Liquid Ejection Through Orifices by Sparging Gas: The PERCOLA Program

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tourniaire ◽  
J. M. Seiler ◽  
J. M. Bonnet ◽  
M. Amblard
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
General Description ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Core Meltdown ◽  
Cooling Mechanism ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Corium coolability after a severe PWR accident involving core meltdown and RPV failure is one of the main items in nuclear safety. The case considered here is a situation in which the corium is supposed to spread over a concrete floor and is flooded by water. In this frame, many researches are performed to study the physical phenomena which may enhance the heat transfer between the corium and the water pool. Among them, the melt entrainment above the corium crust by the sparging gas released by the concrete ablation appears as a potentially efficient cooling mechanism. The main target of the experimental program PERCOLA is to provide qualitative and quantitative information on this entrainment phenomenon. The first part of this paper is devoted to a general description of the experimental program and to the presentation of the main results. In a second part, the attention is focused on the modelling of the liquid entrainment phenomenon and to the comparison between the experimental data and the calculation results of two different entrainment models.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

scholarly journals Land Saturation in SE Niger: Triangulating Qualitative and Quantitative Information for Critical Assessment of Land Use Trajectories

Land ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Reenberg ◽  
Issoufou Maman ◽  
Ibrahim Bouzou Moussa ◽  
Bjarne Fog
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

The REPAS Study: Reliability Evaluation of Passive Safety Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ricotti ◽  
F. Bianchi ◽  
L. Burgazzi ◽  
F. D’Auria ◽  
G. Galassi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
External Input ◽  
Passive System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The strategy of approach to the problem moves from the consideration that a passive system should be theoretically more reliable than an active one. In fact it does not need any external input or energy to operate and it relies only upon natural physical laws (e.g. gravity, natural circulation, internally stored energy, etc.) and/or “intelligent” use of the energy inherently available in the system (e.g. chemical reaction, decay heat, etc.). Nevertheless the passive system may fail its mission not only as a consequence of classical mechanical failure of components, but also for deviation from the expected behaviour, due to physical phenomena mainly related to thermalhydraulics or due to different boundary and initial conditions. The main sources of physical failure are identified and a probability of occurrence is assigned. The reliability analysis is performed on a passive system which operates in two-phase, natural circulation. The selected system is a loop including a heat source and a heat sink where the condensation occurs. The system behavior under different configurations has been simulated via best-estimate code (Relap5 mod3.2). The results are shown and can be treated in such a way to give qualitative and quantitative information on the system reliability. Main routes of development of the methodology are also depicted.

scholarly journals Italian Tsunami Effects Database (ITED): The First Database of Tsunami Effects Observed Along the Italian Coasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Maramai ◽  
Laura Graziani ◽  
Beatriz Brizuela
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
General Description ◽  
End User ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Italian Coasts ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Intensity ◽  
Italian Territory

Traditional tsunami catalogues are conceived as a collection of tsunamis classified by the generating cause, providing a general description of the effects observed for each tsunami. Those catalogues, even if they provide fundamental information, are not suitable for producing an exhaustive picture of the geographical distribution of the tsunami effects. In this paper we introduce the new Italian Tsunami Effects Database (ITED), a collection of evidence documenting the effects along the Italian coasts from historical times to present. The database comes forth the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue (EMTC) and focusses on the effects of tsunamis observed along the Italian coasts providing descriptive and quantitative information for each OP. The information reported in ITED does not only concern the effects produced by Italian tsunamis, but also those effects produced by tsunamis originated outside the Italian territory. ITED contains 318 OPs, related to 73 Italian tsunamis and to four tsunamis which occurred outside Italy. The database can be accessed through a WebApp that displays for each OP the description of effects, quantitative data (run-up, inundation, withdrawal, etc.) and tsunami intensity with the corresponding bibliographic references. The database also provides the tsunami intensity distribution along time (tsunami-history) for each site, allowing the end user to know how a place has been affected by tsunamis over the time. The information contained in ITED makes this database a useful tool to understand how tsunamis have affected the Italian territory and emphasizes the importance of studying the tsunami hazard along the Italian coasts.

scholarly journals Evolución del sector servicios de alojamiento y restauración y su contribución al desarrollo económico de Ayangue, Provincia de Santa Elena

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Sabina Villón Perero ◽  
Brusela Vásquez Farfán ◽  
Tannia Aguirre Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Economic Study ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Santa Elena ◽  
Social Level

Las actividades turísticas, en especial los servicios de alojamiento y restauración han mantenido una importante participación en la economía del Ecuador durante los últimos años, a partir de esta premisa se consideró relevante realizar el presente estudio que consiste en el análisis de la evolución del sector en mención y su contribución al desarrollo económico de la comuna Ayangue ubicada en la provincia de Santa Elena. Para ejecutar la investigación de campo se tomó una muestra de establecimientos dedicados a las mencionadas actividades, así como también se realizó un estudio socioeconómico mediante la aplicación de  encuestas y entrevistas las mismas que permitieron  obtener información cualitativa y cuantitativa, cuyos resultados evidenciaron cómo ha  evolucionado este sector y el impacto que ha generado en el desarrollo de la comunidad a través del tiempo, los mismos que reflejaron el incentivo de emprendimientos, la  generación de plazas de trabajo y el mejoramiento del nivel económico y social de los comuneros.  AbstractTourist activities, specially Accommodation and provision of food and beverages services, have had an important participation in the economy of Ecuador in the last years, based on this premise it was considered relevant to carry out the present study, which is an analysis of the sector in question and their contribution to economic development of the Ayangue Commune, in Province of Santa Elena. For perform field investigations, it took a sample of establishments and was performed a socio-economic study, using surveys and interviews, which they allowed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information, whose results showed the evolution of this sector and the impact generated in the community development through time, resulting incentive enterprises, generating jobs and improving the economic and social level of the community members. 

