Summary Abstract: Grazing incidence x‐ray crystallography from surfaces and interfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-710
Author(s):  
J. Als‐Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces

X-RAY DIFFRACTION FOR SURFACES AND BURIED INTERFACES

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RENAUD
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The application of X-rays to the structural characterization of surfaces and interfaces, in situ and in UHV, is discussed on selected examples. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction is not only a very powerful technique for quantitatively investigating the atomic structure of surfaces and interfaces, but is also very useful for providing information on the interfacial registry for coherent interfaces or on the strain deformation, island and grain sizes for incoherent epilayers.

X-Ray Reflectometry from Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K Tanner ◽  
Simon J Miles ◽  
D Keith Bowen ◽  
Linda Hart ◽  
Neil Loxley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett Films ◽  
Preliminary Study

ABSTRACTX-ray reflectance measurements at grazing incidence provide non-destructively a measure of the thickness of thin layers, the electron density as a function of depth, and interface and surface roughness. We show that the effect of roughness at a buried interface is only to reduce the visibility of the interference fringes, whereas roughness at the top surface leads also to an overall increase in the rate of fall of intensity with angle (or energy). These two contributions can then be readily distinguished.Most work has been performed in monochromatic angular dispersive mode. We present here a preliminary study of the application of the high-energy, fixed-angle, energy dispersive mode for the study of thin epitaxial layers, Langmuir-Blodgett films, surface damage on silicon chemi-sol polished wafers and ion implanted silicon and aluminium. Data has been analysed using the theory of Parratt, which we have adapted for use in the energy dispersive method.

Diffuse Neutron Scattering from Surfaces and Interfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Magnetic Multilayers ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specular Scattering ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Diffuse Neutron

ABSTRACTThe use of neutron scattering as a tool for exploring surfaces and interfaces has become more prevalent over the last several years, mainly due to the increasing popularity of reflectivity techniques, which study specular reflection from single surfaces or multilayers. Due to intensity limitations, the use of off-specular or grazing-incidence neutron scattering techniques has been much less prevalent. In this paper we shall discuss the origins of magnetic off-specular scattering (e.g., as observed in magnetic multilayers) and the origins of anomalies seen in the X-ray or neutron diffuse scattering from multilayers near Bragg reflections in terms of the Dynamical Theory of Scattering.

Positioning errors during stepped scans in X-ray crystallography

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Shayduk ◽  
Wolfgang Braun
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
The Ideal

It is demonstrated that many X-ray measurements, especially at grazing incidence, allow continuous data acquisition during stepped scans without deadtime for diffractometer motor motions. Analyzing the deviation from the ideal trajectory during independent motor movements, it is found that the deviation from the direct line connecting two data points in reciprocal space is very small for large volumes of reciprocal space. A synchronization algorithm to determine coordinated motor movements that follow the direct line connecting the data points is presented. Verification experiments on a six-circle diffractometer demonstrate the validity of the approach.

In situ Characterization Of MBE Grown Surfaces And Interfaces By Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pinchaux ◽  
M. Sauvage-Simkin ◽  
J. Massies ◽  
N. Jedrecy ◽  
N. Greiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces

scholarly journals Non-equilibrium phonon dynamics studied by grazing-incidence femtosecond X-ray crystallography

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Johnson ◽  
P. Beaud ◽  
E. Vorobeva ◽  
C. J. Milne ◽  
É. D. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Lattice Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Carrier Energy

The timescales for structural changes in a single crystal of bismuth after excitation with an intense near-infrared laser pulse are studied with femtosecond pump-probe X-ray diffraction. Changes in the intensity and reciprocal-lattice vector of several reflections give quantitative information on the structure factor and lattice strain as a function of time, with a resolution of 200 fs. The results indicate that the majority of excess carrier energy that remains near the surface is transferred to vibrational modes on a timescale of about 10 ps, and that the resultant increase in the variance of the atomic positions at these times is consistent with the overall magnitude of lattice strain that develops.

scholarly journals Grazing incidence X-ray diffuse scattering from surfaces and interfaces

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (a1) ◽  
pp. C471-C471
Author(s):  
B. K. Tanner ◽  
I. Pape ◽  
T. P. A. Hase ◽  
M. Wormington
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces

Difference Fourier Analysis of Glucose Embedded and Frozen Hydrated Purple Membrane

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jules S. Jaffe ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Fourier Techniques ◽  
Versus Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
Ideal Method

Although difference Fourier techniques are standard in X-ray crystallography it has only been very recently that electron crystallographers have been able to take advantage of this method. We have combined a high resolution data set for frozen glucose embedded Purple Membrane (PM) with a data set collected from PM prepared in the frozen hydrated state in order to visualize any differences in structure due to the different methods of preparation. The increased contrast between protein-ice versus protein-glucose may prove to be an advantage of the frozen hydrated technique for visualizing those parts of bacteriorhodopsin that are embedded in glucose. In addition, surface groups of the protein may be disordered in glucose and ordered in the frozen state. The sensitivity of the difference Fourier technique to small changes in structure provides an ideal method for testing this hypothesis.

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