Materializing Strategy in Mundane Tools: the Key to Coupling Global Strategy and Local Strategy Practice?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Arnaud ◽  
Colleen E. Mills ◽  
Céline Legrand ◽  
Eric Maton
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Local Strategy

scholarly journals The strategy of demagoguery in Donald Trump’s thankful speech

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Specific Strategy ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
National Convention ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is focused on identifying local and speech strategies (tactics) that are subjected to the global strategy of demagoguery in American political discourse. The article concerns analysis of the definitions and synonyms of the term demagoguery. Such analysis confirmed the appropriateness of considering demagoguery as a specific strategy of political discourse. The results of the research ascertain that the term demagoguery is perceived differently in Ukrainian and English linguistic cultures. Ukrainians perceive demagoguery as a tool for deceiving and manipulation, while Englishmen think of it as of a method of leading a political game and broadening the voter base. The recipients of demagoguery in Ukrainian linguistic culture are uneducated groups of people, while in English linguistic culture the recipient is the people as a whole. Demagoguery as a specific strategy of political discourse is mainly used to influence the electorate through appealing to the feelings, instincts, and prejudices and through forming required political views and preferences. The analysis of the American sociologists’ works enabled us to identify the main features of demagoguery. They are the following: the focus on broadening the audience, using propaganda for manipulating the masses and entertaining character. Analysis of empirical evidence, Donald Trump's thankful speech, which was given at the Republican national convention in 2016, allows us to single out local strategies of demagoguery. The local strategies of demagoguery, which are typical for American political discourse, are the following: populism, manipulation, subjectivation, fascination, and information simplification. Moreover, the article identifies and describes speech tactics that are typical for each local strategy. Among them, there are tactics of empty promises, lies, accusing, ridicule, using slogans, vulgarization, intimidation, and a tactic of finding a scapegoat. The research also concerns analysis of the linguistic means used for the realization of every local strategy and speech tactic. The most frequently used linguistic means are usage of expressive language with positive and negative meaning, repetition, anthroponomy, and subjectivation.

TWO LOCAL STRATEGY ITERATION SCHEMES FOR PARITY GAME SOLVING

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER FRIEDMANN ◽  
MARTIN LANGE
Keyword(s):  
Model Checking ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Fractional Part ◽  
Program Synthesis ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Local Algorithm ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Parity Games ◽  
Satisfiability Checking

The problem of solving a parity game is at the core of many problems in model checking, satisfiability checking and program synthesis. Some of the best algorithms for solving parity game are strategy iteration algorithms. These are global in nature since they require the entire parity game to be present at the beginning. This is a distinct disadvantage because in many applications one only needs to know which winning region a particular node belongs to, and a witnessing winning strategy may cover only a fractional part of the entire game graph. We present two local strategy iteration algorithms which explore the game graph on-the-fly whilst performing the improvement steps. We also compare them empirically with existing global strategy iteration algorithms and the currently only other local algorithm for solving parity games. It turns out that local strategy iteration can outperform these others significantly.

