH, BTH and BI was related to the presence of nitrogen and sulfur hetero atoms on their molecular structures. Originality/value – This study evaluated inhibition efficiency of BI, BTAH and BTH using electrochemical methods. In addition, the study attempted to find inhibition mechanism of the inhibitors and to find modes of adsorption of the inhibitors, correlating effects of heteroatoms and inhibition efficiency.

Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution containing sulfide ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou-Elhagag A. Hermas ◽  
Abobakr Mohamed Elnady ◽  
Reham M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Adsorbed Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Sulfide Ions

Purpose Although stainless steel (SS) has good corrosion resistance in most aqueous solutions, it suffers corrosion in some solutions which contain aggressive ions such as sulfide ions. This study aims to use some cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cephapirin and cefazolin) as corrosion inhibitors of commercial SS in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution containing sulfide ions at 30°C. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out using weight loss method, potential-time, linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance measurements, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Findings The presence of the cephalosporin compound in the corrosive medium shifted the corrosion potential of SS to much positive side, which enhances self-passivation of SS, and the shifting increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The cephalosporin compounds worked as effective inhibitors with mainly anodic and the efficiency increase as cefotaxime < cephapirin < cefazolin. The inhibitors form a protective adsorbed layer, which enriches the surface content of Ni and Cr and thus assists the SS to be passive. Originality/value The antibiotics cephalosporins could be used as effective corrosion inhibitors for SS in acidic solutions containing sulfide ions. The inhibitors enhances the the passive oxide film of SS even in presence of aggressive ions such as sulfide ions.

Applicability of EIS for evaluation of corrosion resistance of aluminum flakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Amirshaqaqi ◽  
Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdavian
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Purpose The conventional method for evaluation of corrosion resistance of aluminum flakes is based on the volume of evolved hydrogen in acidic and basic environments. This study aims to introduce electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a method to evaluate corrosion resistance of aluminum flakes. Design/methodology/approach Aluminum flakes with different surface modifications were compressed to build a disk. Then, the disks were examined by EIS in NaCl solution. Also, the corrosion resistance of the flakes was evaluated by the conventional method. Findings The results revealed applicability of EIS for evaluation of corrosion resistance of aluminum flakes. Originality/value Application of EIS to evaluate corrosion resistance of aluminum flakes is novel. As it can provide fast, reliable and quantitative estimation of the corrosion resistance of the aluminum flakes in the 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. This medium is highly encountered for the aluminum flakes used in organic coatings, that is why test in NaCl solution is more convenient compared to the conventional methods using acid and alkaline conditions.

Subsection corrosion inhibition of acidic-oxidized polymer degradant in offshore oil field

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Zhu ◽  
Liqiang Zhao ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
Offshore Oil

Purpose This paper aims to introduce a method to reduce corrosion caused by acidic-oxidized polymer degradant through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduced a method to reduce corrosion caused by acidic-oxidized polymer degradant through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Findings The experimental results indicated that the influence of pre-corrosion status on corrosion rate and effectiveness of corrosion inhibitor are significant. The corrosion inhibitors in both injection stage inhibited the corrosion process by preventing the contact of corrosive medium and steel surface through formation of a protective film on the surface of N80 steel. The corrosion rate of polymer degradant can be reduced to 0.63 g/m 2 h through subsection injection with different inhibitor. Originality/value This result will increase the production of polymer injection plugging wells through expanding the application of acidic-oxidized polymer degradant.

Design and implementation of a directly cooled PV/T

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
Busiso Mtunzi ◽  
Edson L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a directly cooled photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) hybrid system. Design/methodology/approach – The research design subjects, instruments and methods that were used to collect data are as detailed in the paper. Two polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules were used in this study. Findings – The directly water-cooled PV module (PV/T) was found to operate better as compared to a naturally cooled module for the first three months. The PV/T initially operated at a higher electrical efficiency for 87 per cent of the day. The monthly energy-saving efficiency of the PV/T was found to be approximately 61 per cent, while the solar utilisation of the naturally cooled PV module M1 was found to be 8.79 per cent and that of M2 was 47.93 per cent. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation was the continued drop in efficiency after the first three months of the PV/T placed outdoors. The fall in the efficiency was attributed to water ingress. Practical implications – Direct water cooling of PV modules is possible, only that a better sealing is needed to prevent water ingress. Originality/value – PV air cooling has been researched on. Use of water as a cooling medium has been carried out using serpentine pipes or riser tube, and no direct water cooling on the back of the module has been researched on.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document