THE EFFECT OF INCORPORATING RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HOT MIX ASPHALT MIXTURES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Idham ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

In pavement industries, incorporating appropriate amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in the fresh mixtures is one of the approaches to attain sustainable principle in construction. Usage RAP materials have been practiced since 1970s, however, pavements made with RAP will reach the end of service life and need to be recycled again. Only a few studies done on the second recycle of RAP (R2AP). Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating RAP and R2AP in the asphalt mixture. RAP was collected from in-service road which was exposed to the environment and traffic for seven years. While, the second cycle of RAP (R2AP) was obtained through the laboratory aging process.  20, 40, and 60 % of RAP and R2AP were mixed with fresh dense graded aggregates to form Asphaltic Concrete with 14 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (AC 14). Resilient modulus test was performed to evaluate the performance on rutting resistance. Tensile strength was also evaluated at 25 °C as an indicator for fatigue resistance. 60 % of RAP and 40 % of R2AP are observed to the best optimum amount to be added in the fresh mixture in order to improve both fatigue and rutting resistance.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Modified with Waste Frying Oil and Crumb Rubber

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Munder Bilema ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Aman ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Zubair Ahmed Memon ◽  
Hend Ali Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

Researchers are exploring the utilisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a recycled material to determine the performance of non-renewable natural aggregates and other road products such as asphalt binder, in the construction and rehabilitation stage of asphalt pavements. The addition of RAP in asphalt mixtures is a complex process and there is a need to understand the design of the asphalt mixture. Some of the problems associated with adding RAP to asphalt mixtures are moisture damage and cracking damage caused by poor adhesion between the aggregates and asphalt binder. There is a need to add rejuvenators to the recycled mixture containing RAP to enhance its performance, excepting the rutting resistance. This study sought to improve asphalt mixture performance and mechanism by adding waste frying oil (WFO) and crumb rubber (CR) to 25 and 40% of the RAP content. Moreover, the utilisation of CR and WFO improved pavement sustainability and rutting performance. In addition, this study prepared five asphalt mixture samples and compared their stiffness, moisture damage and rutting resistance with the virgin asphalt. The results showed enhanced stiffness and rutting resistance of the RAP but lower moisture resistance. The addition of WFO and CR restored the RAP properties and produced rutting resistance, moisture damage and stiffness, which were comparable to the virgin asphalt mixture. All waste and virgin materials produce homogeneous asphalt mixtures, which influence the asphalt mixture performance. The addition of a high amount of WFO and a small amount of CR enhanced pavement sustainability and rutting performance.

Laboratory investigation of engineering properties of rubberized asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feipeng Xiao ◽  
Serji Amirkhanian ◽  
Bradley Putman ◽  
Junan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rubberized Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Environmentally Sound

An improved understanding of the rheological and engineering properties of a rubberized asphalt concrete (RAC) pavement that contains reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is important to stimulating the use of these recycled and by-product materials in asphalt mixtures. The uses of RAP and rubberized asphalt in the past have proven to be economical, environmentally sound, and effective in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures across the US and the world. The objective of this research was to investigate the binder and mixture performance characteristics of these modified asphalt mixtures through a series of laboratory tests to evaluate properties such as the fatigue factor G*sinδ, rutting resistance, resilient modulus, and fatigue life. The results of the experiments indicated that the use of RAP and crumb rubber in HMA can effectively improve the engineering properties of these mixes.

Rejuvenator Influence on Aged Binder Material Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Varaus ◽  
Tomas Koudelka ◽  
Pavel Sperka
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Bending Beam Rheometer ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Aged Binder ◽  
Ball Test

As the amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material used in asphalt mixtures has increased recently, it is vital to address problems regarding aged binder incorporated in RAP. Asphalt binder hardens during its production process as well as during service life of pavements. External influences such as oxygen and ultraviolet radiation affect greatly bitumen characteristics. Thanks to adding rejuvenating agents, the original binder properties should be recovered and resulting asphalt binder parameters should become equal to those measured upon the reference material. In this study, four different rejuvenator agents and one neat soft binder were employed to rejuvenate the artificially aged binder by a complete blending between both constituents. Thereafter, empirical as well as performance based binder properties were examined with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and with a bending beam rheometer (BBR). Three different dosages of each rejuvenator were added to evaluate the required amount for the original binder properties to be restored. Moreover, the softening efficiency of each agent was assessed by means of the Ring and Ball test. Finally, the optimum amount of each rejuvenator needed for the blend to achieve the target specification was determined. It can be concluded that the rejuvenators affect binder properties greatly, and mainly in a positive way. However, the data also indicate significant discrepancies between the types of the rejuvenator.

