Fostering sustainable businesses: understanding sustainability-driven entrepreneurial intention among university students in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrees Waris ◽  
Waseem Barkat ◽  
Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Irfan Hameed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth Population

Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to predict sustainability-driven entrepreneurship intention among university students in the developing market (Pakistan). Design/methodology/approach The target population of this study was university students in Pakistan. According to UNDP (2017) report, Pakistan has the largest youth population. More than 64% of the total population (210 million) is below 30 years of age. If trained properly, this huge chunk of the population could become a source of intellectual capital for the development of the nation. The quota based on age sampling technique was used to collect the data from university students in Karachi because more than 64% of the Pakistan population is below 30 years of age. Findings The findings reveal that university entrepreneurial support has a strong influence on attitude toward sustainable entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications The role of university entrepreneurial support, environmental concern and students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy are vital factors in sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. This study enriches the literature of green entrepreneurship helping to understand university students’ intention for sustainable entrepreneurship. The outcome of this study would help strategists and environmental academicians to guide university students regarding the launch of sustainable ventures. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore the effects of environmental concern on entrepreneurial intention among university students in the context of a developing country – Pakistan.

Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 843-861
Author(s):  
Aamir Hassan ◽  
Imran Saleem ◽  
Imran Anwar ◽  
Syed Abid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students. This paper also examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education and gender on the opportunity recognition–intention and self-efficacy–intention relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through a comprehensive questionnaire from 334 students having business and management background. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to ensure the reliability and validity of all the constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThis study unveils three important findings. First, opportunity recognition and self-efficacy both show a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial intention of students. Second, education positively moderates “self-efficacy–intention relationship”, and third, gender negatively moderates “opportunity recognition–intention” and “self-efficacy–intention” relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has been carried out using a sample of students from only one university, and the study included only business and management background students. Similar studies can be conducted by adding more motivational and contextual factors with an increased sample size of students having different educational backgrounds.Practical implicationsThis study provides pragmatic support to formulate new educational initiatives that can support students in their present or future entrepreneurial projects.Originality/valueThis study adds to the scarce literature on opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial intention and also highlights the moderating role of entrepreneurship education and gender on opportunity recognition–intention and entrepreneurial self-efficacy–intention relationships.

Drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students: an integrated model from a developing world context

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-680
Author(s):  
Agu Godswill Agu ◽  
Okwuagwu Okuu Kalu ◽  
Chidadi Obinna Esi-Ubani ◽  
Paul Chinedu Agu
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Event Model

Purpose The purpose of this study is to integrate and extend two models of entrepreneurial intention to investigate the drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intention among intermediate undergraduate university students in Nigeria. Specifically, this paper aims to introduce education for sustainable entrepreneurship into the integrated model, thereby fitting the model into the context of sustainable entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered with the help of a structured questionnaire from 435 students of a university in Nigeria. The students passed through a special entrepreneurship training in which they were educated on the concept and practice of sustainable entrepreneurship. SmartPLS was used to test the proposed structural model. Findings The findings revealed that education for sustainable entrepreneurship significantly influences all variables of the integrated model, but has nonsignificant direct influence on sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Sustainable entrepreneurial intention is significantly driven by attitude and propensity to act. Therefore, the inclusion of education for sustainable entrepreneurship into the regression equation adds to its explanatory power. Originality/value This study contributes toward understanding of sustainable entrepreneurial intention of intermediate university students in a developing world context – Nigeria. Above all, it is among the few studies that shed light on the strength of education for sustainable entrepreneurship in the formation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention among students. This study proposes integration and extension (by adding education for sustainable entrepreneurship) of the theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurial event model in learning about students’ intentions to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Linking Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Serial Mediation Model Involving Broader and Specific Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Shumaila Naz ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Umer Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Innovation Dynamics

Entrepreneurial intention (EI) has been widely cited as one of the foremost predecessors of entrepreneurship which fosters business opportunities to minimize the dependence on employment. Since it is worth noticing how one’s EI is formed; therefore, the prime purpose of this paper is to estimate the underlying concepts of proactive personality (PP) in establishing potential entrepreneurs’ EI through the mediating role of both specific self-efficacy and broader self-efficacy. This research investigates the parallel mediation and the role of mediators in the form of a series between PP and EI via broader self-efficacy and specific self-efficacy. The extant research employed a quantitative methodology by using a self-administered questionnaire technique. Data were collected using the cluster sampling technique from a sample size of 700 respondents in the higher education sector. To test the measurement and structural modeling, the PLS-SEM technique was deployed using Smart PLS 2.0 M3 software. Regarding the direct relationships, findings infer that PP is positively associated with three broader forms of self-efficacy, which determine specific self-efficacy. Findings indicated that broader forms of self-efficacy and specific self-efficacy play the role of the serial mediators in the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions. The research carries important implications for the university policymakers in Pakistan to develop their self-reliant “business incubation centers”, initiate experiential learning-based projects, improvise competency-based curriculum, design innovative projection techniques, and follow open innovation dynamics to establish an entrepreneurial culture.

