scholarly journals The Fractured Messaging of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Its Members in Response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Timothy Mirabito ◽  
Robin Hardin ◽  
Joshua R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Ladies Professional Golf Association

The sports world’s near universal moratorium in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was abrupt and unprecedented. From professional leagues to youth sports, doors were closed to competitions and events to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. The hiatus began at one of the busiest times on the calendar for sport, with the National Basketball Association and National Hockey League seasons concluding; the Women's National Basketball Association and National Football League drafts taking place; Major League Baseball's spring training nearing its conclusion; the Professional Golf Association and Ladies Professional Golf Association Tours starting their seasons; and the National Collegiate Athletic Association's marquee events, the Division-I men’s and women’s basketball tournaments, set to begin. The suddenness of the interruption was met with a need by the various sport entities to engage their public with information about their respective responses. The statements that emerged on or after March 12—“the day the sports world stopped”—were not all the same. Many of the statements, in fact, were quite different. That was especially the case with the National Collegiate Athletic Association, whose governance structure and messaging practices hindered their ability to have a uniform response. The purpose of this essay was to examine the public messaging of sport leagues and organizations and to discuss the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of those public statements.

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanchez ◽  
Blake H. Hodgens ◽  
Joseph S. Geller ◽  
Samuel Huntley ◽  
Jonathan Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

“Do Not Question Authority”: Examining Team Rules in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women’s Basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325
Author(s):  
Leslie K. Larsen ◽  
Leslee A. Fisher ◽  
Terilyn C. Shigeno ◽  
Matthew P. Bejar ◽  
Melissa N. Madeson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Consensual Qualitative Research ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Organizational Loyalty ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Women's Basketball

While the policies National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments have in place regarding social media and drug abuse have been empirically investigated, research on the full battery of rules implemented by NCAA teams is scant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the written team rules of 41 NCAA Division I women’s basketball teams to better understand the types of rules that are in place and to hypothesize the effects these rules might have on the development of an autonomy-supportive environment. Using Consensual Qualitative Research, the research team constructed seven domains with multiple categories to represent the data. The domains included the following: (a) program expectations, (b) controlled communication, (c) controlled relationships, (d) controlled appearance/attire, (e) controlled social behavior, (f) recommendations for optimal physical performance, and (g) academic expectation. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that NCAA Division I women’s basketball coaches use team rules as a tool for domination rather than a strategy for developing the autonomy of student-athletes. We offer practical suggestions for coach educators, coach developers, and coaches on best practices when creating team rules to develop an autonomy-supportive environment that strengthens organizational loyalty and improves the experiences of student-athletes.

Location, Location, Location?

2012 ◽  
pp. 262-282
Author(s):  
Karl W. Einolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Location Model ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Sports Leagues

This article explores the location of franchises in sports leagues. It specifically examines the location of franchises within the four major sports leagues in the continental United States: Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Football League (NFL), the National Hockey League (NHL), and the National Basketball Association (NBA). Moreover, a facility location model is used to investigate the optimal placement of sports franchises in a league and to identify the best expansion prospects for a sports league. It is shown that the p-median model's optimal solution is less likely to be the best option for an organization if its facilities are less dependent on the income available at a node on the network. It is noted that the four major sports leagues in the continental United States do not all locate franchises optimally, according to the model.

scholarly journals Defining Platelet-Rich Plasma Usage by Team Physicians in Elite Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711876707 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Kantrowitz ◽  
Ajay S. Padaki ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
T. Sean Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
National Football League ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Major League

