scholarly journals Trade‐off mitigation: a conceptual framework for understanding floral adaptation in multispecies interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuharu Ohashi ◽  
Andreas Jürgens ◽  
James D. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multispecies Interactions

scholarly journals Is the Greek debt sustainable? Analyzing three different scenarios for the forthcoming period 2018–2022

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Emmanouil M.L. Economou ◽  
Nicholas Kyriazis
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Official Data

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to estimate the development of the Greek public debt for the period 2018–2022. In order to achieve this, we analyze three different fiscal scenarios that are based on the official data available, together with our estimations that are based on a specific conceptual framework that we develop. The three scenarios are based on a different mixture of Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates and budgetary surpluses of GDP. The analysis concludes that the numerical outcome is almost the same in all three case scenarios. However, the third scenario is the best since it leads to higher growth, GDP, and less austerity measures, and thus making public debt sustainable in the long run. The third scenario also provides the best combination of the trade-off between austerity and growth. We conclude by discussing some policy measures.

A Basic Income Trilemma: Affordability, Adequacy, and the Advantages of Radically Simplified Welfare

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE MARTINELLI
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Common Objection ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAs basic income (BI) has ascended the policy agenda, so proposals have come under increasing scrutiny for their affordability and adequacy for meeting need. One common objection to BI has been that it is impossible to design a scheme that simultaneously conforms to these two criteria. In this article, I develop a conceptual framework for analysing the trade-offs that afflict BI policy design. I suggest that while the idea of a policy dilemma between affordability and adequacy does indeed afflict ‘full’ BI schemes, it is possible to design an affordable and adequate ‘partial’ BI scheme. However, this comes at the cost of (at least partly) forfeiting some key advantages that motivate interest in BI in the first place, since these only arise as a consequence of the elimination of means testing and related conditionality from the welfare system. Thus, BI proponents face a three-way trade-off in policy design between affordability, adequacy, and securing the full advantages of BI as a radical simplification of existing welfare policy. The trilemma is illustrated with reference to original microsimulation evidence for the UK, which demonstrates that at most two of the three criteria can be achieved in a single scheme.

scholarly journals Regional Disparities, Growth, and Inclusiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Floerkemeier ◽  
Nikola Spatafora ◽  
Anthony Venables
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
Policy Failures

We discuss regional disparities in economic performance and living standards. We first set out some key facts, and provide a conceptual framework to help analyze whether such disparities are efficient, or instead reflect market and/or policy failures. We examine whether policy attempts to reduce regional disparities necessarily involve a trade-off between equity and efficiency. We then investigate whether policymakers should focus on boosting the economic performance of lagging regions—or, conversely, accept the presence of regional disparities, and instead assist households in lagging regions through transfer payments, investments in education, health, and other basic services, and by facilitating out-migration.

Evaluating research in developmental disabilities: a conceptual framework for reviewing treatment outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Butler ◽  
Henry Chambers ◽  
Murray Goldstein ◽  
Susan Harris ◽  
Judy Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Treatment Outcomes

A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off

Understanding Why Older People Develop a Wish to Die

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

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