Intention towards social entrepreneurship of university students in an emerging economy: the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-151
Author(s):  
H.M. Kamrul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Support

Purpose Entrepreneurial intention plays a crucial role in the research and application of social entrepreneurship (SE). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the factors affecting students’ intention towards social entrepreneurship (ISE). The study has taken entrepreneurial self-efficacy, along with entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial network and perceived university support that have an impact on intentions, which instills interest amongst students in being future entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach Data were primarily taken from a survey of 380 university students from public and private universities in Chattogram, the business capital of Bangladesh. Students were preliminarily selected, focussing on different profiles such as male/female, age, socio-economic status, education level, university status and employment level. Initially, using factor analysis factors were analyzed and later multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationship with ISE. Findings The study on the student reveals that four aspects significantly impacted the preference of students’ ISE. This study reinforces the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, along with entrepreneurial education, as the factors contributing to aid young graduates recognizing and fostering an ISE. Entrepreneurial networks and perceived university support were found to have no association with social entrepreneurial intentions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of the factors and provides a basis for explaining factors that affect the intention of students towards SE. It can contribute to future research related to social entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, it was concluded that forming social entrepreneurial intention is highly influenced by entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education.

Entrepreneurial intentions: the relevance of nature and nurture

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farrukh ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Rizwana Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nature And Nurture

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of nature and nurture in students’ entrepreneurial intention (EIs). In doing so, the study examines the relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure (2D:4D), risk-taking propensity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and EIs. Moreover, the moderating role of entrepreneurial education between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and EI is also investigated.Design/methodology/approachIn line with previous studies on EI, the authors tested hypotheses based on quantitative data obtained from university students.FindingsData were analyzed with the help of the structural equation modeling technique, and the results revealed that all the hypothesized relationships were supported.Originality/valueThe field of entrepreneurship has become an attractive area of research for practitioners and academics. One tinted area of research in entrepreneurship is the investigation of EI because it is a good predictor of entrepreneurial behavior. Several antecedents of EIs have been recognized in the literature ranging from personality traits to environmental factors. However, less is known about the role of biology in entrepreneurship. Incorporating biological factors in the field of entrepreneurship appears to be theoretically viable and sound. Thus, this study investigates the effect of biological factors in the presence of psychological factors on EIs, which is a unique contribution to the literature on entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY AND SOCIAL NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde A. Ojewumi ◽  
Damilare A. Fagbenro
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out to examine the role of self-efficacy and social networks on entrepreneurial intention among polytechnic students in Ile - Ife Osun state, Nigeria. Theory of Reasoned action was used as a theoretical framework for this study. A survey design was adopted. The data for this study was collected in 2018 via a purposive sampling technique, where 240 students (81 females and 159 males) with age range of 21–35 years (M = 23.61, SD = 2.63) were selected from one polytechnic. Inferential statistics (t-test for independent measure) was used to test the hypotheses in this study. Result showed that there was significant difference between entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic students with low self-efficacy and high self-efficacy. There was significant difference between entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic students with low social network and high social network. Therefore, to improve entrepreneurial intention among polytechnic students, psychologists should organize psycho-educational interventions aim at increasing self-efficacy and social networks of polytechnic students.

Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions in sustainable entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maija Vuorio ◽  
Kaisu Puumalainen ◽  
Katharina Fellnhofer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities

Purpose The role of entrepreneurship has changed to include issues beyond economic growth. This has turned attention toward the drivers of entrepreneurial intentions across entrepreneurship types, particularly in sustainable entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of entrepreneurial intentions in sustainable entrepreneurship. In particular, the paper aims to extend the existing intention models to include work values and attitudes toward sustainability, thereby bringing the model into the context of sustainable entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative research design, data were collected in three European countries through anonymous questionnaires. The data consist of responses from 393 university students. Findings The results show that attitude toward sustainability and perceived entrepreneurial desirability enhance sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, adding sustainability into the regression equation adds explanation power, hence suggesting that the theory of planned behavior needs to be adapted when applied to sustainable entrepreneurship. Attitudes toward sustainability are positively impacted by altruism, while perceived entrepreneurial desirability is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on one particular type of entrepreneurship and one particular age group. Originality/value The paper contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by applying the entrepreneurial intention model to sustainable entrepreneurship. The results imply that it may be the time to consider the variance in entrepreneurial opportunities in intention models as well as the need to address the conflict between work values. The results show that sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions are driven by attitudes toward sustainability and perceived entrepreneurial desirability. These two attitudes are driven by altruism and extrinsic rewards, and, especially, extrinsic reward plays an opposite role in both drivers of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions.