scholarly journals Tariffs and the textile trade between Brazil and Britain (1808-1860)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-342
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Textile Trade ◽  
Monetary Instability

Abstract The commercial treaty with Britain in 1810, along the authorization of foreign trade in ports in 1808, are among the most important institutional changes in nineteenth century Brazil. The 1810 treaty lowered tariffs for British manufactures while maintaining high tariffs in Britain for Brazilian sugar and coffee. These terms are generally viewed as disastrous for the Brazilian economy, although there is still limited quantitative information about how much the tariff affected the demand for British imports. This paper provides new qualitative and quantitative evidence on the operation and effect of Brazil’s imports tariffs in the period. I find that the effect of the tariffs is different from what traditional literature assumes. First, the monetary instability in the 1820s and conflicts over product price assessment often led the de facto tariff to be higher than the 15 percent established by the treaty. Second, even with higher rates, quantitative analysis shows they did not have decrease imports of British textiles.

scholarly journals Information and communication technologies and gender in climate change and green economy: Situating women’s opportunities and challenges in Zambian policies and strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Namukombo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Gender

Zambia’s 2012 report on the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (RIO +20) identifies existing opportunities on the country’s transitioning to green economy. The RIO +20 conference of 2012 has resulted in new momentum in addressing problems of sustainable development. However, this article argues that there are practical challenges that require paying attention to, especially those involving women. The article addressed one key question: To what extent can women participate in the transitioning process to green economy in Zambia and what opportunities and challenges exists? The study used document analysis to answer the above question. National policy documents were reviewed to understand interventions on environmental management. Whilst going through the documents, the study used gender analysis frameworks (education, skills, roles in family and society, access to infrastructure) to bring out qualitative and quantitative information on women. Using suggested green economy interventions in the literature as benchmark, qualitative analysis was used to project possible participation of women in green economy activities and possible challenges to be faced. The study found that participation of women will be limited despite existing opportunities because of challenges of access to information and communication technology infrastructures, low educational levels and skills and financial constraints. As Zambia undergoes a transitioning process, these limitations should be addressed in planned green economy policies and interventions to maximise benefits.Keywords: Green economy; Gender; Policies; Strategies; ICT; Zambia

Preliminary Severe Accident Analysis of Fusion-Fission Hybrid Reactor Using the MELCOR Code

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Dabin ◽  
Zhiwei Zhou ◽  
Heng Xie ◽  
Tang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Core Meltdown ◽  
Dry Out

The fusion-fission hybrid conceptual reactor is a proposed means of generating power, which adopts a water cooled fission blanket based on ITER. Due to the water cooled fission blanket, safety performance of the hybrid reactor should be considered, including decay heat remove, core uncovered, core meltdown, core degradation, radioactivity releases, etc., similar with the PWRs. The main goal of this work is to develop the fission blanket model by using MELCOR code, and to evaluate the safety performance under severe accidents preliminarily. Based on MELCOR 1.8.5, some modification is made for the severe accident analysis of fission blanket. Using modified MELCOR code, an analysis model is developed for the fission blanket and the cooling loop. The strategy of the In-Vessel Retention (IVR) using the ex-vessel cooling method is evaluated during a large break LOCA. The calculation results describes the main phenomena during the severe accident progression, including core dry out, meltdown, relocation, etc.. Simulation result is shown that the decay heat in the fission zone can be removed out by the ex-vessel cooling system merely, and the fuel max temperature will not reach the melting point.

Using Candlestick Charting, Segmentation Pattern Analysis, and GHMethod: Math-Physical Medicine to calculate Effective Glucoses based on Finger-Piercing Glucose Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gerald Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Engineering Modeling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical Phenomena

This paper describes glucose measurements and their extensive calculation results over a period of 7.5 years based on Finger-Piercing Data (Finger) using both candlestick charting and glucose segmentation pattern analysis. The dataset is provided by the author, who uses his own type 2 diabetes metabolic conditions control, as a case study via the “math-physical medicine” approach of a non- traditional methodology in medical research. Math-Physical Medicine (MPM) starts with the observation of the human body’s physical phenomena (not biological or chemical characteristics), collecting elements of the disease related data (preferring big data), utilizing applicable engineering modeling techniques, developing appropriate mathematical equations (not just statistical analysis), and finally predicting the direction of the development and control mechanism of the disease.

La conduite automobile: un objet de recherche sociologique?

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK PERETTI-WATEL
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Conduite Automobile ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Car Driving ◽  
Cognitive Rationality

Car driving has received little attention from sociologists. Existing analyses highlight the irrationality of drivers, victims of an ‘illusion of control’, a ‘bias of optimism’ or influenced by social and cultural factors. Using qualitative and quantitative information, this article suggests a new perspective, in which driving is regarded as a ‘social activity’ (in the Weberian sense) and it is presumed that drivers operate on a cognitive rationality.

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