Real-Time Capacitive Detection of Microdroplets

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caglar Elbuken ◽  
Tomasz Glawdel ◽  
Danny Chan ◽  
Carolyn L. Ren
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Passivation Layer ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Capacitive Sensors ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques ◽  
Capacitive Detection

This paper presents a cost-effective and scalable method for real-time detection of microdroplets in microchannels. Sensing electrodes are manufactured using standard microfabrication techniques. Commercial capacitive sensors are used for detection. The functional and simple hardware ensures portability and yields a signal-to-noise ratio of 4 for electrodes covered with a passivation layer. Experimental results for detection of aqueous droplets in silicone oil are presented.

GPS Signal to Noise Ratio Analysis and Using for Real-Time Tide Monitoring

2017 ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Shuang-cheng Zhang ◽  
Qianyi Wang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Jing-jiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio

scholarly journals Real-Time Signal-to-Noise Ratio Estimation by Universal Grid Analyzer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apsana Bhandari ◽  
He Yin ◽  
Yilu Liu ◽  
Wenxuan Yao ◽  
Lingwei Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Universal Grid

scholarly journals An improved transmitter system to accurately measure wet-bulb temperature of air

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007
Author(s):  
Liangwen Yan ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Sijung Hu ◽  
Qiu Gao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

A cost-effective measurement of wet-bulb temperature of air has great benefits to fulfill a growing demand of industry, cultivation agriculture, and medication. Applying an appropriate algorithm to wet-bulb temperature of air measurement can effectively improve the accuracy and speed of its measurement. The study aims to research how an improved transmitter system along with the latent heat–based iteration algorithm is used to precisely measure wet-bulb temperature of air. The work consists of (1) simulation of the iteration algorithm and (2) validation via experimental protocol. The simulation results through latent heat–based iteration algorithm were in good agreement ( R2≥ 0.99) with the reference. The performance of the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system was tested by a latent heat–based iteration algorithm experimental setup. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air in a good consistency with commercial wet-bulb temperature of air in a range of temperature (15°C–34°C) and relative humidity (28.8%–76.2%). The Bland–Altman plot also shows that the mean value and the standard deviation of the differences between these two systems are 0.14°C and 0.29°C, respectively, which indicates that the improved wet-bulb temperature of air has a good agreement as well. Compared with the commercial wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system, an advanced processor (STM32F103C8T6) and real-time operating system was applied in the improved wet-bulb temperature of air transmitter system. The experimental results show that its measurement accuracy is closer to the previous study. This study provides an alternative and cost-effective solution to accurately and real-time measure wet-bulb temperature of air.

OPTICAL PROCESSING WITH PHOTOREFRACTIVE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS

1992 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 609-638
Author(s):  
L.J. CHENG ◽  
D.T.H. LIU ◽  
K.L. LUKE
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Compound Semiconductors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Response Compatibility ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Optical Processing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Material Response ◽  
Noise Ratio

Photorefractive compound semiconductors are attractive for optical processing because of fast material response, compatibility with semiconductor lasers, and availability of cross polarization diffraction for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio. This paper presents a collection of recent experimental results on optical processing using photorefractive GaAs and InP. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using photorefractive compound semiconductors as dynamic holographic interaction media for optical processing applications.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Image Inpainting Method Based on Continued Fractions Interpolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei He ◽  
Yan Xing ◽  
Kangxiong Xia ◽  
Jieqing Tan
Keyword(s):  
Continued Fractions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Rational Interpolation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal To Noise

In view of the drawback of most image inpainting algorithms by which texture was not prominent, an adaptive inpainting algorithm based on continued fractions was proposed in this paper. In order to restore every damaged point, the information of known pixel points around the damaged point was used to interpolate the intensity of the damaged point. The proposed method included two steps; firstly, Thiele’s rational interpolation combined with the mask image was used to interpolate adaptively the intensities of damaged points to get an initial repaired image, and then Newton-Thiele’s rational interpolation was used to refine the initial repaired image to get a final result. In order to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm, plenty of experiments were tested on damaged images. Subjective evaluation and objective evaluation were used to evaluate the quality of repaired images, and the objective evaluation was comparison of Peak Signal to Noise Ratios (PSNRs). The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm had better visual effect and higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Variable Length Reconfigurable Algorithms and Architectures for DCT/IDCT Based on Modified Unfolded Cordic