Exploring entrepreneurial intention’s mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and nascent behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M.K. Mwiya ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Bernadette Kaulungombe ◽  
Maidah Kayekesi
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Public University ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Start Up

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention (EI) in relation to the influence of the five dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on nascent behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on a quantitative approach where primary data were collected from 294 final year undergraduate students at a public university in Zambia. The data were examined by using correlation, logistic regression and mediation analyses.FindingsThe findings indicate that each of the five dimensions of ESE is positively and significantly related with EI. Additionally, each of the ESE dimensions, except the financial aspect, is positively correlated with nascent behaviour. Finally, the results show that the influence of ESE dimensions on nascent behaviour is significantly mediated by intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe study took place in a public university in Zambia; more universities could be involved to improve the generalisability of the study conclusions.Practical implicationsThe study shows that the five ESE dimensions positively influence not only business start-up intention but also nascent behaviour. To motivate graduates’ involvement in business start-up, there is a need to tailor training and practical pedagogical approaches on entrepreneurship that are focussed on developing the five ESE dimensions.Originality/valueThis paper extends an emerging body of knowledge which has not been fully investigated in terms of the mediating role of intention on the relationships between dimensions of ESE and nascent behaviour. The study also makes a valuable contribution to the under-researched context of Zambia and African entrepreneurship.

University entrepreneurship: how to trigger entrepreneurial intent of undergraduate students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-950
Author(s):  
Paola Isabel Rodríguez Gutiérrez ◽  
María del Pilar Pastor Pérez ◽  
Patricia Esther Alonso Galicia
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the elements and relationships that explain the entrepreneurial intent in university students, evaluating possible gender and degree differences. Design/methodology/approach The study is of quantitative approach, survey research design and cross-sectional method. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire answered by undergraduate university students enrolled in a public university. The sampling was stratified random, with a representative sample size of 734 cases. For data analysis and hypothesis testing, a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were made. Findings The results show that the entrepreneurial self-efficacy attribute largely explains the entrepreneurial intent, while all other variables, such as entrepreneurial identity aspirations and outcome expectations, play a less important role but maintain some influence. Research limitations/implications According to the findings of this research, institutions of higher education should direct efforts to improve the entrepreneurial skills of students, especially for women. And the creation of an institutional entrepreneurial culture should also be emphasized so that the university students are able to build an entrepreneurial identity. Originality/value The value of the research is the proposed integrative model that explains how to trigger entrepreneurial intent, shows the prominent role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a predictor variable of entrepreneurial intent and the role of entrepreneur identity aspirations and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as mediating variables. Additionally, this research identifies differences in the model of entrepreneurial intent derived from the variables of gender and degrees.

The role of extracurricular activities in shaping university students' employment self-efficacy perceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kanar ◽  
Dave Bouckenooghe
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe present study aimed to understand how participation in university extracurricular activities has a beneficial or detrimental impact on students’ employment self-efficacy through the intervening mechanism of information search strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from active job-searching university students across two time-points and hypothesized that the breadth of extracurricular activity participation would positively impact employment self-efficacy perceptions and information search strategies (focused, exploratory and haphazard) would mediate this relationship.FindingsResults indicate that the breadth of students' participation in extracurricular activities was positively associated with employment self-efficacy perceptions, and this relationship was mediated by focused and exploratory information-search strategies. Extracurricular activities exhibited a negative relationship with a haphazard search strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThis research extends the understanding of the role of participation in extracurricular activities for influencing a job search. Future research may replicate these findings with different samples of job seekers.Practical implicationsExtracurricular activities are typically offered at universities as a way for students to develop skills and to improve employers' perceptions of students. The present results suggest that participating in extracurricular activities may also help university students to effectively conduct a self-directed job search.Originality/valueWe examined the role of extracurricular activities from the applicant's perspective, extending prior research examining extracurricular activities from the employer's perspective. The present results suggest that extracurricular activities play an important role in shaping the job search process of university students by influencing students' confidence for finding employment. Information search strategies mediated the effects of extracurricular activities on employment self-efficacy perceptions, suggesting that participating in extracurricular activities changed the way that applicants searched for jobs.

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