The influences of cultural values on the cultural product trade: evidence from China, Japan and Korea

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Zhou ◽  
Zhibin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Singh Index ◽  
Cultural Similarity

Purpose International trade flows of cultural goods have grown noticeably in the past few decades and the development of cultural products trade has been an important issue in the international business field. Therefore, this study aims to explore how per capita gross domestic product, distance, culture, Internet penetration and other factors affect the trade of cultural products. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on the international trade in cultural goods of China, Japan and Korea with other countries. To analyze the essential reason, the study has applied the classical gravity model along with variables, which mainly represent global connectedness to investigate which variables have the most impact on trade in cultural products. Findings The result shows that in terms of China, cultural similarity boosts the volume of trade volume with other countries, however, for South Korea and Japan, cultural similarity does not have a significant impact. On top of cultural similarity, individual cultural value dimension differences between countries show mixed results for each country and their directions of trade. Global connectedness, on the other hand, is not congruent with the general expectations of previous studies. Research limitations implications Due to the limited time for data collection, the research was done with a relatively small country list with a limited number of cultural good items. Second, the Kogut and Singh index is one of the most popular measures based on cultural dimension deviation. It is based on the Euclidean calculation method used by most scholars but some scholars believe that the Euclidean method has some shortcomings. Third, the authors do not actively promote robust testing after regression analysis this work would be carried out in the future. Finally, using the four basic cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede in 1980 may be another limitation. Practical implications First, the authors should further promote the establishment of the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area. The three countries should formulate special policies to favor the trade of cultural products and support the development of the cultural industry. Additionally, the three sides should also set up a joint research center to explore the issue of improving the international competitiveness of cultural products trade and find common solutions. And the three countries should further open their doors within the reasonable range, relax the restrictions on tourism and trade visas. Originality/value The analysis provides some different results as the previous papers. Distance variables show positive effect on trade which defines that long distance between countries do no matter on trade in cultural goods. Moreover, the variables of tourism receipt shows that global connectedness positively effects on trade. The cultural variables of the KS composite index show opposite result with the conventional logic which advocates that cultural dissimilarity enhances trade in cultural goods.

Cultural technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Chen
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Korean Music ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Music Film

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework for marketing cultural goods (e.g. music) to global markets by examining modes of entry and positioning strategies used by media producers of the South Korean music industry. Design/methodology/approach – An historic analysis was implemented to investigate the modalities and structures through which cultural products are produced and disseminated. Data for this study came from 314 articles collected from www.allkpop.com, a leading English-language, South Korean popular culture news site. Findings – The cultural technology framework consists of the institutionalization of cultural technology, exportation of cultural content, collaborations with local talent, and joint ventures with local markets. Research limitations/implications – The findings emerge from an analysis of South Korean popular music industries, and further research is needed to generalize the results across cultural industries. Practical implications – The cultural technology framework can be applied to cultural industries such as music, film, comics, and art, where culture and language could be barriers to adoption. Originality/value – This study outlines a framework for the modes of entry and positioning strategies of cultural goods (e.g. music) in international markets. Extant literature has examined global marketing from the purview of durable consumer goods and brands, with limited insights into cultural products. More broadly, this paper addresses the call for more qualitative inquiry into international marketing topics.

Economic freedom and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. DeBode ◽  
Dana L. Haggard ◽  
K. Stephen Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Legal Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Origins ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Freedom

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of broad cultural dimensions, as well as those of religion and legal origin, on countries’ economic freedom, i.e., trade freedom, investment freedom, business freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom, as well as a composite measure of economic freedom. Design/methodology/approach Linear regression of publicly available data regarding economic freedom (Miller et al., 2018) on cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2009), legal origin and religion (LaPorta et al., 1999) for 52 countries was performed to determine the impact of these factors on economic freedom. Findings Results indicated femininity was the cultural dimension associated with the most measures of economic freedom. Short-term-oriented cultures were predictive of greater business freedom, while more restrained cultures were associated with greater business and monetary freedoms. Higher individualism was predictive of greater monetary freedom. Catholicism positively predicted investment freedom and negatively predicted business freedom. French civil law negatively predicted labor freedom, while socialist legal origins positively predicted trade freedom, but negatively predicted business freedom. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the impacts of culture, law and religion on economic freedom. One practical implication of this research is that countries would be wise to emphasize more feminine aspects in their cultures, as these are associated with greater economic freedom. Even minor adjustments that move in the direction of cooperation and fair processes might help increase economic freedoms and the many benefits that stem from such freedoms.

