Digital currencies and economic sanctions: the increasing risk of sanction evasion

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wronka
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Key Questions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effect of the issuance, adoption and use of digital currencies on economic sanctions with the focus being on the increasing risk of sanction evasion. The research sought to answer three key questions: What is the effect of digital currencies on economic sanctions? To what extent does the adoption and use of digital currencies increase the risk of sanction evasion? What remedial measures can be taken to enforce compliance with sanctions in the wake of increased adoption and use of digital currencies? Design/methodology/approach The research relied on secondary sources of data, using secondary research to collect archival data in the form of documents. Content and thematic analyses were used to synthesise the collected data. Findings It was found that digital currencies have significantly increased the risk of sanction evasion. This is because they facilitate the anonymous or pseudonymous conduct of international commercial transactions, which are hard or impossible to detect and track. Originality/value This research is the first to explore the different ways in which digital currencies as whole – and not just cryptocurrencies – affect compliance with economic sanctions.

Financial crime in the decentralized finance ecosystem: new challenges for compliance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wronka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
New Challenges

Purpose As decentralized finance (DeFi) has collected substantial promotion, investment and cryptographic development as a new model for numerous financial operations over the last months. As DeFi models and technology are quite unique, authorities have not been engaged much yet. However, these non-regulated financial markets will be overlooked for no long by the regulators. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the new challenges for financial crime compliance which need to be tackled very soon. Design/methodology/approach The research relied on secondary sources of data, using secondary research to collect archival data in the form of documents. Content and thematic analyses were used to synthesize the collected data Findings DeFi is considered to be one of the major steps towards adopting crypto masses. It is expected that DeFi will play a significant role in future and provide the present banking system with a feasible alternative. Therefore, it is crucial that the DeFi industry must address the main risks to ensure its “user” full compliance. Originality/value This research is the first to analyse the emerging challenges of fighting financial crime in the DeFi ecosystem.

Outsourcing in startups

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Kalil Steinbruch ◽  
Bernardo Soares Fernandes ◽  
Leandro da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Antônio Zawislak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Core ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Structure Knowledge

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the main activities that startups outsource and the elements involved in outsourcing decisions. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case study composed of Brazilian startups was conducted. Data through interviews and secondary sources were obtained. Two groups of startups were considered and analyzed comparatively: startups in the development stage and in the sales stage. Findings The findings show that even though the literature suggests that the core business should not be outsourced, some startups do have to outsource this kind of activity. That was the main difference found between startups in the sales stage and in the development stage: the former group has a solid structure, knowledge and resources, so they can keep the core business inside the firm; whereas the latter group has little experience, scarce knowledge and resources, making outsourcing a more attractive alternative. Originality/value Theoretically, this paper approaches a perspective underexplored in the innovation and management literature: outsourcing in startups. It highlights how outsourcing, as a decision between making and buying, can help startups to improve success potential. In practice, this paper discusses and demonstrates why and what can be outsourced by startups in the development and in the sales stages to overcome their limitations and, consequently, achieve better innovative results.

How can dynamic capabilities make sense in avoiding value co-creation traps?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbo Sun ◽  
Qingqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Network Capability

PurposeThe existing research rarely explains the role of dynamic capabilities in the creation of value co-creation behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to explore how dynamic capabilities play a role in avoiding value co-creation traps and generating new value co-creation behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis paper collects rich interview and archival data from two Chinese manufacturing companies to examine value co-creation in digital servitization by the case study.FindingsThe paper discovers the value co-creation traps that enterprises face in digital servitization and analyzes the important role of resource and technology integration capabilities in avoiding these traps. Also, the research explores how network capability affects the generation of new value co-creation behaviors.Originality/valueThis paper develops a framework for dynamic capabilities to avoid value co-creation traps and generate new value co-creation behaviors.

