scholarly journals Communities and employers show a high level of preparedness in supporting working mothers to combine breastfeeding with work in rural Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taddese Alemu Zerfu ◽  
Paula Griffiths ◽  
Teresia Macharia ◽  
Eva W. Kamande ◽  
Esther Anono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Emotional Maturity and Achievement Motivation Among Adolescents of Working Mothers in Selected Secondary Schools, Tirupati

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
B. E. Sukanya ◽  
M. Bhagya Lakshmi ◽  
S. Hema Latha
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
High Level

Adolescence is one of the important periods of life. It is characterized by innumerable and unique problems. Emotional Maturity is said to be the foundation for leading a happy and contented life. Achievement motivation is considered a prerequisite for success, not only in academic, but also in sports and job related situations. A correlational research design was used to assess the emotional maturity and achievement motivation among adolescents of working mothers. A total of 100 adolescents were selected by purposive sampling method in selected secondary schools, Tirupati. Tools used for conducting the study were a set of demographic variables, Emotional maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargava, 1991) to assess the emotional maturity and Achievement motivation Scale (Deo & Mohan, 1985) to assess the achievement motivation . Data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings of the study was among 100 adolescents, 22 (22%) were extremely stable, 13(13%) were moderately stable, and 32(32%) were unstable, 33(33%) adolescents were extremely unstable. Among 100 adolescents, 21(21%) had low level of achievement motivation, 71(71%) had average level of achievement motivation, 08(08%) had high level of achievement motivation. This study showed that there was a significant moderate negative correlation (-.525) at 0.01 level exists between the emotional maturity and achievement motivation among adolescents. This study concludes that the necessity of developing stable emotional maturity and high achievement motivation through good personality development, able to control his emotions and tendency to strive for success in scholastic performance.

scholarly journals The State of the Art of Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Uloma Nwaodu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Level

According to the WHO, the global standard for infant nutrition is exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, the level of EBF has been identified to remain low in developing countries. This is quite ironical as one could expect that breastfeeding mothers in developing countries will find EBF attractive as a better alternative to infant food considering the high level of food insecurity in the region. Adopting a qualitative approach, this paper dived into the literature and identified key factors which act as impediments to EBF among working mothers in this region - insufficient breastfeeding breaks in the workplace, lack of breastfeeding spaces and short maternity leaves, birth by caesarean section, poor lactation, poor maternal health, and poor spousal and societal support.

Examining the moderating roles of job demands and resources on the relation between work engagement and work–family conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Anthony G Balogun ◽  
Olukayode A Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Work Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
Job Demands And Resources

Recently, studies have shown that work engagement is associated with high level of work–family conflict. However, little is known about the factors that can moderate this relationship. Using job demands–resources model as a theoretical framework, this study examined the moderating roles of job demands and resources in the relation between work engagement and work–family conflict among a sample of 156 working mothers in Nigeria. Their ages ranged between 24 and 39 years ( M = 34.09; SD = 7.49). Data were analyzed using moderated hierarchal regression analysis. Results showed that work engagement was positively related to work–family conflict. Job demands and resources significantly moderated the relationship between work engagement and work–family conflict, such that highly work engaged working mothers who experience high job demands with high job resources reported low work–family conflict. The findings suggest that organizations can reduce the negative effect of work engagement on work–family conflict among their employees by reducing or optimizing job demands and providing adequate job resources.

scholarly journals The State of the Art of Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Uloma Nwaodu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Level

According to the WHO, the global standard for infant nutrition is exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, the level of EBF has been identified to remain low in developing countries. This is quite ironical as one could expect that breastfeeding mothers in developing countries will find EBF attractive as a better alternative to infant food considering the high level of food insecurity in the region. Adopting a qualitative approach, this paper dived into the literature and identified key factors which act as impediments to EBF among working mothers in this region - insufficient breastfeeding breaks in the workplace, lack of breastfeeding spaces and short maternity leaves, birth by caesarean section, poor lactation, poor maternal health, and poor spousal and societal support.

scholarly journals Perceived parental acceptance and rejection and its relationship to Alexithymia disorder among adolescents with the Autism Spectrum at integrated schools in Jeddah: القبول والرفض الوالدي المدرك وعلاقته باضطراب الأليكسيثيميا لدى المراهقين ذوي طيف الأوتيزم بمدارس الدمج بمدينة جدة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammad Qalyoubi
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Parental Refusal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Level

