scholarly journals Interference with prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal brain development is associated with a high risk for autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Kraegeloh‐Mann
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neonatal Brain Development

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Xavier F. Castellanos ◽  
Nitin Gogate ◽  
Kristin Janson ◽  
Shawn Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

Brain development in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A neuroimaging perspective review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S357-S357 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pereira ◽  
P. de Castro-Manglano ◽  
C. Soutullo Esperon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge in child and adolescent psychiatry. In the recent decades many studies with longitudinal designs have used neuroimaging with ADHD patients, suggesting its neurodevelopmental origin.ObjectivesStudy the findings of neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET) techniques on ADHD patients from a longitudinal point of view, looking also for the potential influence of treatments and other predictors (i.e. genetics).AimsTo provide a global perspective of all the recent findings on ADHD patients with the neuroimaging technics, focusing on longitudinal measurements of the changes in brain development.MethodsWe conducted a review of the literature in the databases Pubmed and ScienceDirect (terms ADHD, neuroimaging, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, functional connectivity, metilphenidate and cortical thickness). We focused on studies using neuroimaging techniques with ADHD patients, looking at their populations, methodologies and results.ResultsThe studies found abnormalities in the structure of grey matter, activity and brain connectivity in many neural networks, with particular involvement of the fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network. There is also convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated.ConclusionsThis evidence describe ADHD as a brain development disorder, with delays and disruptions in the global development of the central nervous system that compromises grey and white matters, most evident in the prefrontal cortex, parietal and posterior cingulate cortices, as well as basal ganglia, damaging activity and structural and functional connectivity of various brain networks, especially the fronto-striato-parietal and default mode network.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Do Preschoolers’ Neuropsychological Functioning and Hyperactivity/Inattention Predict Social Functioning Trajectories Through Childhood?

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-802
Author(s):  
Jenna Karlsberg Bennett ◽  
Sarah O’Neill ◽  
Khushmand Rajendran ◽  
Jeffrey M Halperin,
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk Children

Abstract Objective This longitudinal study examined whether preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and neuropsychological functioning predicted trajectories of children’s social functioning from age 3 to 4 through 12 years. Methods Three- and four-year-old children (N = 208; 72.6% boys) were evaluated annually through age 12. Parent and teacher Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, Fourth Edition responses during the initial evaluation were used to categorize preschoolers as “High” or “Low” risk for ADHD. Children’s neuropsychological functioning was assessed using the NEPSY. Teachers’ reports of children’s social functioning were obtained annually from preschool through age 12 years using the Adaptability, Functional Communication, and Social Skills subscales of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess the trajectories of social functioning and determine whether preschoolers’ neuropsychological functioning and ADHD risk status predicted social functioning at age 12 years, and/or change in social functioning throughout childhood. All models controlled for baseline socioeconomic status. Results High Risk children had significantly lower teacher-rated Adaptability and Social Skills at age 12 years. High Risk children and those with lower Verbal neuropsychological functioning in preschool had lower teacher-rated Functional Communication at 12 years old. Lower preschool Verbal neuropsychological functioning predicted greater positive change in teacher-rated Functional Communication across childhood. Conclusions Early identification of and intervention for children exhibiting ADHD behaviors is critical given the enduring negative impact of these behaviors on social functioning. Screening preschoolers for verbal difficulties is encouraged given their long-term impact on children’s ability to clearly express thoughts and feelings and obtain and provide information.

Increased Dental Trauma in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Methylphenidate – A Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Katz-Sagi ◽  
M Redlich ◽  
T Brinsky-Rapoport ◽  
I Matot ◽  
D Ram
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anterior Teeth

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of trauma to incisor teeth in children with normal overjet and lip competence, treated with methylphenidate (Ritalin) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study group consisted of 24 children (19 boys, 5 girls) aged 5-12 years (mean 8.45±2.25), diagnosed with ADHD and treated with methylphenidate at a minimal dosage of 10 mg per day. The control group consisted of 22 healthy children (13 boys, 9 girls) aged 5-12 years (mean 9.15±2.28). The dental examination included incisor relation measurements in the anterior segment (overjet), which was recorded using an orthodontic ruler. Lip competence was clinically determined, and anterior teeth were examined for dental trauma. The prevalence of dental trauma was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (29.1% vs. 4.5% P = 0.02, t-test one tail). In conclusion, children with ADHD treated with methylphenidate have a high-risk for dental trauma. We believe that preventing dental trauma in this high risk group is possible. Consequently, the pediatrician and all medical staff attending to these children should encourage parents to consult frequently with a pediatric dentist to diagnose dental trauma and provide early treatment when needed.

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