scholarly journals TARNISHING THE IMAGE OF A POLITICAL OPPONENT AS A COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S TWITTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Meleshchenko O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Rhetorical Features ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
Rational Reasoning ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose. At present when modern political leaders use the Internet service Twitter for strategic purposes, analysis of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a communicative strategy becomes especially important. The aim of this article is to reveal cognitive (motivational and intentional), stylistic and rhetorical features of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent in Donald Trump’s twitting.Methods. This research is based on the inferential, definitional, and stylistic-rhetorical analyses.Results. The study analyzes the concepts of image, communicative strategy, and rhetorical technique. It makes a case for the negative evaluation as the key characteristic of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent. The analysis of the strategic organization of Trump’s Twitter-based Internet discourse has determined the strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent as a local one. This local strategy is subordinate to the global strategy of Trump’s twitting that aims to exert communicative influence in order to seize and retain political power. Within this local strategy, I further specify the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are differentiated according to the type of the evaluation they rest on. The disqualification sub-strategy is based on the negative teleological evaluation of a political opponent, which highlights the incompatibility of his/her business, professional, and intellectual features with the image of the ideal politician. The discrediting sub-strategy is rooted in the negative ethical evaluation of a political opponent as being incompatible with the image of the ideal politician according to his/her moral/ethical features. The discrimination sub-strategy is based on the negative normative evaluation of a political opponent as belonging to a negatively assessed socio-political category, which indicates that he/she does not qualify for the ideal politician. These sub-strategies are implemented by the rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee, which are differentiated according to the influence on different spheres of the human psyche they impact on: argumentation (the sphere of rational reasoning), declaration, and emotive contagion (emotions and feelings), and instruction (volition).Conclusions. The analysis of cognitive (motivational and intentional) characteristics of the communicative strategy of tarnishing the image of a political opponent allows to define it as a local one in the strategic organization of Trump’s twitting. This local strategy is realized through the sub-strategies of disqualification, discrediting, and discrimination, which are further implemented by rhetorical techniques of influencing the addressee. The analysis of the disqualification sub-strategy showed that Trump uses several rhetorical techniques simultaneously within one tweet, exerting communicative influence on different spheres of the addressee’s psyche.Key words: communicative influence, image of a politician, negative evaluation, rhetorical technique, strategic organization of discourse, Twitter. Мета. В умовах стратегічного використання інтернет-сервісу «Твітер» сучасними політичними лідерами вивчення руй-нування іміджу політичного опонента як комунікативної стратегії політичного твітінгу набуває особливого значення. Метою статті є встановлення когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) та стилістично-риторичних характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента у твітінгу Дональда Трампа.Методи. В основу методики дослідження було покладено інференційний аналіз, який доповнюється дефініційним і сти-лістично-риторичним аналізами.Результати. У межах проведеного дослідження проаналізовано поняття іміджу, комунікативної стратегії, риторичної тех-ніки, обґрунтовано негативну оцінку як ключовий параметр стратегії руйнування іміджу політичного опонента. Аналіз стра-тегічної організації інтернет-дискурсу Д. Трампа на базі твітеру дозволив визначити стратегію руйнування іміджу політичного опонента як локальну стратегію, що підкорюється глобальній стратегії усього твітінгу Д. Трампа – спричиненню комуніка-тивного впливу з метою захоплення й утримання політичної влади. У межах локальної стратегії руйнування іміджу політич-ного опонента виокремлено субстратегії дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації. Критерієм їх розмежування виступає тип оцінки. В основі субстратегії дискваліфікації лежить негативна телеологічна оцінка політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його ділові, професійні та інтелектуальні якості. Вони свідчать про невідповідність політичного опонента еталону політика за телеологічними чинниками. Субстратегія дискредитації ґрунтується на негативній етичній оцінці політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його поведінка, яка свідчить про невідповідність еталону політика за морально-етичними чинникам. Основою субстратегії дискримінації є демонстрація негативної нормативної оцінки політичного опонента, об’єктом якої є його прина-лежність до негативно оцінюваної соціально-політичної категорії, що свідчить про його невідповідність еталону політика за нормативними чинниками. Інструментом реалізації цих субстратегій виступають риторичні техніки впливу на адресата, роз-межовані за критерієм впливу на різні сфери психіки: доведення (раціональне мислення), декларування й емотивне зараження (сфера емоцій і відчуттів), спонукання (волевиявлення).Висновки. Проведений аналіз когнітивних (мотиваційно-інтенціональних) характеристик комунікативної стратегії руйну-вання іміджу політичного опонента дозволяє визначити її як локальну стратегію у стратегічній організації твітінгу Д. Трампа. Ця локальна стратегія втілюється субстратегіями дискваліфікації, дискредитації й дискримінації, які реалізуються риторични-ми техніками впливу на адресата. Аналіз субстратегії дискваліфікації показав, що Д. Трамп використовує одночасно декілька риторичних технік у межах одного твіту, справляючи комунікативний вплив на різні сфери психіки адресата.Ключові слова: імідж політика, комунікативний вплив, негативна оцінка, риторична техніка, стратегічна організація дис-курсу, твітер.