Background: The indications for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are vaguely defined despite the frequency of its use as a treatment for athletes. While select studies have advocated for its efficacy, the majority of orthopaedic research conducted on the topic has been equivocal. Purpose: To define the use of PRP in elite athletes by team physicians from professional sports leagues. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey assessing treatment timing, usage patterns, indications, and complications was generated by fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons. The survey was distributed to team physicians from the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Hockey League, Major League Soccer, and the “Power 5” Division I conferences of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. From a compilation of publicly available email addresses and those available from professional team physician associations, 149 team physicians were sent this PRP assessment tool. Results: Of the 149 professional and collegiate team physicians contacted, 59 started the survey and 46 completed it, resulting in a 39.6% participation rate and a 30.9% completion rate. Approximately 93% of physicians stated that they use PRP in their practices, and 72% use ultrasonography for injection guidance. On average, collegiate team physicians and National Football League physicians treated the most players per season with PRP (69.4 and 60.4 players, respectively), while National Hockey League physicians treated the fewest (18.0 players). The majority of respondents reported no complications from PRP injections (70%), with pain being the most common complication reported (26%). There was no consensus on the most important aspect of PRP formulation, with the top 2 responses being platelet concentration (48%) and white blood cell concentration (39%). When grading the importance of indications to use PRP, physicians found athlete desire on average (7.5 ± 2.2 [SD]; out of 10) to be more important than reimbursement (2.2 ± 2.2) ( P < .001). Importantly, physicians stated that they moderately (5.4 ± 2.3) believed in the evidence behind PRP. Physicians listed hamstring injuries as the most common injury treated with PRP. Hamstring injuries were treated with a mean 3.14 PRP injections, as opposed to 2.19 injections for nonhamstring injuries. Conclusion: Professional and collegiate team physicians frequently use PRP despite a lack of consensus regarding the importance of the formulation of the product, the timing of treatment, and the conditions that would most benefit from PRP treatment.

Should Antitrust Apply to Sports? 1957 and 1958

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George Surdam
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Antitrust Legislation ◽  
Territorial Rights

This chapter focuses on the Congressional hearings conducted in 1957 and 1958 to address whether basketball, football, and hockey should be given a broad antitrust exemption similar to that of baseball. It first considers the introduction of different bills pertaining to professional sports and antitrust following the Supreme Court's ruling in Radovich v. NFL, with particular emphasis on antitrust legislation focusing on the National Football League (NFL), before discussing the farm systems in baseball and hockey pioneered by Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals. It also looks at the issue of the reserve clause and its effect upon competitive balance and concludes with an assessment of Congress's decision not to grant even partial antitrust exemptions for the reserve clause, draft, territorial rights, and commissioner powers in the NFL, National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Hockey League (NHL).

scholarly journals Education Versus Athletics: What Will Division I Football and Basketball Players Choose?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Rudd ◽  
David Ridpath
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Academic Misconduct ◽  
Division I ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Football Bowl Subdivision ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
The Public ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Division I Football

For many years the desire for money and winning in Division I athletics,  particularly in the sports of football (Football Bowl Subdivision) and men’s basketball, have encouraged colleges and universities to provide special admission for athletes with exceptional athletic ability, who in turn, often are less prepared to succeed academically. This has resulted in the widespread occurrence of unethical academic support practices (e.g., taking classes and writing papers for students and providing answers to exams) in order to maintain athletes’ eligibility and increase graduation rates to appease the public and to present the case that intercollegiate athletic are about education first. As one means of curbing academic misconduct, the authors recommend providing Division I football and basketball the option of playing their sport only without any academic eligibility requirement. Athletes who are struggling academically or lack academic commitment would no longer need to be bolstered by illegitimate academic support or less than accurate metrics. The present exploratory study sought to determine how many Division I football and basketball players would choose the option of playing their sport only versus playing and pursuing their degree under current National Collegiate Athletic Association Guidelines (NCAA) guidelines. The results showed that the majority would still choose to play and pursue their degree. Overall, the belief that one can play professionally did not diminish athletes’ desire to play and earn their degree.  However, there were also a percentage of athletes that believed they can play professionally and also desired to play their sport only.

A Case-Study Analysis of NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Tournament Broadcasts: Educational or Commercial Activity?

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Southall ◽  
Mark S. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
The Impact

Over the past few years the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I women’s basketball tournament has drawn larger crowds, generated increased television ratings, and attracted higher levels of advertising spending. Division I women’s basketball is now viewed as the women’s “revenue” sport. In light of the limited analysis of the organizational conditions that frame college-sport broadcast production, this case study examines the impact of influential actors on the representation process of big-time college-basketball telecasts. Using a mixed-method approach, this article investigates production conditions and processes involved in producing women’s basketball tournament broadcasts, examines the extent to which these broadcasts are consistent with the NCAA’s educational mission, and considers the dominant institutional logic that underpins their reproduction. In so doing, this case study provides a critical examination of women’s basketball tournament broadcasts and how such broadcasts constitute, and are constituted by, choices in television production structures and practices.

Variability of Competition-Based Caloric Expenditure and Relative Heart Rates in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women's Basketball

2019 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Sanders ◽  
Brian Boos ◽  
Jessica Rhodes ◽  
Corey A. Peacock ◽  
Roger O. Kollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Caloric Expenditure ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Women's Basketball
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