Cometh self-image congruence: a cross-cultural study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Tung Shu ◽  
Stephen Strombeck
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Image Congruence ◽  
Asian Consumers ◽  
Cultural Similarity

Purpose Prior research has clearly shown that ethnocentric consumers favor local brands. However, consumers also strongly favor local and global brands which reinforce their desired self-images. The purpose of this paper is to examine how self-image congruence (SIC) mediates the effect of consumer ethnocentrism (CE) on local brand preference (LBP). Design/methodology/approach This study empirically tested the proposed mediation model across three countries (Taiwan, South Korea and Japan) using ten brands from two very different product categories (beer and personal computers). Research subjects were randomly selected and placed into one of four groups for each of these countries. Subjects in these groups were asked to compare well-known domestic and global brands which were either culturally similar or culturally dissimilar. Findings CE significantly impacted LBP among Taiwan, South Korea and Japan college-aged consumers but this impact was limited. SIC, however, had a powerful influence on LBP for these consumers. The cultural similarity and relative necessity of brand choices had almost no effect on the results. Research limitations/implications Researchers and practitioners need to more fully understand the contingencies Asian consumers use in selecting local brands. Under some scenarios, CE may not be a reliable predictor of local brands preference. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the influential role of SIC among consumers from collectivistic cultures.

Social power and leadership in cross-cultural context

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Mittal ◽  
Steven M. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the exercise of power by leaders is impacted by cultural factors. The authors present a conceptual framework to examine the interaction of various cultural dimensions with harsh and soft power bases, thereby delineating the cross-cultural appropriateness of various power bases that may be tapped by organizational leaders. Design/methodology/approach – Compatibility of each cultural dimension with harsh of soft power bases is conceptually examined, in the context of Raven’s power interaction model of interpersonal influence. Findings – Soft power bases are more likely to be activated by managers in cultures that are collectivist, loose, long-term oriented, but low on power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Harsh power bases are expected to be chosen for influencing subordinates in cultures that are tight, short-term oriented, and high in power distance. Research limitations/implications – This is only an initial attempt to look at the exercise of social power in the context of societal culture. The framework can be extrapolated to a more fine-grained examination of the phenomenon. Practical implication – The conceptualization has potential implications for developing training programs aimed at improving managers’ cross-cultural competencies. Originality/value – Using a cross-cultural lens to examine how a leader exercises power contributes to a holistic view of power and culture. A cross-cultural extension of the power/interaction model, as suggested by the authors, adds value to the field of management development thinking and practice.

Children’s dominance in family vacation decision-making (FVDM): a multi-national analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chih Chiang ◽  
Che-Jen Su ◽  
Hsin-Hsing Liao ◽  
Monica Chaudhary ◽  
Yi-Fang Lan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parent Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Family Vacation

Purpose This paper aims to explore adolescents’ perceptions of child-parent dominance in family vacation decision-making (FVDM) by investigating child-parent relative influence (CPRI) and responsibility-sharing (RS) within the family in regard to 15 vacation issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts Davis and Rigaux’s (1974) framework for identifying adolescents’ perceptions of child-parent dominance across a set of subjects concerning FVDM, by inspecting the distribution of family decision roles across 25 nations. This study then segments the issues regarding family vacations and nations, judging by CPRI and RS within the family. In addition, this paper introduces Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and diverse indices of development for each surveyed nation and compares their respective correlations with CPRI and RS at the national level. Findings The results, derived from data collected in 25 countries or territories, illustrate a climate of a parent-dominant-to-autonomous style of FVDM for all decision issues and all nations. Overall, both information availability and economizing attribute of issues are related to the democratization of FVDM. The relationship between the child-parent role distribution and national clusters varied across issue clusters. In addition, the paper found the national effectiveness more effective than the cultural dimension in explaining the dispersal of CPRI-RS profiles. Originality/value The data collected from 25 nations provide strong evidence for profiling child-parent dominance in FVDM. The data also serve as a basis for analyzing the role of sociocultural and ideological influences on child-parent dominance in FVDM, which was not established in previous research.

Culture and entrepreneurial intentions of Madagascan ethnic groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban ◽  
Fenosoa A Ratsimanetrimanana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Perceived Desirability

Purpose – This paper aims to delve deeper into understanding to what extent does culture influence entrepreneurship by connecting the causal chain from cultural values to perceived desirability to entrepreneurial intention (EI). Cultural values form a central part of entrepreneurial discourse and have accordingly been the subject of several studies relating to EIs. Design/methodology/approach – The study takes place in an under-researched country, Madagascar, where instead of focussing on national culture a more nuanced approach is taken by studying several fine-grained groupings of culture at the ethnic level. Based on a survey, 2,220 responses are statistically analysed according to the three main ethnic groups in Madagascar. Findings – In terms of hypotheses testing, findings show that cultural dimensions influence the relationship between perceived desirability and EI only for the highlander ethnic group. Differences between the ethnic groups are also observed in terms of the indulgence-restraint cultural dimension. Practical implications – When encouraging entrepreneurship in Madagascar policymakers should take cognisance of the complexity of cultural factors among ethnic groups and the interrelationship between perceived desirability and intentions. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies to measure cultural values in Madagascar and include the indulgence-restraint cultural dimension. The study takes place in a multicultural, non-Western and predominantly necessity-based entrepreneurship context, where understanding the role that culture plays in shaping intentions can prove to be valuable.