Using Only Elastic Stiffness in Nonlinear and Postbuckling Analysis of Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Yang ◽  
Anquan Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Yan ◽  
Zhilu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Stiffness Parameter ◽  
Structural Geometry ◽  
Path Tracing ◽  
Geometric Stiffness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Number Of Iterations

This paper presents a new attempt for geometric nonlinear and postbuckling analysis of structures using only elastic stiffness. This can be achieved not without reasons. Aside from a correct updating of the structural geometry in the incremental sense, there are two concerns for iterations: (i) The local strategy is that the element forces recovered in each iteration should not violate the rigid body rule, in order not to induce any fictitious forces. (ii) The global strategy is that the path-tracing scheme should be able to deal with multi critical points, such as limit and snap-back points. Both strategies will be explained via the mechanism of iterations, which seems not new, but can shed some new lights. The results obtained using only the elastic stiffness will be compared with the normal case including the geometric stiffness, with the level of approximation assessed by the general stiffness parameter (GSP). Through the study of a number of trusses, beams and shell structures, it is confirmed that the elastic stiffness alone can be used to solve the nonlinear and postbuckling responses of a wide range of structures, with only an increase in the number of iterations. This paper represents a limit application of the elastic stiffness to nonlinear structural analysis.

scholarly journals SPEECH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LOCAL STRATEGY OF SOCIAL (INTERPERSONAL) INTEGRATION IN LARRY KING TALK SHOW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
Myroslava Kiriienko
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Means

This article is devoted to the study of specific features of the speech implementation of the local strategy of social (interpersonal) integration. In Larry King talk show it is expressed by the usage of the tactics which help to attract the addressee into cooperation, assertion of group identity, appealing to common background knowledge and values, mutual expectation. The author clearly describes each of the tactics used within the researched strategy and outlines how they contribute to the course of the successful communication. The definition of the linguistic means that enable the implementation of one or another tactic in the studied talk show is also represented in this piece of work. The researcher concludes that the local strategy of social (interpersonal) integration in Larry King talk shows is aimed at demonstrating the unity of actions, thoughts, views, interests of the interviewer and the interviewee. Using the tactics that give both the addressee and the addresser an opportunity to organize the flow of their communication successfully, they achieve a positive result in the exchange of the necessary information. It should be also stated that correlation of these tactics in accordance with the global strategy of politeness is predetermined by a number of features of the talk show discоurse.

CLUSTERING AND BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACHES FOR DISCOVERING HANDWRITING STRATEGIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1233-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ZAAROUR ◽  
L. HEUTTE ◽  
PH. LERAY ◽  
J. LABICHE ◽  
B. ETER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Writing Strategies ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
One Year

The aim of this paper is to assess the evolution in writing performance amongst typical pupils in primary education. More precisely, we propose ways of discovering groups of pupils sharing the same writing strategies during their primary education and methods for the temporal modeling of these pupils' writing strategies. For this purpose, online acquisition of writing and drawing tests have been performed three times during a period of one year for the same pupils under the same experimental conditions. A first approach, based on clustering, is applied to highlight clusters on a set of dynamic primitives chosen by an expert in the field of child development psychology. Results are presented by means of a comparative study between features of each group and writing tests. An analysis of within and between-strategies migration of pupils over time is also conducted to highlight pupils who change (or fail to change) their writing strategies during this period of one year. A second approach is used to model the problem by means of a probabilistic graphical model, i.e. a bayesian network. Expert knowledge partially determines the bayesian network structure, in which the writing strategy is represented by a hidden variable whose cardinality is estimated by the results of the clustering approach. By considering that each writing test is represented by its own (local) strategy and that there exists a global strategy which deals with each local strategy, we propose a Global Hierarchical Model. The results of our hierarchical model structured using real data highlight, among others, two global strategies that correspond to normo-writer pupils and more advanced normo-writers. A longitudinal and temporal study of the evolution of the pupils in these strategies shows that these two strategies are consistent.