scholarly journals Desempenho de misturas asfálticas recicladas mornas e sua influência no dimensionamento do revestimento asfáltico

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gadler ◽  
Leonardo Fagundes Rosemback Miranda ◽  
Joe Villena
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

The main purpose is to evaluate the performance of asphalt regarding resilient modulus and fatigue curve.The asphalt was produced with two wastes, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), using the technique of warm mixtures. The evaluation includes, based on these parameters, the thickness differences in the design of asphalt layer for each mixture. Five asphalt mixtures were produced with incorporation of RAP and RCA, in different gradation fractions (fine and/or course), without adding any natural aggregate. In view of the aim of the article, the mixtures were evaluated through tests of resilient modulus and fatigue life, in order to support the design, establishing the necessary thickness to meet traffic demands of each mixture. The design was performed using MeDiNa software. Among all results, it is highlighted that asphalt binder content is the component that exerts the greatest influence on the resilient modulus of the mixtures. As for fatigue, in addition to the binder content, the possible anchoring of the asphalt binder in the pores of the RCA may have favored the performance of the GARC_MRAP mixture. Still, all mixtures with RAP, both in fine or course fraction, resulted in lower coating thicknesses compared to the REF, for the same load request, with better performance of the GARC_MRAP mixture produced with 100 % waste material and incorporation of only 3.1 % neat binder.

scholarly journals Performance of High Content Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphaltic Mix with Crumb Rubber Modifier and Waste Engine Oil as Rejuvenator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5226
Author(s):  
Md Zahid Hossain Khan ◽  
Suhana Koting ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Mohammed Babalghaith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Waste Engine Oil

The utilisation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a suitable substitute for natural aggregate and binder offers an energy-saving and cost-effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt mix. Realising the potential use of RAP as a promising recycling technique, many countries are seeking to recycle RAP as part of the global effort to address the rising challenge of climate change and contribute to a sustainable environment. This study aimed to develop an integrated approach to determine the amount of RAP to be used in an asphaltic concrete wearing course with 14 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (ACW14). The RAP was incorporated with two waste materials comprising waste engine oil (WEO) as a rejuvenator and Crumb Rubber (CRM) as a binder modifier. A total of five different mixes, which include R0 (control mix), R30, R50, R70, and R100 (replacement of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of RAP aggregates in the mix, respectively) were evaluated. The Marshall parameters, resilient modulus (MR), indirect tensile fatigue, moisture susceptibility, and mass loss (ML) tests were conducted to investigate the performance of each mix. Finally, an arbitrary scale was developed to optimise the RAP content. The results showed that the Marshall parameters, moisture susceptibility, and ML values of the RAP mixes met the criteria outlined in the standard. According to the MR performance, the R50, R70, and R100 mixes were more resilient than the R0. In terms of fatigue resistance, the R30, R50, and R70 mixes showed better performance than the R0. Overall, the collective performance of all RAP mixes was above the R0 and it increased with the increment of RAP content. Therefore, it was possible to design ACW14 mixes with up to 100% RAP in combination with WEO and CRM.

scholarly journals Laboratory comparative assessment of warm and hot mixes Asphalt containing reclaimed Asphalt pavement

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Hasan H Joni ◽  
Aqeel Y M Alkhafaji
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
The Impact

Warm mix Asphalt (WMA) could be mixed and used in paving at low temperatures to minimize the consumption of energy and the emissions of greenhouse gas. Recycled Asphalt pavement (RAP) could save Asphaltic cement and aggregate, which could achieve the better effects of recycling. However, both of the two WMA and RAP technologies have some deficiencies. Warm mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt pavement (WMA-RAP) technique may solve these issues and deficiencies when they are utilized together. This study investigated the implementations of WMA-RAP and its impacts on the performance of the Asphalt mixture. Under the framework of this study, four percentages of RAP (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added to the hot mix Asphalt (HMA) and WMA containing 4% Sasobit to study the impact of increasing RAP content on Marshall stability and moisture resistance of Asphalt mixtures. In summary, the Marshall stability of HMA and WMA mixtures is higher than the control mixtures. A small decrease in moisture resistance of both (HMA and WMA) containing RAP comparing to control mixtures Asphalt was observed, as shown by reduced the tensile strength ratios (TSR), but it is still much higher than the minimum of 80%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of warm mix asphalt performance incorporating high RAP content

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Dai Lu ◽  
Mofreh Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Characterization Test