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Liyi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Variable Length ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Arithmetic Sequence ◽  
Coordinate Rotation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Orthogonal Property ◽  
Higher Regularity

A coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) based variable length reconfigurable DCT/IDCT algorithm and corresponding architecture are proposed. The proposed algorithm is easily to extend to the 2n-point DCT/IDCT. Furthermore, we can easily construct the N-point DCT/IDCT with two N/2-pt DCTs/IDCTs based the proposed algorithm. The architecture based on the proposed algorithm can support several power-of-two transform sizes. To speed up the computation of DCT/IDCT without losing accuracy, we develop the modified unfolded CORDIC with the efficient carry save adder (CSA). The rotation angles of CORDIC used in proposed algorithm are arithmetic sequence. For convenience, we develop the architecture of N-point IDCT with the orthogonal property of DCT and IDCT transforms. The proposed architecture are modeled with MATLAB language and performed in DCT-based JPEG process, the experimental results show that the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values of proposed architectures are higher than the existing CORDIC based architectures at both different quantization factors and different test images. Furthermore, the proposed architectures have higher regularity, modularity, computation accuracy and suitable for VLSI implementation.

Lossless Steganography on Orthogonal Vector for 3D H.264 with Limited Distortion Diffusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Zhitang Li
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Cosine Transform ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Cosine Transform ◽  
Orthogonal Vector ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Transform Coefficients ◽  
Distortion Drift ◽  
Limited Distortion

In order to improve the undetectability, a lossless algorithm based on orthogonal vectors with limited distortion diffusion for 3D H.264 video is proposed in this paper. Inter-view distortion drift is avoided by embedding data into frames, which do not predict other views. Three conditions and pairs of coefficients are proposed to prevent intra-frame distortion diffusion. Several quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients are chosen from an embeddable luminance 4×4 block to construct a carrier vector, which is modified by an offset vector. When the carrier vector and the offset vector are orthogonal or near to be orthogonal, a data bit can be hidden. Experimental results indicate that the method is effective by enhancing peak signal-to-noise ratio with 7.5dB and reducing the Kullback-Leibler divergence with 0.07 at least. More than 1.7×1015 ways could be utilized for constructing the vectors, so it is more difficult for others to steal data.

Development and Characterization of an Electrocochleography-Guided Robotics-Assisted Cochlear Implant Array Insertion System

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110492
Author(s):  
Allan M. Henslee ◽  
Christopher R. Kaufmann ◽  
Matt D. Andrick ◽  
Parker T. Reineke ◽  
Viral D. Tejani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Hearing Outcomes

Objective Electrocochleography (ECochG) is increasingly being used during cochlear implant (CI) surgery to detect and mitigate insertion-related intracochlear trauma, where a drop in ECochG signal has been shown to correlate with a decline in hearing outcomes. In this study, an ECochG-guided robotics-assisted CI insertion system was developed and characterized that provides controlled and consistent electrode array insertions while monitoring and adapting to real-time ECochG signals. Study Design Experimental research. Setting A research laboratory and animal testing facility. Methods A proof-of-concept benchtop study evaluated the ability of the system to detect simulated ECochG signal changes and robotically adapt the insertion. Additionally, the ECochG-guided insertion system was evaluated in a pilot in vivo sheep study to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio and amplitude of ECochG recordings during robotics-assisted insertions. The system comprises an electrode array insertion drive unit, an extracochlear recording electrode module, and a control console that interfaces with both components and the surgeon. Results The system exhibited a microvolt signal resolution and a response time <100 milliseconds after signal change detection, indicating that the system can detect changes and respond faster than a human. Additionally, animal results demonstrated that the system was capable of recording ECochG signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio and sufficient amplitude. Conclusion An ECochG-guided robotics-assisted CI insertion system can detect real-time drops in ECochG signals during electrode array insertions and immediately alter the insertion motion. The system may provide a surgeon the means to monitor and reduce CI insertion–related trauma beyond manual insertion techniques for improved CI hearing outcomes.

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