Motion Planning in Plant CAD Systems

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Kondo ◽  
Koichi Ohtomi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Configuration Space ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Stationary Obstacles

Abstract This paper discusses a general and efficient method for solving the motion planning problem defined as checking the existence of a collision-free path among known stationary obstacles, and also presents its application to a plant CAD system. The basic approach taken in this method is to restrict the free space referred to in path searching and to avoid executing unnecessary collision detections. The configuration space is equally quantized into cells by placing a regular grid, and two new search strategies which enumerate restricted cells are introduced for realizing this method. One is a local strategy which enumerates free space cells only along the boundary of the free space in the configuration space. Another is a global strategy which finds the outer boundary of the free space. This method has been actually implemented and has been applied to an example in a nuclear power plant.

scholarly journals Transitioning from global to local computational strategies during brain-machine interface learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Bridges ◽  
Matthew Stickle ◽  
Karen Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWhen learning to use a brain-machine interface (BMI), the brain modulates neuronal activity patterns, exploring and exploiting the state space defined by their neural manifold. Neurons directly involved in BMI control can display marked changes in their firing patterns during BMI learning. However, whether these changes extend to neurons not directly involved in BMI control remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we studied BMI learning in animals that were required to control the position of a platform with their neural signals. Animals that learned to control the platform and improved their performance in the task shifted from a global strategy, where both direct and indirect neurons modified their firing patterns, to a local strategy, where only direct neurons modified their firing rate, as animals became expert in the task. These results provide important insights into what differentiates successful and unsuccessful BMI learning and the computational mechanisms adopted by the neurons.

scholarly journals Local lockdowns outperform global lockdown on the far side of the COVID-19 epidemic curve

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (39) ◽  
pp. 24575-24580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Karatayev ◽  
Madhur Anand ◽  
Chris T. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Late Stages

In the late stages of an epidemic, infections are often sporadic and geographically distributed. Spatially structured stochastic models can capture these important features of disease dynamics, thereby allowing a broader exploration of interventions. Here we develop a stochastic model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among an interconnected group of population centers representing counties, municipalities, and districts (collectively, “counties”). The model is parameterized with demographic, epidemiological, testing, and travel data from Ontario, Canada. We explore the effects of different control strategies after the epidemic curve has been flattened. We compare a local strategy of reopening (and reclosing, as needed) schools and workplaces county by county, according to triggers for county-specific infection prevalence, to a global strategy of province-wide reopening and reclosing, according to triggers for province-wide infection prevalence. For trigger levels that result in the same number of COVID-19 cases between the two strategies, the local strategy causes significantly fewer person-days of closure, even under high intercounty travel scenarios. However, both cases and person-days lost to closure rise when county triggers are not coordinated and when testing rates vary among counties. Finally, we show that local strategies can also do better in the early epidemic stage, but only if testing rates are high and the trigger prevalence is low. Our results suggest that pandemic planning for the far side of the COVID-19 epidemic curve should consider local strategies for reopening and reclosing.

scholarly journals The far side of the COVID-19 epidemic curve: local re-openings and re-closings based on globally coordinated triggers may work best

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Karatayev ◽  
Madhur Anand ◽  
Chris T. Bauch
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Pandemic Planning ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Late Stages

AbstractIn the late stages of an epidemic, infections are often sporadic and geographically distributed. Spatially structured stochastic models can capture these important features of disease dynamics, thereby allowing a broader exploration of interventions. Here we develop a stochastic model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission amongst an interconnected group of population centres representing counties, municipalities and districts (collectively, “counties”). The model is parameterized with demographic, epidemiological, testing, and travel data from Ontario, Canada. We explore the effects of different control strategies after the epidemic curve has been flattened. We compare a local strategy of re-opening (and re-closing, as needed) schools and workplaces county-by-county according to triggers for county-specific infection prevalence, to a global strategy of province-wide re-opening and re-closing according to triggers for province-wide infection prevalence. We find that the local strategy results in a similar number coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases but significantly fewer person-days of closure, even under high inter-county travel scenarios. However, both cases and person-days lost to closure rise when county triggers are not coordinated and when testing rates vary among counties. Finally, we show that local strategies can also do better in the early epidemic stage but only if testing rates are high and the trigger prevalence is low. Our results suggest that pandemic planning for the far side of the COVID-19 epidemic curve should consider local strategies for re-opening and re-closing.

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