The conflict between anti-money laundering reporting obligations and the doctrine of confidentiality for legal practitioners in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Njaramba E. Gichuki
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the balance between anti-money laundering reporting obligations and the doctrine of advocate–client confidentiality for legal practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted for this research is secondary research and analysis. Findings The doctrine of confidentiality between advocates and clients and reporting obligations under the anti-money laundering regime are relevant issues today more than ever. The equitable doctrine of confidentiality seeks to protect confidential information provided by one party to another in circumstances that import an obligation not to disclose that information or to use it for unauthorised purposes. The Constitution guarantees fair trial. Money laundering is a menace that should be fought from all fronts. Self-regulation is the best bet to address money laundering for legal practitioners. Originality/value This paper is the work of the author and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere.

Virtual workplaces and lean leadership: integrative conceptualization and organizational implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Talina Mishra ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Virtual Leadership ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Virtual Workplace ◽  
The World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the concept of lean in the world of virtual leadership by continuously engaging employees and building efficient teams to increase the effectiveness of digital workplaces. Design/methodology/approach Secondary research from various research articles by authors in lean and leadership was done. Findings Lean leadership can serve as a great way to boost employee morale and enrich their experience in times of global crisis. Employees can effectively contribute to the organization with the help of virtual lean teams and tools. Originality/value This paper adds to the scarce literature on the integration of lean and leadership by exploring the various ways in which employees can be empowered to achieve organizational goals in the virtual workplace.

House financing: contracts used by Islamic banks for finished properties in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishath Muneeza ◽  
Muhammad Fahmi Fauzi ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Bin Mat Nor ◽  
Mohamed Abideen ◽  
Muhammed Maher Ajroudi
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
New Products ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out the existing practices of the Islamic banks in providing financing to the customers who have a requirement to purchase a finished property and to examine the existing products used by the Islamic banks in this regard by providing an insight into the modus operandi of these products. In doing this, attempt is made to find out the most famous product offered by the Islamic banks in this regard and to find out whether in reality, Malaysian Islamic banking industry has moved away from Bai Bithaman Ajil (BBA) or not. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research, largely library-based, and it will consist of secondary sources such as books, journals, articles and other sources related to the Islamic house financing in Malaysia for finished properties. Recent information of the practises of the banks in this regard is obtained from the official websites of the banks. Findings It is found from this study that majority of Islamic Banks in Malaysia prefer to use the Commodity Murabahah facility for finished property. This finding contradicts with the observations made by some scholars who state that in Malaysia, BBA was initially used, and nowadays, the use of Musharakah Mutanaqisah is more common. The reason why Commodity Murbahah has gained popularity is because of the fact that via the Bursa Suq Al Sila platform, it is easy, swift, reliable, profitable, cheaper, convenient and has zero risk to do this type of transaction at the comfort of the office. It is recommended in this paper to use Musharakah Mutanaqisah, as this contract is an innovative contract that is classified as an equity contract under shariah where risk is shared between the parties. There is need to conduct further research to implement Musharakah Mutanaqisah in Malaysia, specifically to reduce the risk that Islamic Banks will bear by practicing this contract. Originality/value The findings of this paper might create confusion among readers, as some may perceive that the finding of the paper is not new as BBA has been dominating Islamic house financing industry from the inception of Islamic banking in the country, and BBA and Murabahah are similar in nature, and as such, commodity Murabahah is also a Murabahah transaction. The reality that needs to be understood is that the way BBA was or is practised in Malaysia in relation to Islamic house financing is that in the name of BBA, the transaction actually followed the Bai’ ‘inah contract, which is a controversial contract among the shariah scholars. Likewise, commodity Murabahah is also a different contract than Murabahah, as it actually refers to tawarruq. As such, this research finding is important to the Islamic banking industry to understand that Malaysia has moved away from the Bai’ ‘inah contract practised in the name of BBA in Islamic house financing, and there are new products introduced by the Islamic banks in Malaysia to replace this practice which were criticised by Shariah scholars.

