scholarly journals Strong and weak cross‐sex correlations govern the quantitative‐genetic architecture of social group choice in Drosophila melanogaster

Evolution ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Geiger ◽  
Julia B. Saltz
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Group Choice ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

scholarly journals Sex-biased gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster is constrained by ontogeny and genetic architecture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona C Ingleby ◽  
Claire L Webster ◽  
Tanya M Pennell ◽  
Ilona Flis ◽  
Edward H Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Differential Splicing ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Shared Genetic

Sexual dimorphism is predicted to be constrained by the underlying genetic architecture shared between the sexes and through ontogeny, but whole-transcriptome data for both sexes across genotypes and developmental stages are lacking. Within a quantitative genetic framework, we sequenced RNA from Drosophila melanogaster at different developmental stages to examine sex-biased gene expression and how selection acts upon it. We found evidence that gene expression is constrained by both univariate and multivariate shared genetic variation between genes, sexes and developmental stages, but may be resolved by differential splicing. These results provide a comprehensive picture of how conflict over sexual dimorphism varies through development and clarifies the conditions under which it is predicted to evolve.

Epistatic Interactions Between smell-impaired Loci in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna M Fedorowicz ◽  
James D Fry ◽  
Robert R H Anholt ◽  
Trudy F C Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
P Element ◽  
Olfactory Behavior ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Diallel Design

Abstract Odor-guided behavior is a polygenic trait determined by the concerted expression of multiple loci. Previously, P-element mutagenesis was used to identify single P[lArB] insertions, in a common isogenic background, with homozygous effects on olfactory behavior. Here, we have crossed 12 lines with these smell impaired (smi) mutations in a half-diallel design (excluding homozygous parental genotypes and reciprocal crosses) to produce all possible 66 doubly heterozygous hybrids with P[lArB] insertions at two distinct locations. The olfactory behavior of the transheterozygous progeny was measured using an assay that quantified the avoidance response to the repellent odorant benzaldehyde. There was significant variation in general combining abilities of avoidance scores among the smi mutants, indicating variation in heterozygous effects. Further, there was significant variation among specific combining abilities of each cross, indicating dependencies of heterozygous effects on the smi locus genotypes, i.e., epistasis. Significant epistatic interactions were identified for nine transheterozygote genotypes, involving 10 of the 12 smi loci. Eight of these loci form an interacting ensemble of genes that modulate expression of the behavioral phenotype. These observations illustrate the power of quantitative genetic analyses to detect subtle phenotypic effects and point to an extensive network of epistatic interactions among genes in the olfactory subgenome.

scholarly journals The Genetic Architecture of Resistance to Desiccation in Populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A McKenzie ◽  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Architecture

Populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans from Melbourne, Vic., and Brisbane, Qld, were regularly sampled for resistance to desiccation. D. melanogaster was more resistant than D. simulans and females of each species were more resistant than males for both populations.

scholarly journals A quantitative genetic study of starvation resistance at different geographic scales in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIETA GOENAGA ◽  
JUAN JOSÉ FANARA ◽  
ESTEBAN HASSON
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Variation Explained

SummaryFood shortage is a stress factor that commonly affects organisms in nature. Resistance to food shortage or starvation resistance (SR) is a complex quantitative trait with direct implications on fitness. However, surveys of natural genetic variation in SR at different geographic scales are scarce. Here, we have measured variation in SR in sets of lines derived from nine natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected in western Argentina. Our study shows that within population variation explained a larger proportion of overall phenotypic variance (80%) than among populations (7·2%). We also noticed that an important fraction of variation was sex-specific. Overall females were more resistant to starvation than males; however, the magnitude of the sexual dimorphism (SD) in SR varied among lines and explained a significant fraction of phenotypic variance in all populations. Estimates of cross-sex genetic correlations suggest that the genetic architecture of SR is only partially shared between sexes in the populations examined, thus, facilitating further evolution of the SD.