Using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) increases the sustainability benefits and can enhance the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) compared to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). However, the RAP content is generally limited in WMA because adding high RAP content may reduce the performance of WMA. In this paper, the authors studied the possibility of incorporating high RAP content from 25 to 70% by mass of WMA by using Evotherm as an additive. Laboratory performance of WMA–RAP mixtures was characterized and compared to a control HMA in terms of moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue characterization. Test results showed that Evotherm greatly improved the moisture resistance of WMA–RAP mixtures compared to HMA. Increasing RAP content made WMA–RAP mixtures stiffer and enhanced the rutting resistance, but decreased the fatigue resistance of the mixtures. Therefore, the maximum RAP content needs to be determined to ensure balance between the fatigue and rutting characteristics of asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals Enhanced Dry Process Method for Modified Asphalt Containing Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanain Radhi Radeef ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Ahmad Razin Zainal Abidin ◽  
Mohd Zul Hanif Mahmud ◽  
Nur Izzi Md. Yusoffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
And Performance

In recent years, the proliferation of plastic waste has become a global problem. A potential solution to this problem is the dry process, which incorporates plastic waste into asphalt mixtures. However, the dry process often has inconsistent performance due to poor interaction with binder and improper distribution of plastic waste particles in the mixture skeleton. This inconsistency may be caused by inaccurate mixing method, shredding size, mixing temperature and ingredient priorities. Thus, this study aims to improve the consistency of the dry process by comparing the control asphalt mixture and two plastic waste-modified asphalt mixtures prepared using the dry process. This study used crushed granite aggregate with the nominal maximum aggregate size of 14 mm whereas the shredded plastic bag is in the range of 5–10 mm. Quantitative sieving analysis and performance tests were carried out to examine the effects of plastic waste added into the asphalt mixture. The volumetric and performance properties combined with image analysis of the modified mixtures were obtained and compared with the control mixture. In addition, the moisture damage, resilient modulus, creep deformation and rutting were evaluated. This study also highlighted in detail the distribution of plastic particles in the final skeleton of the asphalt mixture. Based on the analysis, an enhanced dry process of mixing procedure was proposed and evaluated. Results showed that the addition of plastic particles using the conventional dry process leads to the deviation in the aggregate structure as high plastic content is added. Furthermore, the enhanced dry process developed in this study presents substantial enhancement in the asphalt performance, particularly with plastic waste that accounts for 20% of the weight of the asphalt binder.

Implications of Including Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Materials to Performance of Balanced Asphalt Concrete Mixes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Barros ◽  
Victor M. Garcia ◽  
Jose Garibay ◽  
Imad Abdallah ◽  
Soheil Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Interaction Diagram

Understanding the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures may lead to improved mix design aiming to maximize the use of recycled materials while yielding optimal volumetric properties and balanced performance. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the RAP content and source on the mechanical performance of AC mixes as measured by overlay tester, Hamburg wheel tracking device, and indirect tension tests. Several Superpave mixes with 12.5 mm nominal maximum aggregate size and recycled binder replacement ratios ranging from 0 to over 50 were designed and evaluated in this study. A performance interaction diagram was used to interpret collectively the cracking susceptibility, rutting potential, and tensile strength of the AC mixes. Asphalt concrete mixes with high RAP content can be balanced with proper individual mix design and their performance assessed through mechanical characterization. Furthermore, AC mixes with RAP from different sources yielded different cracking and rutting potentials. The performance tests and analysis methodology from this study could potentially be incorporated into the balanced mix design process to provide well-performing mixes containing optimal amounts for recycled materials.

Laboratory Observation and Evaluation of Asphalt Blends of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Binder with Virgin Binder using SEM/EDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxu Jiang ◽  
Xingyu Gu ◽  
Zhou Zhou ◽  
Fujian Ni ◽  
Qiao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Recycling Agent ◽  
Aged Binder

In this paper, microscopic technique tests were carried out to observe and evaluate the degree of blending between reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder and virgin binder in hot mixed asphalt mixture. To this end, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was selected as a tracer to tag virgin binder. Scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) experiments were conducted on compacted recycled asphalt mixtures and virgin asphalt mixtures. The element mass ratio of titanium over sulfur (Ti:S) was proposed as an quantitative indicator of blending ratio to accurately evaluate the degree of partial blending between RAP and virgin binders. The SEM/EDS images visually displayed the partial blending in high RAP mixtures. Different partial blending patterns were observed under different handling processes. The results of EDS tests indicated that with the increase of the RAP content, the blending degree of virgin and aged binder decreased rapidly, and the homogeneity of blended binder became weakened. In addition, aging process and recycling agent could improve the efficiency of RAP binder as it is blended with virgin one, and it should be noted that the inter-diffusion of old and new binders need enough time. This methodology provides a systemic approach to determine the degree of binder blending in RAP mixture.

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