Amateurism, scientific control, and crime: historical fluctuations in anti-doping discourses in sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Ian Ritchie ◽  
Kathryn Henne
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the institutional mechanisms for combating doping in high-level sport, including the trend toward using legalistic frameworks, and how they contribute to notions of deviance. Design/methodology/approach A historical approach informed by recent criminological adaptations of genealogy was utilized, using primary and secondary sources. Findings Three time periods involving distinct frameworks for combating doping were identified, each with their own advantages and limitations: pre-1967, post-1967 up until the creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency in 1999, and post-1999. Originality/value This study contextualizes the recent legalistic turn toward combating doping in sport, bringing greater understanding to the limitations of present anti-doping practices.

Director workloads, attendance and firm performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gray ◽  
John Nowland
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inside Directors

Purpose This paper examines whether increased director workloads are benefiting firms or are causing directors to become too busy, resulting in lower director attendance and weaker firm performance. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts empirical analysis of the relationships between meeting frequency, director attendance rates and firm performance using archival data from Australia. Findings Attendance rates for both outside and inside directors decrease as they are required to attend more meetings. The benefits firms obtain from holding additional meetings are significantly eroded by lower director attendance. Originality/value This study brings together the literatures on meeting frequency, director busyness and firm performance to show that increased director workloads are only beneficial to firms if directors do not become too busy to fulfill their obligations to shareholders.

Representative and responsive bureaucracy in Nepal: a mismatch or a realistic assumption?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Jamil ◽  
Hasan Muhammad Baniamin
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Realistic Assumption ◽  
The Government ◽  
Factual Data

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate, firstly, to what extent has Nepal’s bureaucracy become representative in terms of reflecting the country’s demographic composition, and secondly, has the bureaucracy become more responsive to citizens since the implementation of a quota policy in 2007.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on factual and perceptual data in analysis. In order to analyze and interpret representative bureaucracy, this paper adopts factual data derived from the secondary sources, especially data generated by the Government of Nepal. Second, the perceptual set of data was collected through two rounds (2008, 2014) of a country-representative survey in Nepal.FindingsThe findings suggest that in terms of representativeness, the bureaucracy is still dominated by high-caste Hindus, while other ethnic communities, except the Newars, are utterly under-represented. Surprisingly, Dalits are represented in higher posts as per their percentage in the population, but they are still underrepresented in the civil service in general. Women’s representation has also increased through participation in the civil service, but they still mostly hold junior or non-gazetted posts. Citizens’ evaluations regarding responsiveness and processes of service provision are also mixed.Originality/valueThis paper is a unique attempt to understand the aspects of representativeness and responsiveness in relation to Nepalese Civil Service.

Revisiting perspectives on George Homans: correcting misconceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Muldoon ◽  
Eric W. Liguori ◽  
Josh Bendickson ◽  
Antonina Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work First ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Purpose This paper aims to correct some misconceptions about George Homans. Specifically, it clarifies the relationship between Homans and Malinowski, explains why Homans is rightfully considered the father of social exchange, shows Homans’ perspective on altruism and self-interest and analyses Homans’ place in management’s complex history. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper which synthesizes both primary and secondary sources on Homans, social exchange theory (SET), Malinowski and other Homans’ contemporaries and theories, which, in aggregate, help dispel some common misconceptions in the literature today. Findings This paper disperses several common misconceptions about Homans and his work. First, the findings show that beliefs that Homans was unaware of Malinowski are not justified, as Homans was not only aware of Malinowski but also significantly influenced by Malinowski’s work. Second, this manuscript clarifies that while Homans, for specific reasons, focussed on self-interest, his work accounted for altruism. Lastly, this paper also further cements Homans’ place in history as the father of social exchange. Originality/value Recent misconceptions have emerged in the literature calling to question not only Homans’ legitimacy as the father of social exchange but also some of his views on the theory itself. By clarifying these misconceptions, this paper enables scholars from a variety of management fields to better understand historical foundations of SET and its impact on current research.

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