Oligogenic Adaptation, Soft Sweeps, and Parallel Melanic Evolution in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Bastide ◽  
Jeremy D. Lange ◽  
Justin B. Lack ◽  
Yassin Amir ◽  
John E. Pool
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractUnraveling the genetic architecture of adaptive phenotypic divergence is a fundamental quest in evolutionary biology. In Drosophila melanogaster, high-altitude melanism has evolved in separate mountain ranges in sub-Saharan Africa, potentially as an adaptation to UV intensity. We investigated the genetic basis of this melanism in three populations using a new bulk segregant analysis mapping method. Although hundreds of genes are known to affect cuticular pigmentation in D. melanogaster, we identified only 19 distinct QTLs from 9 mapping crosses, with several QTL peaks being shared among two or all populations. Surprisingly, we did not find wide signals of genetic differentiation (Fst) between lightly and darkly pigmented populations at these QTLs, in spite of the pronounced phenotypic difference in pigmentation. Instead, we found small numbers of highly differentiated SNPs at the probable causative genes. A simulation analysis showed that these patterns of polymorphism are consistent with selection on standing genetic variation (leading to “soft sweeps“). Our results thus support a role for oligogenic selection on standing genetic variation in driving parallel ecological adaptation.

Quantitative Genetics of Drosophila Melanogaster. II. Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations between Sexes for Head and Thorax Traits.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433
Author(s):  
D E Cowley ◽  
W R Atchley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract A quantitative genetic analysis is reported for traits on the head and thorax of adult fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. Females are larger than males, and the magnitude of sexual dimorphism is similar for traits derived from the same imaginal disc, but the level of sexual dimorphism varies widely across discs. The greatest difference between males and females occurs for the dimensions of the sclerotized mouthparts of the proboscis. Most of the traits studied are highly heritable with heritabilities ranging from 0.26 to 0.84 for males and 0.27 to 0.81 for females. In general, heritabilities are slightly higher for males, possibly reflecting the effect of dosage compensation on X-linked variance. The X chromosome contributes substantially to variance for many of these traits, and including results reported elsewhere, the variance for over two-thirds of the traits studied includes X-linked variance. The genetic correlations between sexes for the same trait are generally high and close to unity. Coupled with the small differences in the traits between sexes for heritabilities and phenotypic variances, these results suggest that selection would be very slow to change the level of sexual dimorphism in size of various body parts.

scholarly journals Genetic Networks Underlying Natural Variation in Basal and Induced Activity Levels in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Watanabe ◽  
Cameron Gordon ◽  
Mina Y. Momeni ◽  
Nicole C. Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Exercise Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise is recommended by health professionals across the globe as part of a healthy lifestyle to prevent and/or treat the consequences of obesity. While overall, the health benefits of exercise and an active lifestyle are well understood, very little is known about how genetics impacts an individual’s inclination for and response to exercise. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying natural variation in activity levels in the model system Drosophila melanogaster. Activity levels were assayed in the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel fly strains at baseline and in response to a gentle exercise treatment using the Rotational Exercise Quantification System. We found significant, sex-dependent variation in both activity measures and identified over 100 genes that contribute to basal and induced exercise activity levels. This gene set was enriched for genes with functions in the central nervous system and in neuromuscular junctions and included several candidate genes with known activity phenotypes such as flightlessness or uncoordinated movement. Interestingly, there were also several chromatin proteins among the candidate genes, two of which were validated and shown to impact activity levels. Thus, the study described here reveals the complex genetic architecture controlling basal and exercise-induced activity levels in D. melanogaster and provides a resource for exercise biologists.

scholarly journals A quantitative genetic analysis of fitness and its components in Drosophila melanogaster

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Average Fitness

SummaryForty-one third chromosomes extracted from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster were assessed for net fitness and for the quantitative characters viability, net fertility, female productivity, male weight, abdominal bristle number, and sternopleural bristle number. Net homozygous and heterozygous fitness of the third chromosomes was estimated by competition against a marked balancer third chromosome. Average fitness of the homozygous lines relative to wild-type heterozygotes was 0·13, indicating substantial inbreeding depression for net fitness. All significant correlations of quantitative characters with fitness and with each other were high and positive. Homozygous fitness is strongly correlated with net fertility, viability, and female productivity, moderately associated with male weight, and not significantly associated with bristle traits. The combination of metric traits which best predicts homozygous fitness is the simple multiple of viability and female productivity. Heterozygous fitness is not correlated with homozygous fitness; furthermore, the relative contribution of metric traits to fitness in a heterozygous population is likely to be different from that deduced from homozygous lines. These observations are consistent with a model of genetic variation for fitness in natural populations caused by segregation of rare deleterious recessive alleles.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetic analysis of natural variation in body size in Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gockel ◽  
S J W Robinson ◽  
W J Kennington ◽  
D B Goldstein ◽  
L Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Analysis
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