An Approximate Symmetry Clock Tree Design with Routing Topology Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Zhiye Zhang ◽  
Jiabao Wen ◽  
Yunpeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Symmetry ◽  
Clock Tree ◽  
Topology Prediction

Layout-Driven Skewed Clock Tree Synthesis for Superconducting SFQ Circuits

2011 ◽  
Vol E94-C (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi TAKAGI ◽  
Yuki ITO ◽  
Shota TAKESHIMA ◽  
Masamitsu TANAKA ◽  
Naofumi TAKAGI
Keyword(s):  
Clock Tree ◽  
Clock Tree Synthesis ◽  
Tree Synthesis

Diagnose Compound Hold Time Faults Caused by Spot Delay Defects at Clock Tree

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Wu-Tung Cheng ◽  
Ting-Pu Tai ◽  
Liyang Lai ◽  
Ruifeng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Clock Tree ◽  
Scan Testing ◽  
Design Error ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
Scan Chains ◽  
Delay Defects

Abstract If a signal on clock tree is slower than expected due to either a design error or a manufacturing defect, it may cause complicated fault behaviors during scan-based testing. It makes the diagnosis of such defect especially difficult if the defective clock signal is used for both shift and capture operations during the scan testing, because (1) the defect induces hold time faults on scan chains during shift cycles, and (2) hold-time faults may also be introduced during capture cycles in the functional logic paths. In this paper we illustrate the failure behaviors of such clock defects and propose an algorithm to diagnose it.

Designing an Outer Membrane Protein (Omp-W) Based Vaccine for Immunization against Vibrio and Salmonella: An in silico Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324
Author(s):  
Sadra S. Tehrani ◽  
Abolfazl Jahangiri ◽  
Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh ◽  
Hossein Maghsoudi ◽  
Saeed Khalili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Barrel ◽  
The World ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Topology Prediction

Background: Cholera triggered by Vibrio cholerae remains the main reason for morbidity and mortality all over the world. In addition, salmonellosis is regarded as an infectious disease that makes it essential for the identification and detection of Salmonella. With a beta-barrel structure consisting of eight non-parallel beta strands, OmpW family is widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, OmpW isolated from S. typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae can be used in vaccine design. Methods: Topology prediction was determined. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were selected from exposed areas, and sequence conservancy was evaluated. The remaining loops and inaccessible residues were removed to prepare OmpW-1. High antigenicity peptides were detected to replace inappropriate residues to obtain OmpW-2. Physicochemical properties were assessed, and antigenicity, hydrophobicity, flexibility, and accessibility were compared to the native Omp-W structure. Low score areas were removed from the designed structure for preparing the OmpW-3. To construct OmpW-4, TTFrC was used as T-CD4+ cell-stimulating factor and CTB as adjuvant to the end of the C-terminal of this sequence, which can increase the antigenicity and sequence density. The sequences were re-analyzed to delete the unfavorable residues. Besides, the solubility of the mature OmpW and the designed structure were predicted while overexpressed in E. coli. Results: The designed vaccine is a stable protein which has immune cells recognizing epitopes and is considered as an antigen. The construct can be overexpressed in a E. coli. Conclusion: The multi-epitope vaccine is a suitable stimulator for immune system and would be a candidate for experimental research. Recent patents describing numerous inventions related to the clinical facets of vaccine peptide against human infectious disease.

A synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in C-type rare earth oxides

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Maslen ◽  
V. A. Streltsov ◽  
N. Ishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Approximate Symmetry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Deformation Electron Density ◽  
Synthetic Crystals

Structure factors for small synthetic crystals of the C-type rare earth (RE) sesquioxides Y2O3, Dy2O3 and Ho2O3 were measured with focused λ = 0.7000 (2) Å, synchrotron X-radiation, and for Ho2O3 were re-measured with an MoKα (λ = 0.71073 Å) source. Approximate symmetry in the deformation electron density (Δρ) around a RE atom with pseudo-octahedral O coordination matches the cation geometry. Interactions between heavy metal atoms have a pronounced effect on the Δρ map. The electron-density symmetry around a second RE atom is also perturbed significantly by cation–anion interactions. The compounds magnetic properties reflect this complexity. Space group Ia{\bar 3}, cubic, Z = 16, T = 293 K: Y2O3, Mr = 225.82, a = 10.5981 (7) Å, V = 1190.4 (2) Å3, Dx = 5.040 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 37.01 mm−1, F(000) = 1632, R = 0.067, wR = 0.067, S = 9.0 (2) for 1098 unique reflections; Dy2O3, Mr = 373.00, a = 10.6706 (7) Å, V = 1215.0 (2) Å3, Dx = 8.156 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 44.84 mm−1, F(000) = 2496, R = 0.056, wR = 0.051, S = 7.5 (2) for 1113 unique reflections; Ho2O3, Mr = 377.86, a = 10.606 (2) Å, V = 1193.0 (7) Å3, Dx = 8.415 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 48.51 mm−1 F(000) = 2528, R = 0.072, wR = 0.045, S = 9.2 (2) for 1098 unique reflections of the synchrotron data set.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document