The study aims to reveal the relationship of parental acceptance/ rejection by the (father- mother) as perceived by the children and the disorder of Alexithymia among a sample of adolescents with an Autism spectrum, with some demographic variables (gender- economic and social level- the work of the mother). Depending on the descriptive analytical approach The sample of the study consisted of (40) male and female adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Their ages ranged between (15: less than 19 years). A measure of parental acceptance and rejection (the mother-father version) was applied to them (was translated into Arabic by Mamdouha Salama, 2011), Toranto Scale of Alexithymia (translated into Arabic by Aladdin Kafafi- Fouad Al-Dawash 2011), and The Economic and Social Level List prepared (Razan Kurdi, 2012), was applied on the sample of study. The results indicated that a statistically significant correlation between parental acceptance- rejections by the (father-mother), as perceived by the children and between their alexithymia. The results also indicated there are differences between parents in the awareness of children of the acceptance and parental refusal in the direction of the mothers. The results also indicated Parental acceptance and rejection (the image of the mother) differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of males- economic and social level in the direction of the high level- mother's work in the direction of non-working mothers). The results also indicated that Parental acceptance and rejection (the image of the father) differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of female- economic and social level in the direction of the high level). Alexithymia also differed according to some demographic variables (gender in the direction of males- economic and social level in the direction of high level- mother's work in the direction of non-working mothers).

scholarly journals The State of the Art of Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Uloma Nwaodu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Level

According to the WHO, the global standard for infant nutrition is exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). However, the level of EBF has been identified to remain low in developing countries. This is quite ironical as one could expect that breastfeeding mothers in developing countries will find EBF attractive as a better alternative to infant food considering the high level of food insecurity in the region. Adopting a qualitative approach, this paper dived into the literature and identified key factors which act as impediments to EBF among working mothers in this region - insufficient breastfeeding breaks in the workplace, lack of breastfeeding spaces and short maternity leaves, birth by caesarean section, poor lactation, poor maternal health, and poor spousal and societal support.

scholarly journals Sociocultural Dimensions of Children’s Physical Activity in Contemporary Pastoralist Maasai Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8337
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Tian ◽  
Tetsuhiro Kidokoro ◽  
Francis Mundia Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Children’s physical activity (CPA) in low- and middle-income regions has received increasing attention, but research is still very limited. This study explores the CPA in contemporary pastoralist Maasai society in rural Kenya by considering its sociocultural dimensions. The physical activity of 25 children (15 girls and 10 boys) was documented with mixed methods, including an epidemiological assessment of the CPA and semi-structured interviews with the targeted children regarding their daily activities. These methods were integrated with the ethnographic data on children’s socialization in the same area. Results showed a very high level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of these children with significant gender differences especially outside school. Children reported their continued social participation in local gender–age labor divisions outside of school. As their activities outside school strongly contributed to their empirical learning of local knowledge and skills, a high MVPA plays an active role in enhancing the children’s ability to access and manage livestock and different natural resources. Findings from this study first show that the CPA is not merely physical, but also has significant sociocultural meanings in the process of in situ learning of local wisdom. We call more attention to children’s social roles in future investigations of CPA among less examined populations.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Advances in Stem Instrumentation for Biology

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
J. S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Active User ◽  
Percent Improvement ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
High Level

The forte of the Scanning transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) is high resolution imaging with high contrast on thin specimens, as demonstrated by visualization of single heavy atoms. of equal importance for biology is the efficient utilization of all available signals, permitting low dose imaging of unstained single molecules such as DNA.Our work at Brookhaven has concentrated on: 1) design and construction of instruments optimized for a narrow range of biological applications and 2) use of such instruments in a very active user/collaborator program. Therefore our program is highly interactive with a strong emphasis on producing results which are interpretable with a high level of confidence.The major challenge we face at the moment is specimen preparation. The resolution of the STEM is better than 2.5 A, but measurements of resolution vs. dose level off at a resolution of 20 A at a dose of 10 el/A2 on a well-behaved biological specimen such as TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). To track down this problem we are examining all aspects of specimen preparation: purification of biological material, deposition on the thin film substrate, washing, fast freezing and freeze drying. As we attempt to improve our equipment/technique, we use image analysis of TMV internal controls included in all STEM samples as a monitor sensitive enough to detect even a few percent improvement. For delicate specimens, carbon films can be very harsh-leading to disruption of the sample. Therefore we are developing conducting polymer films as alternative substrates, as described elsewhere in these Proceedings. For specimen preparation studies, we have identified (from our user/collaborator program ) a variety of “canary” specimens, each uniquely sensitive to one particular aspect of sample preparation, so we can attempt to separate the variables involved.

A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-761
Author(s):  
Tess K. Koerner ◽  
Melissa A. Papesh ◽  
Frederick J. Gallun
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

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