The impact of cultural dimensions on customer complaint behaviours: an exploratory study in Antalya/Manavgat tourism region

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gözde Seval Ergün ◽  
Olgun Kitapci
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Customer Complaint ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The study was carried out to better understand the behaviour of tourists from different cultures and backgrounds, and to provide strategic solutions for tourism managers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and customer complaint behaviours. Design/methodology/approach Exploratory factor analyses were carried out separately for national culture and complaint behaviour scales and the factor structuring was then tested using a confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test theoretical correlations and a conceptual model was created to put forward the correlations between national cultural dimensions and complaint behaviours, as well as to examine the impact of variation in one dimension on the other. Findings Significant correlations were observed between power distance and both public action and no action behaviours, uncertainty avoidance and public action and private action, as well as individualism/collectivism and public action. Research limitations/implications The sample population of the study included foreign tourists visiting Manavgat district in 2015. Manavgat as a destination is preferred by foreign tourists, rather than domestic tourists. In addition, many accommodations in the region only host guests from particular nationalities. For this reason, domestic tourists were not included in the survey. A limitation of the research is the fact that it focused only on hotel management. Extending the scope of the study in future research—the study could be carried out for a wider area and include other sectors—would increase the effectiveness of the study. Practical implications The results shed light on the fact that customers perform different complaint behaviours depending on variation in national cultural dimensions. In this context, the findings contribute to the hotel management literature and to the development of management strategies such as staff training, effective complaint solution methods, increasing customer complaints, using indirect resources effectively and decreasing the cost of solutions. The research also aims to create awareness in hotel managers by highlighting the importance of this issue. Originality/value In many of the studies where customer complaint behaviour and culture are analysed together, culture is regarded primarily as a geographical region, or as ethnical origin. Using Hofstede’s national cultural dimension scale, and taking into consideration all the national cultural dimensions, adds originality to this research. This study is one of the first to explore the impact of cultural dimensions on customer complaint behaviours in Turkey. This is also one of the first studies on complaint behaviour in the hotel industry.

Trump may trigger Central American trade opportunities

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Central America ◽  
Central American ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
To Come ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
American Trade

Subject Outlook for Central American trade. Significance The election of Donald Trump as the next US president has created uncertainty over the outlook for trade in Central America. However, the region is open to international trade, and a recent trade deal with South Korea illustrates its attractions as a partner. Impacts The trade accord with South Korea is likely to come into force over the coming year. Increased US protectionism would be felt in Central America. Other Asian countries could show growing interest in negotiating trade deals with Central American countries.

Perceptions and effects of cross-national corporate reputation

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Swoboda ◽  
Johannes Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Consumer Surveys

Purpose Few scholars have analysed the corporate reputation (CR) of multinational corporations (MNCs) internationally, but both CR perception and effect are likely to differ across nations. Most studies have compared a few countries, linked differences to selected dimensions of Hofstede’s cultural approach, and reported ambiguous results. The purpose of this paper is to address the important role of all Hofstede’s cultural dimensions that may influence CR perceptions and effects by applying an appropriate method. Design/methodology/approach By integrating signalling theory and each cultural dimension, hypotheses are proposed and tested using consumer surveys of a German MNC in 37 countries. Multilevel structural equation modelling (SEM) showed whether and how all cultural value dimensions – the predominant approach in marketing – affect CR perceptions and effects. Findings Individual CR perceptions and effects are strongly attributable to national culture, which explains up to 62 per cent of country-level variance; however, the explanatory powers of the cultural dimensions differ between CR perceptions and effects. Not all dimensions affect both. The results are stable in alternative models. Research limitations/implications The results enhance extant research because the relative importance of Hofstede’s dimensions and not only a possible role in country comparisons is shown. Hofstede’s approach explains considerable country-level variances. MNCs learn which cultural dimensions are core antecedents of CR perceptions (individualism and power distance explain >30 per cent variance) and core moderators of CR effects on loyalty (masculinity, individualism and uncertainty avoidance). Originality/value This study provides novel insights into the role of national cultural differences on CR perceptions and CR effects using the still novel multilevel SEM.

The effect of corruption and culture on corporate social performance: an empirical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kwame Agyei-Mensah ◽  
Samuel Buertey
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Social

PurposeThe study aims to examine the simultaneous influence of corruption and culture on corporate social and environmental performance of selected companies.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical propositions on how corruption and culture influence corporate social responsibility performance were developed and empirically tested. Corruption is measured using Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index and Schwartz (2008) cultural dimension is used as a measure of culture. Descriptive analysis was performed to provide the background statistics of the variables examined. This was followed by regression analysis which forms the main data analysis.FindingsThe multiple regression analysis results indicated that corruption and two of the three cultural dimensions (embeddedness and Mastery) are significantly related to corporate social responsibility performance.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the corporate social responsibility literature by revealing that corruption and culture are key determinants of corporate social responsibility performance.

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