scholarly journals Bloodstream infections in a medical–surgical intensive care unit: incidence, aetiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Erdem ◽  
A. Ozgultekin ◽  
A. Sengoz Inan ◽  
D. Ozturk Engin ◽  
S. Senbayrak Akcay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals Impact of an Evidence-Based Antibiotic Protocol on Common Gram-Negative Bacteria's Antibiotic Resistance in a Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-017
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Pal Singh ◽  
Seshagiribabu Yagani ◽  
Shamsiya TP ◽  
Shivam Pandey ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Based on the analysis of infections and antibiotic usage in the years 2013 and 2014, an evidence-based antibiotic protocol was developed and implemented in our cardiac surgical intensive care unit (CSICU). This study intends to study the impact of this new protocol on the sensitivity profiles of common gram-negative bacteria in our CSICU. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our center, between January 2017 and December 2018, were reviewed and the incidence of different hospital-acquired bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles were recorded. The antibiotic-sensitivity profiles of common gram-negative bacteria, for the years 2017 and 2018, were compared with the published data of 2013 and 2014 from our department. Results There was a significant decrease in the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems during 2017 and 2018. The incidence of colistin-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa also decreased significantly in 2017 and 2018. A significant increase in the proportion of amikacin resistant A. baumannii and E. coli and A. baumannii resistant to B lactam/B lactamase inhibitors also occurred. Conclusion Antibiotic stewardship can reverse the antibiotic resistance of common gram-negative bacteria in the ICU.

scholarly journals PATIENTS' MICROFLORA COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
O.V. Posoiuznykh ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

We studied the microflora structure and resistance gathered from the biomaterial of patients and the environment objects of various departments at the National hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. 140 clinical samples of biomaterials from 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit, the infectious diseases and the gastroenterology departments were studied. A systematic approach including microbiological, epidemiological and statistical research methods was used in carrying out the study. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (38.5 per cent) prevailed in the biomaterial of intensive care unit patients. Nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria (46.5 per cent) occupied the leading positions in the infectious diseases department and Gram-positive bacteria (39.3 per cent) were in the gastroenterology department. Gram-positive flora (60.2 per cent in the intensive care unit and 50.7 per cent in the infectious diseases department) prevailed in the microflora structure gathered from hospital environment objects. We identified the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria with a wide spectrum of resistance in the departments of the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

Arterial catheter-related bloodstream infections: Results of an 8-year survey in a surgical intensive care unit*

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Pirracchio ◽  
Matthieu Legrand ◽  
Mathieu Resche Rigon ◽  
Joaquim Mateo ◽  
Anne Claire Lukaszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Arterial Catheter ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care

Predictive Factors for the Development of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Intensive Care Unit Patients After Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranavi V. Sreeramoju ◽  
Jocelyn Tolentino ◽  
Sylvia Garcia-Houchins ◽  
Stephen G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Objectives.To examine the relative proportions of central line-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) due to gram-negative bacteria and due to gram-positive bacteria among patients who had undergone surgery and patients who had not. The study also evaluated clinical predictive factors and unadjusted outcomes associated with central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative bacteria in the postoperative period.Design.Observational, case-control study based on a retrospective review of medical records.Setting.University of Chicago Medical Center, a 500-bed tertiary care center located on Chicago's south side.Patients.Adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients who developed central line-associated BSI.Results.There were a total of 142 adult patients who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System definition for central line-associated BSI. Of those, 66 patients (46.5%) had infections due to gram-positive bacteria, 49 patients (34.5%) had infections due to gram-negative bacteria, 23 patients (16.2%) had infections due to yeast, and 4 patients (2.8%) had mixed infections. Patients who underwent surgery were more likely to develop central line-associated BSI due to gram-negative bacteria within 28 days of the surgery, compared with patients who had not had surgery recently (57.6% vs 27.3%; P = .002). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.6 [95% CI, 1.2-18.1]; P = .03) and the presence of hypotension at the time of the first blood culture positive for a pathogen (adjusted OR, 9.8 [95% CI, 2.5-39.1]; P = .001 ) were found to be independently predictive of central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative bacteria. Unadjusted outcomes were not different in the group with BSI due to gram-negative pathogens, compared to the group with BSI due to gram-positive pathogens.Conclusions.Clinicians caring for critically ill patients after surgery should be especially concerned about the possibility of central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative pathogens. The presence of diabetes and hypotension appear to be significant associated factors.

Probabilistic Measurement of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Hota ◽  
Paul Malpiedi ◽  
Scott K. Fridkin ◽  
John Martin ◽  
William Trick
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Final Model ◽  
C Statistic

OBJECTIVETo develop a probabilistic method for measuring central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates that reduces the variability associated with traditional, manual methods of applying CLABSI surveillance definitions.DESIGNMulticenter retrospective cohort study of bacteremia episodes among patients hospitalized in adult patient-care units; the study evaluated presence of CLABSI.SETTINGHospitals that used SafetySurveillor software system (Premier) and who also reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).PATIENTSPatients were identified from a stratified sample from all eligible blood culture isolates from all eligible hospital units to generate a final set with an equal distribution (ie, 20%) from each unit type. Units were divided a priori into 5 major groups: medical intensive care unit, surgical intensive care unit, medical-surgical intensive care unit, hematology unit, or general medical wards.INTERVENTIONSEpisodes were reviewed by 2 experts, and a selection of discordant reviews were re-reviewed. Data were joined with NHSN data for hospitals for in-plan months. A predictive model was created; model performance was assessed using the c statistic in a validation set and comparison with NHSN reported rates for in-plan months.RESULTSA final model was created with predictors of CLABSI. The c statistic for the final model was 0.75 (0.68–0.80). Rates from regression modeling correlated better with expert review than NHSN-reported rates.CONCLUSIONSThe use of a regression model based on the clinical characteristics of the bacteremia outperformed traditional infection preventionist surveillance compared with an expert-derived reference standard.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):149–155

The Journey to Zero Central Catheter–Associated Bloodstream Infections: Culture Change in an Intensive Care Unit

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri L. Southworth ◽  
Lita Jo Henman ◽  
Lisa A. Kinder ◽  
Jennifer L. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Continuous Feedback

A process change with the goal of decreasing and ultimately eliminating bloodstream infections associated with central catheters in critical care patients was implemented at Riverside Methodist Hospital. This process of implementation resulted in a culture change in the hospital’s medical surgical intensive care unit. Keys to success included a multidisciplinary team approach, support from persons with a stake in the process, and provision of continuous feedback. The lessons learned in this journey at Riverside Methodist Hospital can help caregivers at other hospitals decrease the occurrence of these life-threatening infections.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Saba Mushtaq ◽  
Sohail Ashraf ◽  
Lubna Ghazal ◽  
Rida Zahid ◽  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

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